Questions and Answers of Biology Science For Life With Physiology

Why does labor become increasingly painful as childbirth approaches?
The specialized cells that are found in the nervous system are called _________.
Nerve impulses can be transmitted by chemicals released from neurons. These chemicals are called _________.
The_________ _________ comprises the brain and spinal cord.
The general senses are temperature, pain, touch, pressure, and body position.Body position is also called _________ .
An automatic response to a stimulus is called a _________ .
Neurons are a major cell type in the brain, as are the___________ cells that support them.
The___________ controls language, memory, voluntary movements, sensations, and decision making.
The outer surface of the cerebrum is called the ___________ ___________.
The___________ controls balance, muscle movement, and coordination.
The___________ ___________ governs reflexes and other spontaneous functions.
Neurons are composed in part of___________ that radiate from the cell body.
The wire-like___________ transmits nerve impulses from the dendrite to the terminal boutons.
White matter is composed of neurons covered in___________ sheath.
An influx of positively charged ions serves to depolarize the membrane of the neuron, which typically has a more___________ charge on the inside than the outside.
The gap between two neurons, across which neurotransmitter flows, is called the ___________.
You are flipping through a magazine and come across a quiz designed to help you determine whether you are right-brained or left-brained. The preamble to the quiz states that the human brain exhibits
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the parts of the brain.
How do sensory, motor, and interneurons differ?
What are the general senses?
Which brain structure controls language, memory, sensations, and decision making?A. Cerebrum;B. Thalamus;C. Hypothalamus;D. Cerebellum;E. Brain stem
Where in the brain is the thalamus located?A. In the pons;B. In the medulla;C. In the cerebral cortex;D. Between the cerebral hemispheres;E. In the occipital lobe
Myelin _________.A. Is a protective layer that coats some neurons;B. Gives neurons a white appearance;C. Prevents sideways transmission of nerve impulses, thereby increasing the rate of
An action potential _________.A. Is a brief reversal of temperature in the neuronal membrane;B. Is propagated from the terminal bouton toward the cell body;C. Begins when sodium channels close in
Neurotransmitters _________.A. Are electrical charges that move down myelinated axons;B. Are released in the cell body to hasten nerve impulse transmission;C. Are released when an electrical impulse
The effects of a neurotransmitter could be increased by _________.A. Increasing the number of receptors on the postsynaptic cell;B. Preventing reuptake;C. Providing more enzymes involved in
True or False: A reflex arc is generated after multiple exposures to a negative stimulus such as heat.
Develop a neurobiological hypothesis for why ADD might be more severe in some people than others.
Nerve impulses travel more quickly at warmer temperatures and down axons that are larger in diameter.What would you predict about the axons of squid that make their home in the coldest depths of an
Describe how reflexes differ from other nervous system responses.
Annual plants complete their entire________ ________ in one year.
Meristems in plants are regions of active ________ ________.
The primary function of a flower is to facilitate________ reproduction.
An angiosperm fruit almost always develops from the ovary of the ________.
Double fertilization in angiosperms results in the production of a triploid endosperm, which serves as________ for the developing embryo.
Indeterminate growth in plants means that adult plants don’t have a set final________ and ________.
Abundant water is important to plant growth because it prevents ________, which interferes with the capture of sunlight.
Abundant water also permits stomata to stay open, facilitating________ ________uptake.
A symbiotic relationship between legumes and certain types of bacteria increases________ levels in the surrounding soil.
Farmers who practice polyculture tend to have fewer serious crop losses due to pests because they are not dependent on a________ crop, and pest populations cannot become________ without abundant
A________ agricultural system is one that does not compromise the ability of future generations to grow food.
Biomagnification is the reason why animals that are at the________ of a food chain are most negatively affected by persistent pesticides.
The goal of integrated pest management is to use detailed information about crop health and pest populations to________ the use of pesticides.
Irrigating crops with well water can eventually make the soil ________ .
The most effective single action you can make to reduce the environmental effect of your food choices is to eat less ________ .
Nearly everyone knows that a plant that wilts needs water. But now you know that cell walls made of cellulose (a polysaccharide) also provide much of the “skeleton” of the plant. With this
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates typical flower structure. Anther Filament Stigma Style Carpel
What does it mean to say a plant’s growth is “indeterminate”?
All of the following plant organs have been modified in certain plants to store large amounts of carbohydrate,except _________.A. Fruit;B. Stems;C. Roots;D. Leaves;E. Apical meristems
One difference between roots and leaves is _________.A. Roots have vascular tissue, but leaves do not;B. Roots can store carbohydrates, but leaves cannot;C. Leaves have only phloem, roots only
As a result of fertilization in flowering plants, _________.A. Pollen is picked up at the stigma by an animal for transfer to an anther;B. A single sperm is released by a pollen grain;C. A seed
In dicot woody plants, secondary growth results in _________.A. Production of new xylem and phloem;B. Increase in the girth or width of the stem;C. The production of additional nodes and
The function of stomata is _________.A. To prevent pests from damaging the photosynthetic surfaces of the plant;B. To allow carbon dioxide to enter the plant body;C. To sense water availability in
The first organ to emerge from a germinating seed is the _________.A. Axillary bud;B. Root;C. Cotyledon;D. Endosperm;E. Stem
Soils in agricultural systems require fertilizer because _________.A. Farming mines nutrients from the soil;B. Weeds compete with crop plants for soil nutrients;C. Most crop plants have
When inorganic fertilizer ends up in waterways, _________.A. The waterways become eutrophic;B. Algae populations explode in surface waters;C. Fish kills result;D. Drinking water may become
Agricultural scientists have been successful at creating only a few types of seedless fruits through traditional breeding—notably bananas, apples, grapes, pineapples, navel oranges, and a few
One way to make a houseplant look fuller is to cut off its primary growing tip. Based on what you’ve learned about primary growth, how does this action promote a bushy form?
