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biology science for life with physiology

Questions and Answers of Biology Science For Life With Physiology

Drugs called_______ are used against the organisms that cause diseases like tuberculosis.
New strains of tuberculosis have appeared that currently are essentially untreatable because they are _______.
Two of Darwin’s observations that led to the theory of natural selection are that organisms in a population_______ from each other and that traits can be on their offspring.
The fitness of an individual is defined as its success in_______ and_______ compared with other individuals in the same population.
An adaptation is a trait that increases an individual’s_______ relative to others in the population who do not have the trait.
When humans manipulate the environment and cause the evolution of traits in a population of domestic animals or plants it is called_______ _______.
The evolution of rapid alcohol metabolism in a population of fruit flies in a lab occurred in the presence of high alcohol levels could occur because individuals_______ in their rate of alcohol
Thanks to the modern synthesis, we now understand that the variations among individuals are caused by differences among them in their _______.
At the genetic level, an evolutionary change in a population results when the frequency of certain_______ within a population changes.
The process of natural selection can only work on the_______ that are available in a population.
Natural selection may favor the stability of a population, resulting in_______ evolutionary change.
In the case of diversifying selection, there are_______ high-fitness variant types in a population.
Antibiotic resistance evolves via natural selection because individual bacteria_______ in their resistance to antibiotics.
In an environment where antibiotics are applied, those bacteria that are resistant have higher_______ than those that are not, thus the population evolves.
Antibiotic resistance is more common when people_______ treatment before the bacteria is eliminated.
Antibiotic resistance is less likely to evolve in hard-to-treat pathogens when infected individuals complete their entire course of treatment and are treated with_______ drugs.
The ability to resist antibiotics may reduce the rate of reproduction in individual bacteria; in other words, these two traits represent a _______.
It can be difficult to imagine how complicated organisms have come about without some designer being involved. Even Darwin understood that it is difficult to see how an organ as complex as the human
What types of drugs have helped reduce the death rate due to tuberculosis infection, and why have they become less effective more recently?
Define artificial selection, and compare and contrast it with natural selection.
Which of the following observations is not part of the theory of natural selection?A. Populations of organisms have more offspring than will survive;B. There is variation among individuals in a
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates how Mycobacterium tuberculosis evolves when it is exposed to an antibiotic. Single drug therapy The initial M. tuberculosis population
The best definition of evolutionary fitness is _________.A. Physical health;B. The ability to attract members of the opposite sex;C. The ability to adapt to the environment;D. Survival and
An adaptation is a trait of an organism that increases _________.A. Its fitness;B. Its ability to survive and replicate;C. In frequency in a population over many generations;D. A and B are correct;E.
The heritable differences among organisms are a result of _________.A. Differences in their DNA;B. Mutation;C. Differences in alleles;D. A and B are correct;E. A, B, and C are correct
Since the modern synthesis, the technical definition of evolution is a change in _________ in a _________ over the course of generations.A. Traits, species;B. Allele frequency, population;C. Natural
Ivory from elephant tusks is a valuable commodity on the world market. As a result, male African elephants with large tusks have been heavily hunted for the past few centuries. Today, male elephants
Antibiotic resistance is becoming common among organisms that cause a variety of human diseases. All of the following strategies help reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance evolving in a
Most domestic fruits and vegetables are a result of artificial selection from wild ancestors. Use your understanding of artificial selection to describe how domesticated strawberries must have
The striped pattern on zebras’ coats is considered to be an adaptation that helps reduce the likelihood of a lion or other predator identifying and preying on an individual animal.The ancestors of
Are all features of living organisms adaptations? How could you determine if a trait in an organism is a product of evolution by natural selection?
According to the Linnean classification system, similar species are grouped into a larger category, the __________.
Individuals within a biological species can__________ but cannot produce fertile offspring with individuals of another __________.
All of the alleles found within individuals in a population make up the population’s gene __________.
The first step of speciation occurs when the gene pools of populations within a species become physically__________ from each other.
Speciation is complete when two populations formerly in the same species become__________ isolated from each other.
The genealogical species concept identifies species as groups that share a recent__________ ancestry.
Identifying species from the fossil record requires using the__________ species concept.
A population that has been isolated from another population for a long time should contain some__________ alleles.
Populations that have been separated from each other for a long time should have different allele__________ for several genes.
Human populations do not show genetic evidence that they have been__________ from each other; in fact, the genetic evidence indicates significant__________.
Two unrelated populations or species responding to similar environmental pressures by evolving similar traits is known as__________ evolution.
Genetic drift refers to the effect of__________ on changing allele frequencies in a population.
Genetic drift is more likely to cause evolution in__________ populations.
Sexual selection refers to the effect of the choice of__________ on the evolution of traits in a population.
