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introductory chemistry concepts
Introductory Chemistry Concepts And Critical Thinking 7th Edition Charles Corwin - Solutions
What question can we ask to distinguish a scientific theory from a natural law?
Alchemists believed in a magic potion that had what miraculous power?
Which of the following balances has the least uncertainty?(a) Platform balance, ±0.1 g (b) Triple-beam balance, ±0.01 g (c) Electronic balance, ±0.001 g (d) Analytical balance, ±0.0001 g (e) All balances have the same uncertainty.
According to ancient Chinese beliefs, what two forces were responsible for bringing the earthly world into existence?
What is the difference between ancient chemistry and modern chemistry?
Petrochemicals are derived from which of the following resources? (a) Atmosphere (b) Petroleum (c) Seawater (d) Trees (e) None of the above.
What is the approximate diameter of a 5¢ nickel coin?
Why would a student at first find a chemistry problem difficult to solve when later the solution seems easy and obvious?
What can a student do to eliminate an unconscious assumption regarding chemistry being a difficult subject.
State the number of significant digits in a mass of 0.050 g.(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) None of the above.
According to the Greek philosopher Thales in 600 B.C., what single element composed earth, air, and space?
Is it possible to have different perceptions of a single visual image?
Which measurements are consistent with the metric rulers shown in Figure PSS.2? (a) Ruler A: 1.5 cm, 1.50 cm, 1.55 cm, 1.6 cm, 2.00 cm (b) Ruler B: 0.5 cm, 0.50 cm, 0.055 cm, 0.75 cm, 0.100 cmFigure PSS.2 Ruler A0 Ruler B 1 2 2 Metallic rectangular solid 3 3 -10 -10 6 -6 7 EN 7 8 -00 8 -a 9 9 10
What quantity (length, mass, volume, time) is expressed by the following units?(a) Centimeter (b) Gram(c) Milliliter (d) Second.
What high-tech instrument is capable of making an exact measurement?
Round off the following measurement to three significant digits: 7268 mL.(a) 720 mL (b) 726 mL (c) 727 mL (d) 7260 mL (e) 7270 mL.
Which measurements are consistent with the metric rulers shown in Figure PSS.2? (a) Ruler A: 2 cm, 2.0 cm, 2.05 cm, 2.5 cm, 2.50 cm (b) Ruler B: 3.0 cm, 3.3 cm, 3.33 cm, 3.35 cm, 3.50 cmFigure PSS.2 Ruler A0 Ruler B0 1 -N 2 -N 2 Metallic rectangular solid 3 -m 3 15 6 6 -7 -7 -00 8 8 00 9 10 cm 10
According to the Greek philosopher Empedocles in 450 B.C., what four basic elements composed everything in nature?
Stare at the box until your first perception changes to a second view. If you cannot see the second perception, stare at the red dot and mentally “push and pull” the dot.
What quantity (length, mass, volume, time) is expressed by the following units?(a) Meter (b) Kilogram(c) Liter (d) Millisecond.
State the number of significant digits in the following measurements: (a) 2005 cm (b) 25.000 g (c) 25.0 mL (d) 0.25 s.
What type of measurement is exact?
Add 55.5 cm to 0.50 cm and round off the answer.(a) 56 cm (b) 56.0 cm (c) 56.05 cm (d) 56.1 cm (e) 57 cm.
According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle in 350 B.C., what five basic elements composed everything in nature?
State the number of significant digits in the following measurements:(a) 12,345 cm (b) 0.123 g (c) 0.5 mL (d) 102.0 s.
Which of the following measurements corresponds to metric Ruler A shown in Figure PSS.2?(a) 5.0 cm (b) 5.00 cm (c) 5.05 cm (d) 0.5 cm.Figure PSS.2 Ruler AO Ruler B -N Metallic rectangular solid -3. 3 - -10 5 -10 6 T EN 7 -00 00 8 -O 19 10 cm 10 cm
Chemists note the periodic table is arranged by the number of positive charges in an atom (that is, hydrogen (1), helium (2), lithium (3), etc.) and propose the chemical evolution of elements. Is chemical evolution an example of a scientific theory or a natural law?
State the number of significant digits in the following measurements: (a) 0.050 cm (b) 0.055 g (c) 50.00 mL (d) 1000 s.
What type of measurement has infinite significant digits?
Multiply 7.2 cm by 3.75 cm by 1.555 cm and round off the answer.(a) 41.9 cm3 (b) 41.99 cm3 (c) 42 cm3 (d) 42.0 cm3 (e) 42.00 cm3.
