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introductory chemistry concepts

Questions and Answers of Introductory Chemistry Concepts

If 0.500 mol of yellow powder sulfur reacts with 0.750 mol of oxygen gas, what is the empirical formula of the sulfur oxide?
Ethylene dibromide was banned as a grain pesticide in 1983 because it was found to accumulate in groundwater. Laboratory tests showed EDB to be a carcinogen that causes reproductive disorders in test
Refer to the periodic table and calculate the molar mass for each of the following.(a) Iron(II) acetate, Fe(C2H3O2)2(b) Iron(II) phosphate, Fe3(PO4)2(c) Tribromine octaoxide,
The empirical formula for fructose, or fruit sugar, is CH2O. If the molar mass of fructose is 180 g/mol, find the actual molecular formula for the sugar.
If the molecular formula of hydrogen peroxide is H2O2, what is the empirical formula?
Calculate the mass in grams for each of the following.(a) 2.95 x 1023 atoms of mercury, Hg(b) 1.16 x 1022 molecules of nitrogen, N2(c) 5.05 x 1021 formula units of barium chloride, BaCl2.
Calculate the mass in grams for each of the following.(a) 1.21 x 1024 atoms krypton, Kr(b) 6.33 x 1022 molecules of dinitrogen oxide, N2O(c) 4.17 x 1021 formula units of magnesium perchlorate,
Calculate the number of particles in each of the following.(a) 1.50 g potassium, K(b) 0.470 g oxygen, O2(c) 0.555 g silver chlorate, AgClO3.
Calculate the number of particles in each of the following.(a) 7.57 g platinum, Pt(b) 3.88 g ethane, C2H6(c) 0.152 g aluminum chloride, AlCl3.
Calculate the mass in grams for a single particle of the following.(a) Lithium, Li(b) Silicon, Si(c) Sulfur dioxide, SO2(d) Nitrous oxide, N2O.
Calculate the mass in grams for a single particle of the following.(a) Sodium, Na(b) Germanium, Ge(c) Sulfur trioxide, SO3(d) Nitric oxide, NO.
State standard conditions for a gas in degrees Celsius and atmospheres.
State standard conditions for a gas in Kelvin units and atmospheres.
Calculate the density for each of the following gases at STP.(a) Argon, Ar(b) Fluorine, F2(c) Methane, CH4(d) Propane, C3H8.
Calculate the density for each of the following gases at STP.(a) Xenon, Xe(b) Chlorine, Cl2(c) Ethane, C2H6(d) Butane, C4H10.
Calculate the molar mass for each of the following gases given the STP density.(a) Oxygen, 1.43 g/L(b) Phosphine, 1.52 g/L(c) Nitrous oxide, 1.97 g/L(d) Freon-12, 5.40 g/L.
Given 1 mol of each gas listed, complete the following table. Gas nitrogen, N₂ oxygen, O₂2 nitrogen dioxide, NO₂ Molecules Mass STP Volume
Calculate the molar mass for each of the following gases given the STP density.(a) Ozone, 2.14 g/L(b) Silane, 1.43 g/L(c) Nitric oxide, 1.34 g/L(d) Freon-22, 3.86 g/L.
Given 1 mol of each gas listed, complete the following table. Gas nitrogen, N₂ hydrogen, H₂ nitrogen ammonia, NH3 Molecules Mass STP Volume
Calculate the number of molecules in each of the following gases at STP.(a) 0.150 g of carbon monoxide, CO(b) 100.0 mL of hydrogen, H2.
Calculate the number of molecules in each of the following gases at STP.(a) 2.75 g of nitrogen monoxide, NO(b) 70.5 mL of ammonia, NH3.
Calculate the mass in grams for each of the following gases at STP.(a) 1.05 L of hydrogen sulfide, H2S(b) 5.42 x 1022 molecules of propane, C3H8.
Calculate the mass in grams for each of the following gases at STP.(a) 5.33 L of dinitrogen trioxide, N2O3(b) 1.82 x 1023 molecules of butane, C4H10.
In an experiment, 1.550 g of mercury oxide decomposed to give oxygen gas and 1.435 g of liquid mercury. What is the empirical formula of the mercury oxide?
In an experiment, 0.500 g of tin reacted with nitric acid to give tin oxide. If the oxide had a mass of 0.635 g, what is the empirical formula of the tin oxide?
In an experiment, 0.500 g of nickel reacted with air to give 0.704 g of nickel oxide. What is the empirical formula of the nickel oxide?
The percent composition of copper chloride is 64.1% Cu and 35.9% Cl. Calculate the empirical formula.
The percent composition of vanadium oxide is 68.0% V and 32.0% O. Calculate the empirical formula.
The percent composition of tin bromide is 42.6% Sn and 57.4% Br. Calculate the empirical formula.