Positive assortative mating occurs when individuals choose mates that are__________ to themselves.
The Hawaiian Islands are home to a group of birds found nowhere else—the Hawaiian honeycreepers. This group of about 50 species (many of which are now extinct) appears to have descended from a
Define “biological species.”
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the three steps required for speciation to occur. Step 1 of speciation: Step 3 of speciation: Step 2 of speciation: Time Geographic barrier
Describe three ways that evolution can occur via genetic drift.
Which of the following is an example of a prefertilization barrier to reproduction?A. A female mammal is unable to carry a hybrid offspring to term;B. Hybrid plants produce only sterile pollen;C. A
According to the most accepted scientific hypothesis about the origin of two new species from a single common ancestor, most new species arise when _________.A. Many mutations occur;B. Populations of
For two populations of organisms to be considered separate biological species, they must be _________.A. Reproductively isolated from each other;B. Unable to produce living offspring;C. Physically
The biological definition of “race” corresponds to all of the following except:A. The genealogical species concept;B. The idea that subgroups within the same species can be distinguished from
All of the following statements support the hypothesis that humans cannot be classified into biological races except:A. There is more genetic diversity within a racial group than average differences
Similarity in skin color among different human populations appears to be primarily the result of _________.A. Natural selection;B. Convergent evolution;C. Which biological race they belong to;D. A
The tendency of individuals to choose mates who are like themselves is called _________.A. Natural selection;B. Sexual selection;C. assortative mating;D. The founder effect;E. random mating
Wolf populations in Alaska are separated by thousands of miles from wolf populations in the northern Great Lakes of the lower 48 states. Wolves in both populations look similar and have similar
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine. The frequency of PKU in Irish populations is 1 in every 7000 births, while the frequency in urban British
A species of aster normally blooms between mid-August and late September. The range of the aster is located in a climate that usually produces freezing temperatures in late October. The pollinators
The history of life can be subdivided into_______ ________ that aredefined by a particular set of fossils.
Scientists estimate that about_______ percent of species currently presenton Earth are still unknown.
According to most biologists, the most appropriate way to classify livingorganisms is by using_______ relationships among organisms.
All living things can be sorted into one of three _______, the Bacteria,Archaea, or Eukarya.
The next broadest category of biological classification is _______.
The two prokaryotic domains are_______ and _______ .
The idea that eukaryotes evolved from mutually beneficial relationshipsamong cells is known as the_______ theory.
Protists include organisms that are both unicellular and_______ and thathave plant-like,_______ , or fungus-like lifestyles.
The largest group of plants on Earth today produces reproductive structurescalled _______ .
A virus consists primarily of a segment of genetic material that cannot_______without infecting a living cell.
A phylogeny is a diagram that represents a hypothesis of therelationship among organisms.
The genus name of a species is somewhat equivalent to a person’sname.
Creating a phylogenetic tree based on examining physical traits is complicatedby the fact that convergence may make species appear similar.
Fungi are like animals in that they rely on consuming other forenergy.
To test phylogenetic trees, scientists will often examinesequences.
English and many other languages read from left to right and top to bottom. As a result, readers often expect summaries or conclusions on the right-hand side or bottom of a figure. This can lead to
How many different species have been identified by science? How many are estimated to exist?
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the endosymbiotic hypothesis. Ancestral free-living oxygen-consuming Ancestral free-living photosynthetic
How are hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships among living organisms tested?
Which of the following kingdoms or domains is a hodgepodge of different evolutionary lineages?A. Bacteria;B. Protista;C. Archaea;D. Plantae;E. Animalia
Comparisons of ribosomal RNA among many different modern species indicate that _________.A. There are two very divergent groups of prokaryotes;B. The Protista represents a conglomeration of very
On examining cells under a microscope, you notice that they occur singly and have no evidence of a nucleus.These cells must belong to _________.A. Domain Eukarya;B. Domain Bacteria;C. Domain
The mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell _________.A. Serve as the cell’s power plants;B. Probably evolved from a prokaryotic ancestor;C. Can live independently of the eukaryotic cell;D. A and B are
Fungi feed by _________.A. Producing their own food with the help of sunlight;B. Chasing and capturing other living organisms;C. Growing on their food source and secreting chemicals to break it
Which of the following is/are always true?A. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell;B. Viruses are not surrounded by a membrane;C. Viruses are not made up of cells;D. A and C are correct;E. A,
Phylogenies are created based on the principle that all species descending from a recent common ancestor _________.A. Should be identical;B. Should share characteristics that evolved in that
Unless handled properly by living systems, oxygen can be quite damaging to cells. Imagine an ancient nucleated cell that ingests an oxygen-using bacterium. In an environment where oxygen levels are
Imagine you have found an organism that has never been described by science. The organism, made up of several hundred cells, feeds by anchoring itself to a submerged rock and straining single-celled
Support for the endosymbiotic theory for the evolution of eukaryotic groups includes that chloroplasts and mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes, one that derives presumably from the bacterial

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