Questions and Answers of Biology Science For Life With Physiology

A trait that varies continuously, rather than having a distinct “on or off” character, is called a__________ trait.
The__________ point on a normal distribution typically corresponds to the mean.
The average distance any one individual is from the mean of the population is the __________.
Traits affected by more than one gene are referred to as __________.
Continuously varying traits may involve both many genes and the__________ interacting to produce a range of phenotypes.
The heritability of a trait is an estimate of the role of__________ variation in determining phenotypes for this trait.
Heritability of a trait can be measured by the__________ of phenotypes between relatives.
Twins that were produced by the fertilization of two different eggs are known as __________twins.
The__________ and a high value for heritability are both important in determining phenotype.
Epigenetic changes are caused by environmental factors that affect gene __________.
DNA profiles from any two nonidentical twins will be __________.
STRs are short__________ repeated DNA sequences that differ in number of repeats from one person to the next.
To increase the amount of DNA to work with, it can be copied using a technique called __________ __________.
A heat-tolerant enzyme, isolated from Thermus aquaticus, that synthesizes DNA is called Taq __________.
To separate DNA by size, scientists use a technique called__________ __________.
Identical twins share the same DNA profiles, which makes it difficult to use DNA evidence to narrow down which one was involved in a crime.In some legal cases involving identical twins, actual
Is a round yellow pea seed (genotype RrYy) an example of polygenic inheritance? Why or why not?
What factors cause quantitative variation in a trait within a population?
The DNA profile below is from a mother, a father, and their child. Compare the bands found in the child’s profile.What is true of every band shown in the child’s profile? Child Mother ||||| ||
A quantitative trait _________.A. May be one that is strongly influenced by the environment;B. Varies continuously in a population;C. May be influenced by many genes; D. is Not either off or on;E.
When graphing the phenotypes of a trait controlled by many genes and the environment, the line showing the frequency of each phenotype resembles _________.A. A horizontal, straight line;B. A
When a trait is highly heritable, _________.A. It is influenced by genes;B. It is not influenced by the environment;C. The variance of the trait in a population can be explained primarily by variance
Epigenetic changes involving methylation can directly affect the phenotype of an individual or her offspring by _________.A. Causing correlations between parents and children;B. Causing changes to
Which of the following is not part of the procedure used to make a DNA profile?A. Short tandem repeat sequences are amplified by PCR;B. DNA is placed in a gel and subjected to an electric current;C.
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the components in the PCR reaction. CAGTA CTT 0--0 G TTT C1 T GTCAT GAA G C A G T GTCAT G T A C TI G T C A T G A A
Which of the following statements is consistent with the DNA profile shown below?A. B is the child of A and C;B. C is the child of A and B;C. D is the child of B and C;D. A is the child of B and C;E.
Why is DNA profiling analysis a much more powerful way to identify an individual than ABO blood type analysis?
The heritability of IQ has been estimated at about 72%. If John’s IQ is 120 and Jerry’s IQ is 90, does John have stronger “intelligence” genes than Jerry does? Explain your answer.
Draw a DNA profile showing a pattern that could be produced if samples from two identical twin sisters and their parents were analyzed.
For a protein to be produced, first the enzyme_________ _________bindsto the promoter and undergoes transcription.
Transcription produces a complementary copy of the gene called__________________.
Once the complementary copy of the gene is produced it undergoes _________ .
The decoding of the mRNA occurs on structures called _________.
Translation allows a cell to determine which_________ _________ to jointogether to make a protein.
Cloning a gene involves making many_________ of it.
To cut genes out of an organism’s genome, bacterial enzymes called_________enzymes are used to snip DNA at specific sequences.
Once a gene is removed from the organism’s genome, it can be inserted intoa circular self-replicating bacterial _________.
A plasmid carrying a cloned gene can be placed inside a bacterial cell where itwill undergo transcription and _________.
The_________ produced by recombinant bacteria can then be isolated andused in other organisms.
Farmers choose which strains to breed together in a process called_________ _________.
An organism that has been genetically modified to contain DNA from anotherorganism is a_________ organism.
A_________ _________ can be used to shoot DNA-coated pellets into plantcells.
Biological pharming is the use of animals to produce_________ that aremissing or defective in humans.
The CRISPR system is being used by scientists to make precise genetic alterationsor_________ to DNA sequences.
Stem cells can retain the ability to become any type of cell because they arenot yet specialized. Another term for “not yet specialized” is _________.
The use of stem cells to produce new organs is called_________ cloning.
The use of stem cells to produce an individual is called_________ cloning.
_________therapy attempts to provide a replacement protein to cells thathave a defective gene.
Cloning often involves removing the_________ from a somatic cell and placingit in another egg cell.
Human cloning is often presented as though clones grow and develop inside a test tube until the adult human clones produced are indistinguishable from the original human they were cloned from and
List the order of nucleotides on the mRNA that would be transcribed from the following DNA sequence:CGATTACTTA.
Using the genetic code, list the order of amino acids encoded by the following mRNA nucleotides:CAACGCAUUUUG.