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Which of the following measurements corresponds to metric Ruler B shown in Figure PSS.2?(a) 2.0 cm (b) 2.00 cm (c) 2.05 cm (d) 0.5 cm.Figure PSS.2 Ruler A O Ruler B -~ Metallic rectangular solid -3. 3 - -10 5 -10 9 T EN 7 00 8 00 -a 10 cm 10 cm
State the number of significant digits in the following measurements: (a) 0.0025 cm (b) 0.2050 g (c) 250 mL (d) 2500 s.
Round off the following numbers to three significant digits:(a) 22.250 (b) 0.34548 (c) 0.072038 (d) 12,267.
Biologists note Darwin’s principle of natural selection (“survival of the fittest”) and propose the biological evolution of species. Is biological evolution an example of a scientific theory or a natural law?
Round off the following numbers to three significant digits: (a) 12.514748 (b) 0.6015261 (c) 192.49032 (d) 14652.832.
How many significant digits are in the exact number 155?
Express 5.55 x 10-2 as an ordinary number.(a) 0.055 5 (b) 0.005 55 (c) 0.000 555 (d) 5,550 (e) None of the above.
What is the second step in the scientific method?
Which of the following measurements corresponds to the electronic balance shown in Figure PSS.2?(a) 75 g(b) 75.0 g(c) 75.22 g(d) 75.518 g.Figure PSS.2 Ruler AO Ruler B -N Metallic rectangular solid -3 3 - -10 5 -10 6 T EN 7 -00 8 00 -a 10 cm 10 cm
Add or subtract the following measurements and round off your answer: (a) 106.7 g + 0.25 g + 0.195 g (b) 35.45 mL - 30.5 mL.
Add or subtract the following measurements and round off your answer: (a) 8.6 cm + 50.05 cm (b) 34.1 s - 0.55 s.
When adding or subtracting measurements, which measurement in a set of data limits the answer?
Express 55,500,000,000,000,000,000,000 in scientific notation.(a) 5.55 x 10-22 (b) 5.55 x 10-23 (c) 5.55 x 1022 (d) 5.55 x 1023 (e) None of the above.
What is the third step in the scientific method?
Multiply or divide the following measurements and round off your answer: (a) 50.5 cm x 12 cm (b) 103.37 g/20.5 mL.
Which of the following measurements corresponds to the electronic balance shown in Figure PSS.2?(a) 25 g (b) 25.0 g (c) 25.00 g (d) 25.000 g.Figure PSS.2 Ruler A O Ruler B -N Metallic rectangular solid -3 3 - -10 5 -10 6 T EN 7 -00 x- 8 -a 10 cm 10 cm
Multiply or divide the following measurements and round off your answer.(a) 359 cm x 0.20 cm (b) 73.950 g/25.5 mL.
When multiplying or dividing measurements, which measurement in a set of data limits the answer?
When using a scientific calculator to perform multistep multiplication or division, is it better to round off after each step, or round off the final answer in the calculator display?
Divide the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) 26.0 cm2/10.1 cm (b) 9.95 cm3/0.15 cm2 (c) 131.78 cm3/19.25 cm (d) 131.78 cm3/19.2 cm.
Who is the founder of the scientific method?
Express each of the following ordinary numbers as a power of 10: (a) 100,000 (b) 0.000 000 01.
Express each of the following ordinary numbers as a power of 10: (a) 10,000,000 (b) 0.000 000 000 001.
Which of the following lengths is less: 1 x 103 cm or 1 x 10-3 cm?
The mass of an alpha particle is 6.64 x 10-24 g, and the mass of a beta particle is 9.11 x 10-28 g. Which is heavier: an alpha particle or a beta particle?
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number: (a) 1 x 104 (b) 1 x 10-9.
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number: (a) 1 x 1010 (b) 1 x 10-5.
Which of the following masses is less: 0.000 001 g or 0.000 01 g?
An ounce of aluminum has a mass of 28.4 g, and an ounce of silver weighs 31.1 g. Which is heavier: an ounce of aluminum or an ounce of silver?
Express each of the following values in scientific notation: (a) There are 26,800,000,000,000,000,000,000 helium atoms in a 1-liter balloon filled with helium gas. (b) The mass of one helium atom is 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 006 65 g.
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) 20 cm (b) 200 g (c) 0.002 mL (d) 0.0002 s.
Express each of the following values as ordinary numbers: (a) The mass of one mercury atom is 3.33 x 10-22 g. (b) The number of atoms in 1 mL of liquid mercury is 4.08 x 1022.
