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introductory chemistry concepts
Introductory Chemistry Concepts And Critical Thinking 7th Edition Charles Corwin - Solutions
Refer to the periodic table and predict which of the following elements is an example of a semimetal. (a) Al (b) Ca (c) Te (d) Ti (e) Zn. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
Which physical state is described as having a variable shape and does not compress significantly?
Indicate the physical state for each of the following elements at 25 °C and normal pressure. Classify each element as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal: (a) Barium (b) Boron (c) Bismuth (d) Bromine
Write the chemical formula for vitamin B6, which is composed of 8 carbon atoms, 11 hydrogen atoms, 1 nitrogen atom, and 3 oxygen atoms.
Examine the model for vitamin C and determine the molecular formula. In the model shown, the black sphere = C atom, white = H atom, and red = O atom.
Alum, Al2(SO4)3, is used in styptic pencils to stop minor bleeding. What is the number of atoms in the chemical formula of alum? (a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 17 (e) 21.
Which physical state is described as having particles closely packed and held rigidly in position?
State the total number of atoms in a molecule of vitamin B3, C6H6N2O.
Write the chemical formula for nitroglycerin if a molecule is composed of 3 carbon atoms, 5 hydrogen atoms, 3 oxygen atoms, and 3 NO2 units.
State the total number of atoms in a molecule of nitroglycerin, C3H5O3(NO2)3.
Which of the following properties of gasoline is a chemical property? (a) Colorless liquid (b) Burns with air (c) Density, 0.70 g/mL (d) Boiling point, 97 °C (e) Insoluble in water.
Which physical state is described as having particles closely packed and free to move around?
State the total number of atoms in a molecule of glycerin, C3H5(OH)3.
Classify each of the following as a physical property or a chemical property. (a) Water appears hard and crystalline at 0 °C.(b) Water is insoluble in gasoline. (c) Water is a very weak conductor of electricity. (d) Water produces a gas with sodium metal.
Copper melts at 1083 °C, has a density of 8.92 g/mL, is a good conductor of electricity, and turns black when heated. Which of these is an example of a chemical property?
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? (a) Condensation (b) Crystallization (c) Oxidation (d) Sublimation (e) None of the above.
Supply the term that describes each of the following changes of physical state. (a) Gas to liquid (b) Liquid to solid.
Classify each of the following as a physical property or a chemical property. (a) Water appears colorless and odorless at 20 °C. (b) Water dissolves sugar crystals. (c) Water produces a gas with calcium metal. (d) Water exists as ice at -10 °C.
Classify each of the following as a physical change or a chemical change. (a) Freezing water in a refrigerator makes cubes of ice. (b) Adding silver nitrate to tap water gives a cloudy solution. (b) Burning sulfur gives a light blue flame. (d) Grinding aspirin tablets produces a powder.
An Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolves in water and produces gas bubbles. Is this an example of a physical change or a chemical chang
If 2.43 g of magnesium burns in oxygen to produce 4.03 g of magnesium oxide, what is the mass of reacting oxygen gas? (a) 1.60 g (b) 2.43 g (c) 4.03 g (d) 6.46 g (e) Impossible to predict from the given information.
Supply the term that describes each of the following changes of physical state. (a) Solid to liquid (b) Liquid to gas.
Classify each of the following as a physical change or a chemical change. (a) Touching a lit candle to hydrogen soap bubbles gives an explosion. (b) Heating water in a flask produces moisture on the glass. (c) Combining two colorless solutions gives a yellow solid. (d) Pouring vinegar on baking
If 0.654 g of zinc metal reacts with 0.321 g of yellow powdered sulfur, what is the mass of the zinc sulfide produced?
Heating 1.000 g copper metal with yellow sulfur produces 1.252 g of black copper sulfide. What is the mass of sulfur that reacted with the copper metal?
What happens to the kinetic energy of gas molecules when a gas is cooled? (a) Kinetic energy increases (b) Kinetic energy decreases (c) Kinetic energy remains constant (d) Kinetic energy depends on the gas (e) None of the above.
Indicate whether the following changes of physical state require heating or cooling. (a) Gas to liquid (b) Liquid to solid.
In an experiment, 2.430 g of magnesium metal was ignited and burned with oxygen in the air. If 4.030 g of white magnesium oxide powder, MgO, was collected, what was the mass of oxygen gas that reacted?
A steel cylinder containing air is heated from 25 °C to 50 °C. State the change in each of the following: (a) Kinetic energy of the gas (b) Motion of air molecules.
What happens to the kinetic energy and velocity of air molecules when the temperature increases?
A nuclear power plant uses radioactive uranium to convert water to steam. The steam drives a turbine that turns a generator to produce electricity. What two forms of energy are represented by the uranium and the steam? (a) Chemical energy and mechanical energy (b) Chemical energy and heat
Indicate whether the following changes of physical state require heating or cooling. (a) Solid to liquid (b) Liquid to gas.
