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introductory chemistry concepts

Questions and Answers of Introductory Chemistry Concepts

Which of the following temperatures does not exist? -100 °F, -100 °C, -100 K
Perform the following metric–metric conversions. (a) 7.50 km to Gm (b) 750 Mg to Tg (c) 0.750 pL to μL (d) 0.000 750 ms to ns.
The secret to “fire-walking” is to first walk barefoot through damp grass and then step lively on the red-hot coals. If the bed of coals is 1475 K, what is the Celsius temperature?
Burning one liter of natural gas produces 9.46 kcal of heat energy. Express the energy in kilojoules (given that 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ). Strategy Plan STEP 1: What unit is asked for in the answer? STEP
If an aerosol can feels cold after releasing the spray, is heat flowing from the can or from your hand?
A 25.0-g sample of rock at 250 °C is dropped into 100.0 g of water at 19 °C. If the water temperature rises to 31 °C as the rock cools, what is the specific heat of the rock? Strategy Plan STEP
State the following metric–English equivalents. (a) 1 in. = ? cm (b) 1 lb = ? g (c) 1 qt = ? mL (d) 1 sec = ? s.
Burning one gram of gasoline produces 47.9 kJ of energy. Express the heat energy in kilocalories (given that 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ
What type of substance is better for storing heat energy: a substance with a high specific heat or a low specific heat?
State the following metric–English equivalents. (a) 1 m = ? yd (b) 1 kg = ? lb (c) 1 L = ? qt (d) 1 s = ? sec.
A 1025–g horseshoe at 425 °C is dropped into 1550 g of water at 20 °C. If the water temperature rises to 47 °C as the horseshoe cools, what is the specific heat of the horseshoe?
Perform the following metric–English conversions. (a) 25 cm to in. (b) 25 g to lb (c) 2.50 qt to mL (d) 2.50 sec to s.
Perform the following metric–English conversions. (a) 65 in. to cm (b) 65 lb to g (c) 65.0 mL to qt (d) 6.50 x 10-3 s to sec.
Perform the following metric–English conversions. (a) 72 in. to m (b) 175 lb to kg (c) 0.500 qt to L (d) 4.55 x 10-4 min to ds.
Perform the following metric–English conversions. (a) 800.0 m to yards (b) 0.375 kg to lb (c) 1250 mL to gallons (d) 1.52 x 103 ds to min.
The tallest office building in the world is the "Freedom Tower" in New York City, which measures 1776 feet. What is the height expressed in meters?
The tallest structure in the world is the "Khalifa Tower" in Dubai, which measures 2722 feet. What is the height expressed in meters?
A Honda Accord hybrid gets 19 kilometers per liter city driving. What is the mileage in miles per gallon? (Given: 1 km = 0.621 mi and 1 L = 0.264 gal).
A Honda Accord hybrid gets 21 kilometers per liter highway driving. What is the mileage in miles per gallon? (Given: 1 km = 0.621 mi and 1 L = 0.264 gal).
A sterling silver spoon has a mass of 65.5 g and contains 7.50% copper. Find the mass of copper in the spoon.
A stainless steel spoon has a mass of 55.5 g and contains 10.5% chromium. Find the mass of chromium in the spoon.
If a solution contains 255 mL of ethanol and 375 mL of water, what is the percent ethanol in the solution?
If 20.0 gallons of gasohol contains 2.40 gal of ethanol, what is the percent ethanol in the gasohol?
In 1982 the U.S. Mint began to cast penny coins made of zinc plated with copper. If a 1990 penny has a mass of 2.554 g and contains 2.490 g zinc, what is the percent copper in the coin?
Before 1982 the U.S. Mint cast penny coins made of a copper and zinc mixture. If a 1980 penny has a mass of 3.051 g and contains 0.153 g zinc, what is the percent copper in the coin?
Complete the following volume equivalents. (a) 1 mL = ? cm3 (b) 1 in.3 = ? cm3.
Complete the following volume equivalents. (a) 1 L = ? cm3 (b) 1 in.3 = ? mL.
A piece of green jade is a rectangular solid measuring 2.50 cm by 1.25 cm by 3.50 mm. What is the volume in cubic centimeters?
A piece of black onyx is a rectangular solid measuring 5.00 cm by 5.00 cm by 2.50 mm. What is the volume in cubic centimeters?
A sheet of aluminum foil measures 75.0 cm by 35.0 cm. If the volume is 5.00 cm3, what is the thickness of the foil?
A sheet of aluminum measures 4.95 cm by 2.45 cm. If the volume is 2.75 cm3, what is the thickness of the foil?