Which of the following masses is greater: 1 x 10-6 g or 0.000 01 g?
Which of the following statements is a natural law?(a) The total mass of reacting substances remains constant after reaction.(b) The total energy of two gas molecules remains constant after colliding.(c) The volumes of two gases combine in the ratio of small whole numbers.(d) The nucleus of an atom
Express each of the following scientific notation values as an ordinary number. (a) 1.75 x 103 (b) 2.88 x 10-2.
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) 500 cm (b) 5000 g (c) 0.05 mL (d) 0.005 s.
Express each of the following scientific notation values as an ordinary number. (a) 7.11 x 105 (b) 8.23 x 10-4.
Express the following as an ordinary number: 1.55 x 100 cm.
Which of the following statements is a scientific theory?(a) The energy in an atomic nucleus is found by E = mc2.(b) There is the same number of molecules in equal volumes of gases.(c) If the temperature of a gas doubles, the pressure doubles.(d) The region surrounding the nucleus has negative
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) 0.5 cm (b) 1055 g (c) 1.2 x 100 mL (d) 4.50 x 101 s.
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) 5.0 cm (b) 5.05 g (c) 5.02 x 10-1 mL (d) 1.0 x 10-2 s.
Who is the founder of modern chemistry?
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) 5.00 cm (b) 5005 g (c) 1 x 10-1 mL (d) 1.0 x 10-2 s.
State five professions that require a training in chemistry.
State the number of significant digits in each of the following:(a) 0.5 cm (b) 0.50 g (c) 1.00 x 101 mL (d) 1.000 x 103 s.
State five industries in which chemistry plays an important role.
Round off the following to three significant digits:(a) 10.25 (b) 10.20 (c) 0.01029 (d) 10,248.
It is possible to solve the nine-dot problem with one straight, continuous line. Solve the problem and identify the unconscious assumption.
It is possible to solve the nine-dot problem with three straight, continuous lines. Solve the problem and identify the unconscious assumption.
Round off the following to three significant digits:(a) 20.155 (b) 0.204 500 (c) 2055 (d) 0.2065.
Which of the line segments in the image below appears to be longer, AB or BC? A B
Round off the following to three significant digits:(a) 9.123 x 105 (b) 9.456 x 1010(c) 9.000 x 10-7 (d) 9.075 x 10-12.
Stare at the image below and attempt to “flip” the stack of blocks upside down. If you cannot see a second perception, stare at the point where the three blocks come together and mentally pull the point toward you.
Round off the following to three significant digits:(a) 1.454 x 101 (b) 1.455 x 102(c) 1.508 x 10-3 (d) 1.503 x 10-4.
Add the following measurements and round off the answer:(a)(b) 1.55 cm 36.15 cm + 17.3 cm
Add the following measurements and round off the answer:(a)(b) 0.4g 0.44 g + 0.444 g
Subtract the following measurements and round off the answer:(a)(b) 22.10 cm - 10.5 cm
Subtract the following measurements and round off the answer:(a)(b) 242.167 g 175 g
Multiply the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) 1.25 cm x 0.5 cm (b) 2.55 cm x 1.1 cm (c) 12.0 cm2 x 1.00 cm (d) 22.1 cm2 x 0.75 cm.
Multiply the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) 3.65 cm x 2.10 cm (b) 8.75 cm x 1.15 cm (c) 16.5 cm x 1.7 cm (d) 21.1 cm x 20 cm.
Divide the following measurements and round off the answer:(a) 66.3 g/7.5 mL (b) 12.5 g/4.1 mL (c) 42.620 g/10.0 mL (d) 91.235 g/10.00 mL.
Express each of the following products as a power of 10:(a) 10 x 10 x 10 (b) 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/10.
Express each of the following products as a power of 10:(a) 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 (b) 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/10 x 1/10.
Express each of the following products in exponential form:(a) 2 x 2 x 2 (b) 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2.
Express each of the following products in exponential form:(a) 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 (b) 1/3 x 1/3 x 1/3 x 1/3.
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number:(a) 1 x 103 (b) 1 x 10–7.
Express each of the following powers of 10 as an ordinary number:(a) 1 x 1012 (b) 1 x 10-22.
Express each of the following ordinary numbers as a power of 10:(a) 1,000,000,000 (b) 0.000 000 01.
Express each of the following ordinary numbers as a power of 10:(a) 100,000,000,000,000,000 (b) 0.000 000 000 000 001.
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