Questions and Answers of Biology Science For Life With Physiology

Populations with________ birth rates may experience population cycles of repeated “booms” and “busts.”
Demographic momentum is the tendency for a population to grow in size even after birth rates and death rates become ________.
A population pyramid allows one to calculate the future growth of a population because it contains information about the proportion of the population that is of ________ ________.
An effective way to reduce human population growth rates in a society is to improve the status of________ in that society.
The exponential growth of populations can be challenging to comprehend, in part because exponential increases are not as familiar as simple additive increases. In fact, people often grossly
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the predicted pattern of changes in human population growth rates when death rates fall. Relative birth and death rates High Low Transition
Explain why a decrease in population growth rate is expected as a nonhuman population approaches carrying capacity.
When individuals in a population are evenly spaced throughout their habitat, their dispersion is termed as _________.A. Clumped;B. Uniform;C. Random;D. Excessive;E. Exponential
A population growing exponentially _________.A. Is stable in size;B. Adds a fixed number of individuals every generation;C. Adds a larger number of individuals in each successive generation;D. Will
According to the graph shown here, the carrying capacity for fruit flies in the environment of the culture bottle is _________.A. 0 flies;B. 100 flies;C. 150 flies;D. Between 100 and 150 flies;E.
All of the following are density-dependent factors that can influence population size except _________.A. Weather;B. Food supply; C. waste concentration in the environment;D. Infectious disease;E.
In contrast to nonhuman populations, human population growth rates have begun to decline due to _________.A. Voluntarily increasing death rates;B. Voluntarily decreasing birth rates;C. Involuntary
Populations that rely on stored resources are likely to overshoot the carrying capacity of the environment and consequently experience a(n) _________.A. Demographic momentum;B. Cultural carrying
The current carrying capacity of Earth for the human population may have been inflated by _________.A. Demographic momentum;B. The tendency for women to want to control family size;C. An artificially
Demographic momentum refers to the tendency for _________.A. Low population growth rates to continue to decline;B. High population growth rates to continue to increase;C. Populations to continue to
A researcher captures 50 penguins, marks them with a spot of paint on their bills, and releases them. One month later, the researcher returns, captures another 50 penguins, and notes that only 1 has
Consider a population in which, for every thousand individuals in the population, 25 children are born each year and 27 individuals die. What is the growth rate of this population? Do you expect that
Review the graph shown in question 5 of Learning the Basics. How would you expect the carrying capacity of the population to change if the flies are supplied with more food? What other factors might
At the current rate of species loss, Earth may be experiencing its sixth___________ _________ since the origin of life.
The species-area curve predicts the relationship between the size of a___________ _________ and the number of species it can support.
The trophic pyramid explains why the most endangered organisms in a food chain in an area experiencing habitat destruction are secondary___________ rather than those that are lower on the food chain.
An introduced species can be a threat to native species because it has not___________ with these natives.
Eutrophication leads to fish kills because the large populations of bacteria that result use up the___________ in the water.
An ecological niche is often described as the___________ of a species in a community.
The stinging tentacles of sea anemones provide protection for the clownfish that live within them, and the clownfish chase away predators that would eat the anemone’s tentacles. This relationship
Competition occurs when two species require the same___________ for survival.
A keystone species affects the populations of___________ other species in the same community.
The flow of energy is one way, which explains why there is more___________ at lower levels of the trophic pyramid.
The species-area curve tells us that slowing or halting___________ ___________ will potentially slow the rate of extinction.
An endangered species will recover more quickly if it has a___________ population growth rate.
The genetic variability of a population is measured by the number of___________ found within a population.
Heterozygotes tend to have higher fitness than homozygotes because they are unlikely to have two copies of a___________ allele.
Low genetic diversity may prevent a population from___________ to environmental change.
Mosquitoes spend the first part of their lives in pools of stagnant water, feeding on algae, bacteria, and other microbes. In the water, they are preyed on by dragonflies, fish, and small
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the interacting factors in a declining population that contribute to the extinction vortex. Biomass in mountain lions Biomass in deer
Compare and contrast the species interactions of mutualism, predation, and competition.
A Mass extinction _________.A. Is global in scale;B. Affects many different groups of organisms;C. Is caused only by human activity;D. A and B are correct; E. A, B, and C are correct
Current rates of species extinction appear to be approximately _________ historical rates of extinction.A. Equal to;B. 10 times lower than;C. 10 times higher than;D. 50 to 100 times higher than;E.
According to the generalized species-area curve, when habitat is reduced to 50% of its original size, approximately _________ of the species once present there will be lost.A. 10%;B. 25%;C. 50%;D.
Which cause of extinction results from humans’ direct use of a species?A. Overexploitation;B. Habitat fragmentation;C. Pollution;D. Introduction of competitors or predators;E. Global warming
The web of life refers to the _________.A. Evolutionary relationships among living organisms;B. Connections between species in an ecosystem;C. Complicated nature of genetic variability;D. Flow of
Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?A. Moles catching and eating earthworms from the moles’ underground tunnels;B. Cattails and reed canary grass growing together in
The risks faced by small populations include _________.A. Erosion of genetic variability through genetic drift;B. Decreased fitness of individuals as a result of inbreeding;C. Increased risk of
One advantage of preserving more than one population of an endangered species at more than one location is _________.A. A lower risk of extinction of the entire species if a catastrophe strikes one
There are fewer lions in Africa’s Serengeti than there are zebras. This is principally because _________.A. Zebras tend to drive off lions;B. Lions compete directly with cheetahs, whereas zebras do
Most of the nutrients available for plant growth in an ecosystem are _________.A. Deposited in rain;B. Made available through the recycling of decomposers;C. Maintained within that ecosystem over
Off the coast of the Pacific Northwest, areas dominated by large algae, called kelp, are common. These “kelp forests”provide homes for small plant-eating fishes, clams, and abalone. These animals
In which of the following situations is genetic drift more likely and why?A. A population of 500 in which males compete heavily for harems of females. About 5% of the males father all of the
The piping plover is a small shorebird that nests on beaches in North America. The plover population in the Great Lakes is endangered and consists of only about 60 breeding pairs. Imagine that you
Weather is the temperature and rain or snowfall ____________; the average temperature and rainfall over the course of a year is called ____________.