If an automobile engine is 325-in.3, what is the volume in liters?
If a motorcycle engine is 0.500-L, what is the volume in cubic inches?
The initial water level in a 10-mL graduated cylinder reads 4.5 mL. After a ruby gemstone is dropped into the cylinder, the water level reads 7.0 mL. What is the volume of the ruby?
The initial water level in a 10-mL graduated cylinder is 5.0 mL. After a sapphire gemstone is added into the cylinder, the water level is 6.5 mL. What is the volume of the sapphire?
Magnesium metal reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas. The gas displaces water from a 100-mL graduated cylinder, and the water level decreases from 95.0 mL to 32.5 mL. What is the volume of gas
Calcium metal reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas. The gas displaces water from a 100-mL graduated cylinder, and the water level decreases from 75.5 mL to 43.0 mL. What is the volume of gas
State whether the following will sink or float when dropped into water. (a) Wax (d = 0.90 g/cm3) (b) Marble (d = 3.5 g/cm3).
State whether the following will sink or float when dropped into water. (a) Redwood (d = 1.2 g/mL) (b) Bamboo (d = 0.40 g/mL.
Will a balloon filled with the given gas rise in the air or drop to the ground? (Assume the mass of the balloon is negligible and the density of air is 1.29 g/L.) (a) Helium (d = 0.178 g/L) (b)
Will a balloon filled with the given gas rise in the air or drop to the ground? (Assume the mass of the balloon is negligible and the density of air is 1.29 g/L.) (a) Laughing gas (d = 1.96
State the density of water in grams per milliliter.
State the density of water in kilograms per liter.
Calculate the density in grams per milliliter for each of the following. (a) 25.0 mL of ethyl alcohol having a mass of 19.7 g (b) 10.0 g of ethyl ether having a volume of 14.0 mL.
Calculate the density in grams per milliliter for each of the following. (a) 25.5-g solid whose volume is found by displacement to be 4.5 mL (b) 95.5-g rectangular solid measuring 3.55 cm x 2.50 cm
Calculate the mass in grams for each of the following liquids. (a) 250 mL of gasoline (d = 0.69 g/mL) (b) 150 mL of ethanol (d = 0.79 g/mL).
Calculate the mass in grams for each of the following solids. (a) 5.00 cm3 of table salt (d = 2.18 g/cm3) (b) 2.50 cm3 of table sugar (d = 1.59 g/cm3).
Calculate the volume in milliliters for each of the following liquids. (a) 25.0 g of ether (d = 0.714 g/mL) (b) 15.0 g of acetone (d = 0.792 g/mL).
Calculate the volume in milliliters for each of the following solids. (a) 1.00 kg of silicon (d = 2.33 g/cm3) (b) 1.00 kg of titanium (d = 4.51 g/cm3).
State the freezing point of water on the following temperature scales. (a) Fahrenheit (b) Celsius (c) Kelvin.
State the boiling point of water on the following temperature scales. (a) Fahrenheit (b) Celsius (c) Kelvin.
Express the following Fahrenheit temperatures in degrees Celsius. (a) 101 °F (b) -215 °F.
Express the following Celsius temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit. (a) 19 °C (b) -175 °C.
Express the following Celsius temperatures in Kelvin units. (a) 495 °C (b) -185 °C.
Express the following Kelvin temperatures in degrees Celsius. (a) 273 K (b) 100 K.
If a USB flash drive can store 16 gigabytes (GB) of data, and a computer hard drive has a capacity of 2.0 terabytes (TB), how many flash drives of data can be loaded onto the hard drive?
An automobile airbag inflates in 35 ms. How many microseconds are required for the airbag to inflate?
If a computer hard disk has 850 gigabytes (GB) of memory, what is the storage capacity in megabytes (MB)?
The lowest recorded climatic temperature is 184 K at Vostok, Antarctica. Express the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
The highest recorded climatic temperature is 329 K in Death Valley, California. Express the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
State the solid listed in Table 2.5 that is the best conductor of heat. TABLE 2.5 Specific Heat for Selected Solids, Liquids, and Gases Example Specific Heat Solids ice aluminum carbon (graphite)
State the liquid listed in Table 2.5 that is the worst conductor of heat. TABLE 2.5 Specific Heat for Selected Solids, Liquids, and Gases Example Specific Heat Solids ice aluminum carbon (graphite)
If a gas furnace releases 450 kcal of heat energy, what is the energy in kilojoules? (1 cal = 4.184 J).
If a gas stove releases 120 kJ of heat energy, what is the energy in kilocalories? (1 cal = 4.184 J).