A balloon filled with helium gas is cooled from 25 °C to -25 °C. State the change in each of the following: (a) Kinetic energy of the gas (b) Motion of helium atoms.
If 1250 kcal of heat are required to vaporize a sample of water, how much energy is released when the steam condenses to water, at 100 °C?
Identify the physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) that corresponds to each of the following illustrations. (a) (b) (c) 298
Which of the following involves more heat energy: (a) Heating 10.0 g of alcohol from 20 °C to 50 °C;(b) Cooling 10.0 g of alcohol from 50 °C to 20 °C?
State whether the process of deposition requires heating or cooling.
If 5.50 kcal of heat are required to melt an ice cube, how much energy is released when freezing the water to ice, at 0 °C?
Identify two forms of energy that are involved in each of the following devices: (a) Flashlight (b) Solar calculator (c) Lead–acid battery.
Which of the following is not a basic form of energy: chemical, electrical, heat, light, mechanical, nuclear, solar?
Identify two forms of energy that are involved in each of the following conversions: (a) Radioactive emissions vaporize water to steam. (b) Steam drives a turbine. (c) A turbine spins and drives an electrical generator.
Classify each of the following as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture. (a) Iron ore (b) Iron oxide (c) Iron metal (d) Iron alloy.
Classify the mineral (photo) and molecule (model) of sulfur as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture.
State whether the process of sublimation requires heating or cooling.
Examine the model for aspirin and determine the molecular formula. In the model shown, the black sphere = C atom, white = H atom, and red = O atom.
Classify each of the following as an element, compound, or mixture. (a) Iron metal (b) Oxygen gas (c) Iron oxide (d) Iron ore.
Is ice floating in water an example of a heterogeneous or a homogeneous mixture?
Classify each of the following as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture. (a) Copper wire (b) Copper ore (c) Copper oxide (d) Brass alloy.
Which of the following compounds has physical and chemical properties similar to cobalt metal: CoO, Co2O3, or Co(NO3)3?
Classify each of the following as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture. (a) Silver bar (b) Silver ore (c) Silver oxide (d) Silver alloy.
Using a playground swing as an example, when is the potential energy minimum and the kinetic energy maximum?
Write the chemical symbol for each of the following elements. (a) Lithium (b) Argon (c) Magnesium (d) Manganese (e) Beryllium (f) Silicon (g) Mercury (h) Titanium.
Using a roller coaster as an example, when is the potential energy maximum and the kinetic energy minimum?
Write the chemical symbol for each of the following elements. (a) Strontium (b) Xenon (c) Oxygen (d) Zinc (e) Fluorine (f) Sodium (g) Copper (h) Nickel.
Refer to the periodic table and find the atomic number for each of the following. (a) Hydrogen (b) Boron (c) Aluminum (d) Titanium (e) Arsenic (f) Strontium (g) Tin (h) Bismuth.
Is the law of conservation of mass violated if the Sun converts 7.00 tons of hydrogen into only 6.95 tons of helium.
Write the name of the element for each of the following chemical symbols. (a) P (b) S (c) Kr (d) Fe (e) Sb (f) N (g) Pt (h) Ag.
Refer to the periodic table and find the atomic number for each of the following. (a) Helium (b) Carbon (c) Potassium (d) Copper (e) Selenium (f) Silver (g) Lead (h) Radon. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
Which conservation law explains the mass difference for the conversion reaction of hydrogen to helium?
Write the name of the element for each of the following chemical symbols. (a) Cl (b) Ne (c) Cd (d) Ge (e) Co (f) Ra (g) Cr (h) Te.
State whether each of the following properties is more typical of a metal or a nonmetal. (a) Shiny luster (b) Low melting point (c) Malleable (d) Reacts with metals and nonmetals.
State whether each of the following properties is more typical of a metal or a nonmetal. (a) Dense solid (b) Low boiling point (c) Ductile (d) Reacts with metals.
Refer to the periodic table and classify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal. (a) H (b) He (c) Hf (d) Ho. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
State whether each of the following properties is more typical of a metal or a nonmetal. (a) Dull powder (b) Colorless gas (c) High density (d) Reacts with metals.
Refer to the periodic table and classify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal. (a) C (b) Ca (c) Cl (d) Cu. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
Refer to the periodic table and classify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal. (a) Boron (b) Barium (c) Beryllium (d) Bismuth. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
State whether each of the following properties is more typical of a metal or a nonmetal. (a) Shiny solid (b) Brittle solid (c) Low density (d) Forms alloys.