Transcription _________.A. Synthesizes new daughter DNA molecules from an existing DNA molecule;B. Results in the synthesis of an RNA copy of a gene;C. Pairs thymines (T) with adenines (A);D. Occurs
Transfer RNA (tRNA) _________.A. Carries monosaccharides to the ribosome for synthesis;B. Is made of messenger RNA;C. Has an anticodon region that is complementary to the mRNA codon;D. Is the site of
During the process of transcription, _________.A. DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of more DNA;B. DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of RNA;C. DNA serves as a template for the
Translation results in the production of _________.A. RNA;B. DNA;C. Protein;D. Individual amino acids;E. Transfer RNA molecules
The RNA polymerase enzyme binds to _________, initiating transcription.A. Amino acids;B. TRNA;C. The promoter sequence;D. The ribosome
A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is TGA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds to the mRNA codon is _________.A. TGA;B. UGA;C. UCU;D. ACU
RNA and DNA are similar because _________.A. Both are double-stranded helices;B. Uracil is found in both of them;C. Both contain the sugar deoxyribose;D. Both are made up of nucleotides consisting of
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates atransfer RNA molecule. tRNA AAA UUU
Take another look at the genetic code (Table 10.1). Do you see any similarities between codons that code for the same amino acid? Based on this difference, why might a mutation that affects the
Genes encode RNA polymerase molecules. What would happen to a cell that has undergone a mutation to its RNA polymerase gene?
Draw a box around the six-base-pair site at which a restriction enzyme would most likely be cut.ATGAATTCCGTCCG TACTTAAGGCAGGC
Biological evolution is the change that occurs in a population over the course of ________.
________ ________is a process that causes evolution and occurs when some individuals in a population have greater or lower survival or reproduction than others.
The evolution of pesticide resistance in lice is an example of ________.
A scientific________ is an explanation of how things work that is supported by multiple lines of evidence.
The theory of common descent states that all life shares a single________ ________.
Lamarck’s theory of evolution included the supposition that traits developed over an individual’s________ are passed on to his or her offspring.
The last chapters of On the Origin of Species summarize the theory of ________descent.
Darwin’s essential contribution to the science of evolutionary biology was that he collected numerous lines of________ in support of the theory.
A________ creator or effect cannot be objectively observed, so hypotheses including these effects are not testable by the scientific method.
Competing ideas about “how the world works” are referred to as alternative ________.
The hierarchical organization of Linneaus’s classification system implies________ relationships among organisms.
A________ trait is a seemingly useless trait that appears similar to a useful trait in a related organism.
The evidence for evolution includes homologies in ________, ________, and ________.
The study of biogeography indicates that species that appear closely related tend to be geographically to each other.
Older hominins appear more________ -like than modern hominins.
The hypothesis that all living organisms appeared independently of each other is rejected because evidence of________ among them abound.
The hypothesis that Earth appeared around 10,000 years ago is rejected because of the evidence from________ dating.
Support for the common ancestry of all living things includes the universality of the hereditary molecule ________ .
Another piece of evidence that all living organisms share a common ancestor is the relationship between________ and protein.
Consilience of evidence for common ancestry means that we refer to this understanding as the________ of evolution.
Macroevolution can be hard to grasp because it is so difficult to observe.Some who are skeptical of evolutionary theory might make this statement:If the theory that humans evolved from apes is
What observations did Darwin make on the Galápagos Islands that helped convince him that evolution occurs?A. The existence of animals that did not fit into Linnaeus’s classification system;B. The
Fill in the blanks in the following graph, which illustrates the decay curve of a radioactive element used to date fossil structures. remaining Percentage of 100 50 25 T 3 T O Using this decay curve,
The process of biological evolution _________.A. Is not supported by scientific evidence;B. Results in a change in the features of individuals in a population;C. Takes place over the course of
In science, a theory is a(n) _________.A. Educated guess;B. Inference based on a lack of scientific evidence;C. Idea with little experimental support;D. Body of scientifically acceptable general
The theory of common descent states that all modern organisms _________.A. Can change in response to environmental change;B. Descended from a single common ancestor;C. Descended from one of many
The DNA sequence for the same gene found in several species of mammals _________.A. Is identical among all species;B. Is equally different between all pairs of mammal species;C. Is more similar
Marsupial mammals give birth to young that complete their development in a pouch on the mother’s abdomen.All the native mammals of Australia are marsupials, while these types of mammals are absent
Even though marsupial mammals give birth to live young, an eggshell forms briefly early in their development. This is evidence that _________.A. Marsupials share a common ancestor with some
A species of crayfish that lives in caves produces eyestalks like its above-ground relatives, but has no eyes. Eyestalks in cave-dwelling crayfish are thus _________.A. An evolutionary error;B. A
Which of the following taxonomic levels contains organisms that share the most recent common ancestor?A. Family;B. Order;C. Phylum;D. Genus;E. Class
The classification system devised by Linnaeus can be“rewritten” in the form of an evolutionary tree. Draw a tree that illustrates the relationship among the flowering species listed, given their
DNA is not the only molecule that is used to test for evolutionary relationships among organisms. Proteins can also be used, and the sequences of their building blocks(called amino acids) can be
Look at the tree you generated for question 2. It does not imply that yeast is more closely related to corn than it is to green algae. Why not?Question 2DNA is not the only molecule that is used to
The disease tuberculosis is caused by a _______.
The symptoms of tuberculosis are directly caused by damage to an infected individual’s _______.
Individuals with active tuberculosis may spread the infectious organism when they_______ or _______.

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