Questions and Answers of General Chemistry

Using the following reaction (depicted using molecular models), large quantities of ammonia are burned in the presence of a platinum catalyst to give nitric oxide, as the first step in the
When dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, a white solid, is heated, it decomposes to nitrogen dioxide and oxygen.2N2O5(s) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g)If a sample of N2O5 produces 1.381 g O2, how many grams of NO2 are
Copper metal reacts with nitric acid. Assume that the reaction is3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) → 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)If 5.58 g Cu(NO3)2 is eventually obtained, how many grams of nitrogen monoxide,
Solutions of sodium hypochlorite, NaClO, are sold as a bleach (such as Clorox). They are prepared by the reaction of chlorine with sodium hydroxide.2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) → NaCl(aq) + NaClO(aq) +
Carbon disulfide, CS2, burns in oxygen. Complete combustion gives the balanced reaction that has been depicted here using molecular models.Calculate the grams of sulfur dioxide, SO2, produced when a
Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) is prepared by heating salicylic acid, C7H6O3, with methanol, CH3OH.C7H6O3 + CH3OH → C8H8O3 + H2OIn an experiment, 2.50 g of salicylic acid is reacted with
A titanium ore contains rutile (TiO2) plus some iron oxide and silica. When it is heated with carbon in the presence of chlorine, titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4, is formed.TiO2(s) + C(s) + 2Cl2(g) →
Nitrobenzene, C6H5NO2, an important raw material for the dye industry, is prepared from benzene, C6H6, and nitric acid, HNO3.C6H6(l) 1 HNO3(l) → C6H5NO2(l) + H2O(l)When 21.6 g of benzene and an
A mixture consisting of 11.9 g of calcium fluoride, CaF2, and 12.1 g of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is heated to drive off hydrogen fluoride, HF.CaF2(s) + H2SO4(l) → 2HF(g) + CaSO4(s)What is the maximum
Aluminum metal reacts with iron(III) oxide to produce aluminum oxide and iron metal.a. How many moles of Fe2O3 are required to completely react with 44 g Al?b. How many moles of Fe are produced by
Consider the equation2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2Oa. If 25 g H2SO4 is reacted with 7.7 g KOH, how many grams of K2SO4 are produced?b. For part a of this problem, identify the limiting reactant and
A 3.0-L sample of paint that has a density of 4.65 g/mL is found to contain 33.1 g Pb3N2(s). How many grams of lead were in the paint sample?
Sulfuric acid can be produced by the following sequence of reactions.S8 + 8O2 → 8SO22SO2 + O2 → 2SO3SO3 + H2O → H2SO4You find a source of sulfur that is 65.0% sulfur by mass. How many grams of
Copper reacts with nitric acid according to the following reaction.3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) → 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)If 2.40 g of Cu is added to a container with 2.00 mL of concentrated nitric
A sample of methane gas, CH4(g), is reacted with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water. If 20.0 L of methane (density = 1.82 kg/m3) and 30.0 L of oxygen gas (density = 1.31 kg/m3) are placed
A sample containing only boron and fluorine was decomposed yielding 4.75 mg of boron and 17.5 mL of fluorine gas (density = 1.43 g/L). What is the empirical formula of the sample compound?
Sodium azide, NaN3, undergoes the reaction NaN3(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N2(g). Because this reaction is very fast and produces nitrogen gas, NaN3 is used to inflate airplane escape chutes. Sodium azide can
Dinotrogen monoxide, commonly known as laughing gas, can be obtained by cautiously warming ammonium nitrate according to the equationNH4NO3(s) → N2O(g) + 2H2O(g)If the reaction has a 75% yield,
A mixture of Fe2O3 and FeO was found to contain 72.00% Fe by mass. What is the mass of Fe2O3 in 0.750 g of this mixture?