Refer to the periodic table and classify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal. (a) Argon (b) Antimony (c) Arsenic (d) Astatine. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
Refer to the periodic table and indicate the physical state for each of the following elements at 25 °C and normal pressure. (a) N (b) Na (c) Ne (d) Ni. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
Refer to the periodic table and indicate the physical state for each of the following elements at 25 °C and normal pressure. (a) S (b) Se (c) Si (d) Sn. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
Refer to the periodic table and indicate the physical state for each of the following elements at 25 °C and normal pressure. (a) Hydrogen (b) Titanium (c) Fluorine (d) Bromine. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
Refer to the periodic table and indicate the physical state for each of the following elements at 25 °C and normal pressure. (a) Helium (b) Manganese (c) Iodine (d) Mercury. 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
State the composition for a molecule of each of the following compounds. (a) Cholesterol, C27H46O (b) Quinine, C20H24N2O2.
State the composition for a molecule of each of the following vitamins. (a) Vitamin B1, C12H17Cl2N4OS (b) Vitamin B2, C17H20N4O6.
Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds. (a) Lysine (an amino acid): 6 carbon, 14 hydrogen, 2 nitrogen, and 2 oxygen atoms (b) Methionine (an amino acid): 5 carbon, 11 hydrogen, 1 nitrogen, 2 oxygen, and 1 sulfur atom.
Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds. (a) Vitamin A: 20 carbon, 30 hydrogen, and 1 oxygen atom (b) Vitamin K: 31 carbon, 46 hydrogen, and 2 oxygen atoms.
What is the total number of atoms in a molecule of each of the following compounds? (a) Citric acid (in citrus fruit), C3H4OH(COOH)3 (b) Lactic acid (in sore muscles), C2H4(OH)COOH.
What is the total number of atoms in a molecule of each of the following compounds? (a) Stearic acid (in animal fat), CH3(CH2)16COOH (b) Triolein (in vegetable oil), C3H5(C17H33COO)3.
The mass ratio of H:O in a bottle of water is 1:8. Predict the mass ratio of water in ten bottles of water.
The mass ratio of C:H:O in natural vitamin C found in rose hips is 9:1:12. Predict the mass ratio of synthetic vitamin C synthesized in the laboratory.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical property of copper. (a) Shiny metallic luster (b) High melting point (c) Conducts heat (d) Reacts with oxygen.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical property of gold. (a) Yellow color (b) High density (c) Conducts electricity (d) Reacts with nitric acid.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical property. (a) Manganese bubbles in acid. (b) Silver is malleable. (c) Calcium turns dark in air. (d) Carbon grinds to a powder.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical property. (a) Titanium is ductile. (b) Zinc generates a gas in acid. (c) Yellow phosphorus ignites in air. (d) Chromium conducts heat.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical property. (a) Electricity decomposes water. (b) Ice floats on water. (c) Potassium metal fizzes in water. (d) Acetone dissolves in water.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical property. (a) Ether is flammable. (b) Bromine is a reddish-orange liquid. (c) Ethanol vaporizes at 78 °C. (d) Steam condenses to water at 100 °C.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical property. (a) Iron oxidizes to rust. (b) Dry ice undergoes sublimation. (c) Lithium metal turns gray in air. (d) Plutonium radioactively decays.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical property. (a) Sugar ferments to ethanol. (b) Ethanol dissolves in gasoline. (c) Ethylene glycol freezes at -12 °C. (d) Ethanol burns with a light blue flame.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical change. (a) Burning (b) Condensing (c) Freezing (d) Rusting.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical change. (a) Combustion (b) Vaporization (c) Sublimation (d) Oxidation.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical change. (a) Cutting aluminum foil (b) Caramelizing sugar (c) Adding air to a tire (d) Igniting a sparkler.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical change. (a) Slicing an orange into wedges (b) Fermenting apples into apple cider (c) Grinding sugar crystals into powder (d) Digesting carbohydrates for energy.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical change. (a) Zinc metal produces a colorless gas in acid. (b) Nickel alloys with copper in a 5¢ coin. (c) Liquid helium boils at -269 °C. (d) Sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical change. (a) Steam condenses and freezes tos ice. (b) Hydrogen and oxygen gases explode. (c) Bromine vaporizes to a brown gas. (d) Sodium metal changes to a white powder.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical change. (a) Mercury liquid cools to a silvery solid. (b) Natural gas burns with a blue flame. (c) Ammonia and copper solution turns deep-blue. (d) Sugar crystals dissolve in water.
State whether each of the following is a physical or a chemical change. (a) Baking soda fizzes in vinegar. (b) Vinegar and oil separate into two layers. (c) A flaming wood log releases heat. (d) A helium balloon decreases in size.
If 1.00 g of gray zinc powder reacts with 0.49 g of yellow sulfur powder, what is the mass of the zinc sulfide product?
If 5.00 g of gray iron powder reacts with 2.77 g of red phosphorus powder, what is the mass of the iron phosphide product?
If 10.11 g of limestone decomposes by heat to give 8.51 g of solid calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas, what is the mass of carbon dioxide produced?
If 0.750 g of orange mercury oxide decomposes to 0.695 g of liquid mercury and oxygen gas, what is the mass of oxygen produced?
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