The tilt of Earth produces the ____________, which are more dramatically different from each other at the poles compared to the equator.
In general, rainfall is greatest near the____________ and lowest at 30° north and south of this line.
Land near large water bodies has____________ winters and____________ summers compared with land at the same latitude that is distant from water.
When there are mountains near a coastline, the area on the far side of the mountains is likely be exceptionally ____________.
Trees are not found in areas where there is little ____________.
Bioaccumulation occurs when pollutants become____________ in animals that are high on the food chain.
Tropical forests have rapid rates of decomposition, so the soil does not contain much ____________ ____________.
The deciduous growth habit, in which plants drop their leaves for part of the year, is an adaptation to low ____________.
Grasses survive grazing (and mowing) because they grow from the ____________.
Human activities lead to eutrophication of water bodies when runoff of____________ and human____________ increases nutrient levels in the water.
The rate of flow and oxygen levels____________ as one moves from the source to the mouth of a river or stream.
Coral reefs are unique among biomes in that their structure is almost entirelydependent on the____________ that make them up.
Freshwater wetlands and estuaries share some similarities in that they bothexperience water-level ____________.
The ecological footprint in the United States is larger than that of the UnitedKingdom because U.S. citizens consume more____________ and ____________.
In the Midwest of the United States, the sun feels hot in July but seems weak and pale in January. The quality of the sunlight is so different that it is tempting to say:The sun is closer to Earth in
Explain why the northern United States experiences a cold season in winter and a warm season in summer.
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates how various factors influence local climate. Lower sun angle = lower average more Windward Leeward Prevailing wind Shorelines are in winter
An ecological footprint _________.A. is the position an individual holds in the ecological food chain;B. estimates the total land area required to support a particular person or human population;C.
Areas of low solar irradiation are _________.A. Closer to the equator than to the poles;B. Closer to the poles than the equator;C. At high altitudes;D. Close to large bodies of water;E. More than one
The solar equator, the region of Earth where the sun is directly overhead, moves from 23.5°N to 23.5°S latitudes and back over the course of a year. Why?A. Earth wobbles on its axis during the
Which of the following biomes is most common on Earth’s land surface?A. Chaparral;B. Desert;C. Temperate forest;D. Tundra;E. Boreal forest
Tundra is found _________.A. Where average temperatures are low and growing seasons are short;B. Near the poles;C. At high altitudes;D. A and B are correct;E. A, B, and C are correct
Which statement best describes the desert biome?A. It is found wherever temperatures are high;B. It contains a larger amount of biomass per unit area than any other biome;C. Its dominant vegetation
Which of the following biomes has a structure made up primarily of the mineral deposits secreted by its dominant organisms?A. Coral reefs;B. Freshwater lakes;C. Rivers;D. Estuaries;E. Oceans
Which of the following actions can reduce humanity’s ecological footprint?A. Reducing our dependence on fossil fuels;B. Reducing meat consumption;C. Living in higher density settlements;D. Better
Consider the following geographic factors and predict both the climate and biome type found in the location described. Explain the reasoning that you used to determine your answer. This small city
One prediction of global climate change models is that significant amounts of melting ice will change the salt content of the ocean, causing the Gulf Stream current in the Atlantic Ocean to stop
What can you infer about the geographical relationship among the cities in the following table and the Cascades, the primary mountain range that influences their climate? City Bend, OR Eugene, OR
Tissues are composed of similar________ with a common function.
Sheets of tissues that line organs and body cavities are________ tissues.
________tissues bind organs and tissues together.
Cardiac, smooth, and________ are types of muscle tissues.
Blood, fat, and bones are all types of________ tissues.
Organs are composed of two or more________ that work together to perform the organs function.
A(n)________ ________ is two or more organs working together to perform required functions in the body.
The liver is part of the________ and the________ systems.
Excesses of the nutrient________ are stored in the liver.
Specialized liver cells called hepatocytes function like a________ to help remove toxins and pathogens from the blood.
________is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.
Negative feedback occurs when the product of the process________ the process.
Insulin is produced in the________ and helps maintain stable blood glucose levels.
When glucose is high, it is combined to form glycogen and stored in the ________.
________feedback promotes change.
Parents facing the decision to take their brain-dead daughter off life support are understandably, overwhelmed, confused, and conflicted. They cling to the hope that their daughter may someday
Describe the four tissue types found in animals.
Name the six types of connective tissues.
Outline the differences between the three separate types of muscle tissue.
Epithelia _________.A. are loosely packed tissues that hold organs in place;B. can be free-floating tissues such as blood; C. line organs and cavities and have one surface exposed;D. include the
Muscle tissues _________.A. contain actin and myosin, whether or not they are striated; B. that facilitate movements requiring conscious thought are involuntary; C. increase in cell number with
Which of the following is not a function of the liver?A. storing bile; B. filtering toxins; C. producing cholesterol; D. storing glycogen

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