Calculate the heat required to raise 25.0 g of iron (0.108 cal/g x °C) from 25.0 °C to 50.0 °C.
Calculate the heat released as 35.5 g of copper (0.0920 cal/g x °C) cools from 50.0 °C to 25.0 °C.
Find the specific heat of gold if 25.5 cal are required to heat 30.0 g of gold from 27.5 °C to 55.0 °C.
Find the specific heat of platinum if 35.7 cal are lost as 75.0 g of the metal cools from 43.5 °C to 29.0 °C.
Calculate the mass of titanium (0.125 cal/g x °C) that requires 75.5 cal to heat the metal from 20.5 °C to 32.0 °C.
Calculate the mass of lead (0.0382 cal/g x °C) that releases 52.5 cal as the metal cools from 35.5 °C to 25.0 °C.
If a computer hard disk has 1.5 terabytes (TB) of memory, what is the storage capacity in megabytes (MB)?
If a DVD can store 4.7 gigabytes (GB) of data, and a computer hard drive has a capacity of 1.5 terabytes (TB), how many DVDs of data can be loaded onto the hard drive?
An automobile antilock brake system (ABS) operates at 30 pulses per second. How many times do the brakes pulse in 1.00 ds?
A light year is the distance light travels in 1.00 year. Given the velocity of light, 1.86 x 105 mi/s, how many miles does light travel in a light year?
A parsec is the distance light travels in 3.26 years. Given the velocity of light, 3.00 x 108 m/s, how many kilometers does light travel in a parsec?
A basketball court measures 94.0 feet by 50.0 feet. Calculate the area in square meters. (Given: 1 yd = 0.914 m).
A football field measures 100.0 yards by 160.0 feet. Calculate the area in square meters. (Given: 1 yd = 0.914 m).
Olympic athletes compete in a 400-meter event, but not in a quarter mile event. Which race is longer: 400 meters or 0.250 mile? (Given: 1 mi = 1.61 km).
Olympic athletes compete in a 1500-meter event, but not in a mile event. Which race is longer: 1500 meters or 1 mile? (Given: 1 mi = 1.61 km).
Gasoline contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Is gasoline an example of a heterogeneous or a homogeneous mixture?
Which physical state is described as having a fixed shape and fixed volume?
Which of the following describes a substance in the gaseous physical state? (a) The substance has a variable shape. (b) The substance has a variable volume. (c) The substance compresses
Identify the physical state (solid, liquid, gas) that corresponds to each of the following pictorial representations:
State the term that applies to each of the following changes of physical state: (a) A refrigerant changes from a gas to a liquid. (b) Water changes from a liquid to a solid. (c) Iodine vapor
The density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL. Express the density in SI units (kg/m3).
The radius (r) of the international reference kilogram cylinder is 1.95 cm. Assuming the density of the kilogram is 21.50 g/cm3, calculate its height (h). The volume of a cylinder equals πr2h, where
Express the density of water in the English units of pounds per cubic foot.
Express the density of water in the English units of pounds per gallon.
State the term that applies to each of the following changes of physical state: (a) Snow changes from a solid to a liquid. (b) Gasoline changes from a liquid to a gas. (c) Dry ice changes from a
Classify each of the following gases as an element, a compound, or a mixture of gases, as shown in the illustration: (a) (b) (c) (d)
Consider the following properties of the element mercury: (a) Mercury liquid cannot be broken down by a chemical change. (b) Mercury oxide can be heated to give mercury and oxygen gas. (c)
Water contains hydrogen and oxygen. Which of the following describes water? (a) Compound (b) Element (c) Heterogeneous mixture (d) Homogeneous mixture (e) None of the above
Which physical state is described as having a variable shape and variable volume?
Consider the following properties of the element copper: (a) Copper metal cannot be broken down by a chemical change. (b) Copper reacts with oxygen in air to give copper oxide. (c) Copper, in the
Which of the following properties is not characteristic of a nonmetal? (a) Insulator of electricity (b) Ductile (c) Low density (d) Reacts with nonmetals.
Which of the following is a solid metal under normal conditions: calcium, phosphorus, mercury, or silicon?
Which of the following elements is not one of the 10 most abundant in Earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere? (a) Aluminum (b) Iron (c) Oxygen (d) Silicon (e) Silver.
Which physical state is described as having a variable shape and compresses significantly?
Which of the following properties is not characteristic of a metal? (a) Good conductor of heat (b) Malleable (c) High melting point (d) Reacts with other metals.
Indicate the physical state for each of the following elements at 25 °C and normal pressure. Classify each element as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal: (a) Aluminum (b) Hydrogen (c) Helium (d)

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