A power plant is driven by the combustion of a complex fossil fuel having the formula C11H7S. Assume the air supply is composed of only N2 and O2 with a molar ratio of 3.76:1.00, and the N2 remains
Balance the following equations.a. Ca3(PO4)2 + H3PO4 → Ca(H2PO4)2b. MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2Oc. Na2S2O3 + I2 → NaI + Na2S4O6d. Al4C3 + H2O → Al(OH)3 + CH4e. NO2 + H2O → HNO3 +
Aluminum is reacted with oxygen to form a binary compound. Write the balanced chemical reaction and write the name of the compound formed by the reaction.
Elements beyond fermium have been produced by bombarding a target element with a beam of another element. What target element and what beam element were used to produce element 117?
What is the provisional name for the element 117? How is this name arrived at? When would this name be replaced with a permanent name?
A monatomic ion has a charge of +4. The nucleus of the ion has a mass number of 235. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is 1.55 times that of the number of protons. How many electrons are in the
Balance the following equations.a. NaOH + H2CO3 → Na2CO3 + H2Ob. SiCl4 + H2O → SiO2 + HClc. Ca3(PO4)2 + C → Ca3P2 + COd. H2S + O2 → SO2 + H2Oe. N2O5 → NO2 + O2
Name the following molecular compounds.a. ClF4b, CS2c. PF3d. SF6
Name the following molecular compounds.a. AsBr3b. H2Tec. P2O5d. SiO2
Give the formulas for the following compounds.a. Hydrogen peroxideb. Magnesium phosphatec. Lead(IV) phosphided. Calcium carbonate
Name the following compounds.a. Cu(NO2)2b. (NH4)3Pc. K2SO3d. Hg3N2
Name the following compounds.a. Sn3(PO4)2b. NH4NO2c. Mg(OH)2d. NiSO3
Write formulas for all the ionic compounds that can be formed by combinations of these ions: Mg2+, Cr3+, S2–, and NO3–.
Write formulas for all the ionic compounds that can be formed by combinations of these ions: Na+, Co2+, SO42–, and Cl–.
Give the names of the following ions.a. Mn2+b. Ni2+c. Co2+d. Fe3+
Give the names of the following ions.a. Cr3+b. Pb4+c. Ti2+d. Cu2+
Obtain the fractional abundances for the two naturally occurring isotopes of europium. The masses of the isotopes are 151Eu, 150.9196 amu; 153Eu, 152.9209 amu. The atomic weight is 151.9641 amu.
One isotope of a metallic element has mass number 74 and has 51 neutrons in the nucleus. An atomic ion has 18 electrons. Write the symbol for this ion (give the symbol for the nucleus and give the
For the balanced chemical equation Ca(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 → CaCO3 + 2NaNO3, how many oxygen atoms are on the left side?
Write the formulas of the following compounds.a. Diphosphorus pentoxideb. Nitrogen dioxidec. Dinitrogen tetrafluorided. Boron trifluoride
Write the formulas of the following compounds.a. Nitrogen tribromideb. Xenon hexafluoridec. Carbon monoxided. Dichlorine pentoxide
Give systematic names to the following binary compounds.a. N2F2b. CF4 c. N2O5d. As4O6
Give systematic names to the following binary compounds.a. HIb. P2O5c. AsH3d. ClO2
For each of the following binary compounds, decide whether the compound is expected to be ionic or molecular.a H2Ob As4O6c ClF3d Fe2O3
Write the formulas of:a. Sodium thiosulfateb. Copper(II) hydroxidec. Calcium hydrogen carbonated. Chromium(III) phosphide
Write the formulas of:a. Iron(III) phosphateb. Potassium sulfidec. Magnesium carbonated. Manganese(II) sulfite
Name the following compounds.a. CaOb. Mn2O3c. NH4HCO3d. Cu(NO3)2
Name the following compounds.a. Na2SO4b. Na3N c. CuCld. Cr2O3
A sample of ammonia, NH3, contains 1.2 × 1023 hydrogen atoms. How many NH3 molecules are in this sample?