Your friend has been planting the same variety of tomatoes in the same spot in his garden for the past 8 years.In recent years, he has noticed that his plants are less healthy, and that pests damage
Tension in xylem tubes is________ pressure caused by the________ of water from leaves.
An intact water column is relatively difficult to break because of________ between water molecules.
CAM and C4 photosynthesis are both adaptations to minimize________ loss through transpiration.
Overwatering leads to the death of________ ________ in houseplants, causing wilting.
Freezing causes the death of individual cells but can also “break” the water column in the________ vessels.
Translocation of sap in phloem always is in the direction of________ to ________.
The bulk movement of phloem sap is due to differences in ________.
Water flows into phloem tubes by osmosis after________ is actively loaded into the tubes.
Gardeners can control how plants allocate their sugars by removing nonpreferred tissues or organs that are acting as ________.
Phytochrome is a protein that helps a plant measure________ length, tuning the plant’s responses to the seasons.
Any directional growth is called ________.
Plants may exhibit tropisms in response to ________, ________, and ________.
A plant stem bends because cells on one side of the stem grow________ than cells on the other side.
The hormone auxin helps trigger cell growth, except in________ buds, where it suppresses growth.
Like animal hormones, plant hormones are produced in________ amounts, can have effects on organs distant from where they are ________, and have________ effects depending on conditions and the
Generations of biology students have complained about having to learn about plants. “They’re boring!” is a common refrain. We can summarize student reasoning about why plants are boring with
Why does a column of water in a xylem tube remain intact despite being under tremendous tension?
How do the C4 and CAM adaptations to photosynthesis reduce water loss from plants?
Water moves up a plant’s stem as a result of _________.A. The xylem pump;B. Diffusion of water into roots;C. Translocation of phloem sap;D. Evaporation of water from the leaves;E. Photosynthesis in
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates a tropic response. Auxin remaining on darkened side causes cell 15 010 OD 100 8.3 Directional light source Sun Directional growth in response
When water is under extremely high tension in a xylem tube, _________.A. Transpiration slows;B. Water cannot be removed from the soil;C. The water column can “break,”blocking further water
Which of the following adaptations provide an advantage to plants in warm, moist environments?A. Closing stomata in response to decreased water availability;B. Large-diameter xylem vessels,
Sap travels in phloem as a result of _________.A. Evaporation of sugar water from the leaves;B. The phloem pump;C. A countercurrent to xylem flow;D. Differences in water pressure in a phloem tube
Each of the following pairs represents a likely sugar source and its sink except _________.A. An apple seed and the fruit in which it is contained;B. Mature leaves of a tomato plant and a developing
A short-day plant can be prevented from flowering by _________.A. Keeping it constantly in the light;B. Preventing phytochrome from converting into the active form;C. Ensuring that day length does
Plant hormones are unlike animal hormones because _________.A. They are produced only in small amounts;B. They have different effects on different organs;C. They are not produced in specialized
You have decided to divide an overgrown daylily and move a portion of it to a new spot in your yard. Thinking about water relations in plants, how should you prepare the site and the lily for
Poinsettias are short-day plants with a critical night length of about 14 hours. Describe how you could induce a poinsettia to flower during the long days of summer.
Christmas tree farmers want to encourage apical dominance so that their plants have the “correct” form. They encourage this when plants are a few years old by pruning. What should they prune to
Nicotine increases ________ ________, which increases an exposed individual’s risk of heart attack and stroke.
In a mark-recapture study, the size of a population of interest is estimated by the________ of marked individuals that are recaptured after one round of trapping has occurred.
More than half of the human population is found in densely populated urban areas, demonstrating a________ distribution pattern.
Exponential growth is growth in proportion to the________ population.
The birth rate in a population is determined by counting the number of________ that occur in a population in a year, divided by the total ________.
During the demographic transition of a human population, growth rates climb as________ rates greatly exceed________ rates.
A population’s carrying capacity is the________ population size that can be supported indefinitely.
A decrease in the amount of food available per individual as a population gets larger is an example of a density-________ factor that affects population growth.
The graph of human population over time shows an S-shaped curve, indicating that the population may be nearing ________ ________.
Humans are an unusual species in that when resources levels are high, individuals often choose to have________ offspring.
Earth’s entire production of calories that could be consumed by humans is known as________ ________ production.
When natural populations exceed their environment’s carrying capacity, they may experience a steep population ________.

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