The percent composition of bismuth oxide is 89.7% Bi and 10.3% O. Calculate the empirical formula.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common solvent used to degrease machine parts. Calculate the empirical formula for TCE if the percent composition is 18.25% C, 0.77% H, and 80.99% Cl.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a liniment for horses and has been used in the treatment of arthritis for humans. Calculate the empirical formula for DMSO, given that the percent composition is 30.7% C,
Aspirin has a molar mass of 180 g/mol. If the empirical formula is C9H8O4, what is the molecular formula of aspirin?
Quinine is used to treat malaria and has a molar mass of 325 g/mol. If the empirical formula is C10H12NO, what is the molecular formula of quinine?
Adipic acid is used to manufacture nylon. If the molar mass is 147 g/mol and the empirical formula is C3H5O2, what is the molecular formula of the compound?
Hexamethylene diamine is used to make nylon. If the molar mass is 115 g/mol and the empirical formula is C3H8N, what is the molecular formula of the compound?
Ethylene glycol is used as permanent antifreeze. If the molar mass is 62 g/mol and the percent composition is 38.7% C, 9.74% H, and 51.6% O, what is the molecular formula of ethylene glycol?
Dioxane is a common solvent for plastics. If the molar mass is 88 g/mol and the percent composition is 54.5% C, 9.15% H, and 36.3% O, what is the molecular formula of dioxane?
Lindane is an insecticide. If the molar mass is 290 g/mol and the percent composition of 24.8% C, 2.08% H, and 73.1% Cl, what is the molecular formula of lindane?
Mercurous chloride is a fungicide. If the molar mass is 470 g/mol and the percent composition is 85.0% Hg and 15.0% Cl, what is the molecular formula of mercurous chloride?
Nicotine has a molar mass of 160 g/mol. If the percent composition is 74.0% C, 8.70% H, and 17.3% N, what is the molecular formula of nicotine?
Allose is a sugar with a molar mass of 180 g/mol. If the percent composition is 40.0% C, 6.72% H, and 53.3% O, what is the molecular formula of allose?
In 1871, Mendeleev predicted the undiscovered element ekasilicon. In 1886, the element was discovered in Germany and was given the name germanium. If 0.500 g of germanium reacts with chlorine gas to
In 1871, Mendeleev predicted the undiscovered element ekaaluminum. In 1875, the element was discovered in Gaul (France) and was given the name gallium. If 0.500 g of gallium reacts with oxygen gas to
By rubbing the Lincoln profile on a penny coin, a student removed just enough mass to be detected by an electronic balance, 0.0001 g. How many copper atoms were rubbed off the coin?
A quadrillion, 1 x 1015, is the approximate number of red blood cells in 50,000 people. Which is greater: a quadrillion red blood cells or the number of nickel atoms in a 5-g nickel coin?
The mass of Earth is 6 x 1024 kg, and an average rodent mole has a mass of 100 g. Which weighs more, Earth or a mole of furry moles?
State whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water.(a) Aluminum nitrate, Al(NO3)3 (b) Lead(II) chromate, PbCrO4.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction of nitric acid with aqueous lithium hydroxide to give aqueous lithium nitrate and water.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following double-replacement reactions.(a) Aqueous barium chloride is added to a potassium chromate solution.(b) Aqueous strontium acetate is
Write a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH, with oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water.
Identify the insoluble product from the reaction of silver nitrate and sodium chloride.
State whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water.(a) Lead(II) acetate or Pb(C2H3O2)2(b) Zinc phosphate or Zn3(PO4)2.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction of acetic acid with aqueous ammonium hydroxide to give aqueous ammonium acetate and water.
Write a balanced equation for the neutralization of nitric acid with aqueous ammonium hydroxide to give aqueous ammonium nitrate and water.
Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water: HgBr2 or Hg2Br2?
State whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water.(a) Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3(b) Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction of aqueous solutions of potassium chromate and calcium sulfate to give calcium chromate precipitate and aqueous potassium sulfate.
State whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water.(a) Ammonium sulfide, (NH4)2S (b) Barium sulfate, BaSO4.
Which of the following compounds is soluble in water: HgCl2, or Hg2Cl2?
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of zinc metal with aqueous nickel(II) nitrate to produce aqueous zinc nitrate and nickel metal.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following single-replacement reactions:(a) Nickel metal is placed in a silver nitrate solution.(b) Gold metal is placed in a silver nitrate
Write a chemical equation for the reaction of aqueous solutions of lithium iodide and silver nitrate to give silver iodide precipitate and aqueous lithium nitrate.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following single-replacement reactions:(a) Nickel metal is placed in a tin(II) sulfate solution.(b) Cobalt metal is put in a cadmium nitrate
Which of the following metals reacts with an aqueous acid: Zn, Cu, Au?
Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of solid calcium hydrogen carbonate with heat to give calcium carbonate powder, steam, and carbon dioxide gas.
Classify each of the following reactions as combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, or neutralization.(a) Copper metal heated with oxygen gas produces solid copper(II)
Classify the following reactions as combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, or neutralization: (a) Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) (b) 2 Sr(s) + O₂(g) (c) Cd(HCO3)2(S) (d)
Which of the following is evidence of a chemical reaction?(a) Mixing two aqueous solutions gives gas bubbles.(b) Mixing two solutions produces an insoluble solid.
Predict the product from the following reaction. (a) ZnO(b) Zn2O(c) ZnO2(d) Zn2O3.(e) Zn3O2 Zn(s) + O₂(g)
Nitric acid reacts with aqueous barium hydroxide to give aqueous barium nitrate and water. Write a balanced chemical equation given HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)₂(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + HOH(1)
Why write water as HOH for the product of a reaction that produces water?
Sulfuric acid reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give aqueous sodium sulfate and water. Write a balanced chemical equation given H₂SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) → Na₂SO4(aq) + H₂O(1)
Which type of chemical reaction is illustrated in question 3?(a) Combination reaction(b) Decomposition reaction(c) Single-replacement reaction(d) Double-replacement reaction(e) Neutralization
Which of the following is evidence of a chemical reaction?(a) Heating baking soda releases water vapor.(b) Heating soda ash gives a flame-extinguishing gas.
Aqueous solutions of aluminum sulfate and barium nitrate react to yield a white precipitate of barium sulfate and aqueous aluminum nitrate. Write a balanced chemical equation given Al2(SO4)3(aq) +
Do you change a subscript in a chemical formula to balance an equation?
Aqueous solutions of calcium nitrate and sodium carbonate react to give a white precipitate of calcium carbonate and aqueous sodium nitrate. Write a balanced chemical equation given Ca(NO3)2(aq) +
What is the coefficient of oxygen gas after balancing the following equation?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 5(e) None of the above. _SO₂(g) + _0₂(8) ↑ _SO3(g)
Which of the following is evidence of a chemical reaction?(a) Heating iron in air produces a dark red solid.(b) Heating iron in a vacuum gives a gray film.
Which seven nonmetals occur naturally as diatomic molecules?
Write a chemical equation for each of the following chemical reactions:(a) Aqueous solutions of sodium iodide and silver nitrate yield silver iodide precipitate and aqueous sodium
Write a chemical equation for each of the following chemical reactions:(a) Mercury liquid and fluorine gas react to give solid mercury(II) fluoride.(b) Zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to give
Which of the following is evidence of a chemical reaction?(a) Dropping sodium metal into water gives a yellow flame.(b) Dropping cobalt metal into acid produces gas bubbles.
Which of the following scientists contributed to the development of the periodic table of elements? (a) J.W. Döbereiner (b) Dmitri Mendeleev (c) H.G.J. Moseley (d) J.A.R. Newlands (e) All of
Which of the following occurs naturally as diatomic molecules? (a) Fluorine gas(b) Helium gas(c) Krypton gas(d) All of the above(e) None of the above.
If two aqueous solutions are added together, how could you determine if there is an exothermic or endothermic reaction?
What are four observations that a chemical reaction has occurred?
Which of the following is evidence of a chemical reaction?(a) Dropping potassium metal into water gives a violet flame.(b) Dropping chromium metal into acid produces gas bubbles.
Which of the following is experimental evidence of a gas being produced from a chemical reaction?(a) A flaming wooden splint is extinguished.(b) A glowing wooden splint bursts into flame.(c) An
Complete the unit equation for each of the following exact metric equivalents:(a) 1 Mm = ? m (b) 1 kg = ? g (c) 1 L = ? dL (d) 1 s = ? ns.
Give the symbol for each of the following metric units and state the quantity measured by each unit:(a) Gigameter (b) Kilogram (c) Centiliter (d) Microsecond.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following combination reactions:(a) Calcium metal is heated with fluorine gas to yield solid calcium fluoride.(b) Manganese metal reacts with
Write a chemical equation for iron metal combining with chlorine gas to give yellow ferrous chloride solid.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction of cadmium metal with aqueous cobalt(II) nitrate to produce aqueous cadmium nitrate and cobalt metal.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following decomposition reactions:(a) Solid potassium chlorate decomposes upon heating to give solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas.(b) Solid
What is the product from heating a metal carbonate?
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following decomposition reactions:(a) Aluminum carbonate is decomposed on heating.(b) Iron(II) carbonate is decomposed on heating.
Write a chemical equation for solid cadmium hydrogen carbonate decomposing to yield solid cadmium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following decomposition reactions:(a) Magnesium carbonate decomposes on heating.(b) Copper(I) carbonate decomposes on heating.

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