Nitric acid is composed of HNO3 molecules. A sample weighing 4.50 g contains 4.30 × 1022 HNO3 molecules. How many nitrogen atoms are in this sample? How many oxygen atoms are in 61.0 g of nitric
A 4.19-g sample of nitrous oxide (an anesthetic, sometimes called laughing gas) contains 5.73 × 1022 N2O molecules. How many nitrogen atoms are in this sample? How many nitrogen atoms are in 2.67 g
Give one example (atomic symbol and name) for each of the following.a. A main-group (representative) element in the second periodb. A halogenc. A transition element in the fourth periodd. A
Refer to the periodic table (Figure 2.15 or inside front cover) and obtain the group and period for each of the following elements. Also determine whether the element is a metal, nonmetal, or
While roaming a parallel universe, you discover the hypothetical element “Z.” You obtain a representative sample of the element and discover that it is made up of two isotopes, Z-47 and Z-51. To
An atom contains 34 protons and 45 neutrons. What is the nuclide symbol for the nucleus?
What is the nuclide symbol for the nucleus that contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons?
Naturally occurring nitrogen is a mixture of 14N and 15N. Give the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the neutral atom of each isotope.
Give the atomic symbol for each of the following elements.a. Copperb. Calciumc. Mercury d. Tin
For each atomic symbol, give the name of the element.a. Be b. Agc. Sid. C
What is the name of the element represented by each of the following atomic symbols?a. Heb. Hc. Pdd. Sr
For each of the following chemical reactions, write the correct element and/or compound symbols, formulas, and coefficients needed to produce complete, balanced equations. In all cases, the reactants
Washing soda has the formula Na2CO3∙10H2O. What is the chemical name of this substance?
What are the name and formula of the anion corresponding to perbromic acid, HBrO4?
Using the molecular models, name the following chemical compounds: F Se B F F H H b a
Name the following compounds:a. Cl2O6,b. PCl3,c. PCl5.
A compound has the name thallium(III) nitrate. What is its formula? The symbol of thallium is Tl.
Which of the following are polyatomic ions?Which of the following is a false statement regarding polyatomic ions?a. Polyatomic ions must contain two or more atoms in their chemical formula.b.
By referring to the periodic table (Figure 2.15 or inside front cover), identify the group and period to which each of the following elements belongs. Then decide whether the element is a metal,
Consider the elements He, Ne, and Ar. Can you come up with a reason why they are in the same group in the periodic table?
A nucleus consists of 17 protons and 18 neutrons. What is its nuclide symbol?
The solubility of a salt in water depends on a broad range of intermolecular bonding forces. These occur between the particles or ions making up the salt, between the salt’s particles and solvating
Specific gravity is a physical property used in many industrial applications. Broadly speaking, for liquids or solids, it is a unit-less ratio of the substance’s density to the density of water at
The expected outcome for the amount of sugar in a beverage is 32.00 g sugar. Describe the following data sets as accurate and/or precise by selecting “Yes” or “No” in each case. Data Precise?
An expected experimental outcome is 37.45 grams. Describe the following data sets as accurate and/or precise by selecting “Yes” or “No” in each case. Data Accurate? Precise? 38.74, 38.75,
Potassium is a soft, silvery-colored metal that melts at 64°C. It reacts vigorously with water, with oxygen, and with chlorine. Identify all of the physical properties given in this description.
In a series of oil-drop experiments, the charges measured on the oil drops were –4.80 × 10–19 C, –6.40 × 10–19 C, –9.60 × 10–19 C, and –1.28 × 10–18 C. What is the smallest
Give the name and formula of the acid corresponding to each of the following oxoanions.a. Selenite ion, SeO32–b. Chlorite ion, ClO2–c. Hypoiodite ion, IO–d. Nitrate ion, NO3–
Classify each of the following as either an ionic or molecular compound.CH4 Br2 CaCl2 KNO3 CH4O LiFWhich is
A weather balloon filled with helium has a diameter of 3.50 ft. What is the mass in grams of the helium in the balloon at 21°C and normal pressure? The density of helium under these conditions is
How many significant figures are there in each of the following measurements?a. 4.0100 mgb. 0.05930 gc. 0.035 mmd. 3.100 se. 8.91 × 101 Lf. 9.100 × 104 cm
When 11.1 g of marble chips (calcium carbonate) is treated with 54.3 mL of hydrochloric acid (density 1.096 g/mL), the marble dissolves, giving a solution and releasing carbon dioxide gas. The
Prospectors are considering searching for gold on a plot of land that contains 1.31 g of gold per bucket of soil. If the volume of the bucket is 4.67 L, how many grams of gold are there likely to be
At 20°C liquid gasoline gas has a density of 0.75 g/cm3. If a 5.5-mL sample of gasoline is placed into a sealed 3.00-L container at 50°C and allowed to completely evaporate, what will be the
A 47.0-cm3 sample of ocean water has a density of 1025 kg/m3. Assuming all of the solids stay in solution, what will be the density of this water sample in units of g/cm3 after 4.1 mL of water has
The density of liquid water at 80°C is 972 kg/m3 and at 20°C is 998 kg/m3. If you have 200.0 mL of water at 20°C, what volume (mL) will the water occupy at 80°C? Which will contain more water
Catalytic converters are used in automobiles to convert harmful gaseous substances in the exhaust to more benign substances, for example, carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Beads used in these
A 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was estimated to dump as much as 7.6 × 108 L of crude oil into the water. Calculate the volume of this spill in cubic feet.
The density of lead at 20oC is 11.3 g/cm3. Rank the volumes of the following quantities of lead from least to greatest: 50.0 mL, 0.100 qt, 50.0 g, and 0.0250 lb.
On a long trip you travel 832 miles in 21 hours. During this trip, you use 31 gallons of gasoline.a. Calculate your average speed in miles per hour.b. Calculate your average speed in kilometers per
A 124-g sample of a pure liquid, liquid A, with a density of 3.00 g/mL is mixed with a 40.8-mL sample of a pure liquid, liquid B, with a density of 2.00 g/mL. What is the total volume of the mixture?
When the quantity 5 × 10-2 mg is subtracted from 4.7 mg, how many significant figures should be reported in the answer?
The masses of diamonds and gems are measured in carats. A carat is defined as 200 mg. If a jeweler has 384 carats of diamonds, how many grams does she have?
The average flow of the Niagara River is 3.50 km3 per week. What is this volume in liters?
Convert:a. 127 Å to micrometersb. 21.0 kg to milligramsc. 1.09 cm to millimetersd. 4.6 ns to microseconds
Ethyl acetate has a characteristic fruity odor and is used as a solvent in paint lacquers and perfumes. An experiment requires 0.070 kg of ethyl acetate. What volume is this (in liters)? The density
The density of quartz mineral was determined by adding a weighed piece to a graduated cylinder containing 52.2 mL water. After the quartz was submerged, the water level was 67.1 mL. The quartz piece
An aluminum alloy used in the construction of aircraft wings has a density of 2.70 g/cm3. Express this density in SI units (kg/m3).
A graduated cylinder weighed 66.5 g. To the cylinder was added 58.2 g of water and 5.279 g of sodium chloride. What was the total mass of the cylinder and the solution? Express the answer to the
A beaker weighed 50.90 g. To the beaker was added 5.680 g of iron pellets and 53.3 g of hydrochloric acid. What was the total mass of the beaker and the mixture (before reaction)? Express the answer
The population density of worms in a particular field is 33 worms per cubic meter of soil. How many worms would there be in the top meter of soil in a field that has dimensions of 1.00 km by 2.0 km?
A fish tank is 24.2 in. long, 15.9 in. deep, and 14.8 in. high. What is the maximum volume of water, in liters, that the fish tank can hold?

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