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introductory chemistry concepts
Introductory Chemistry Concepts And Critical Thinking 7th Edition Charles Corwin - Solutions
An oxygen gas sample occupies 50.0 mL at 27 °C and 765 mm Hg. What is the final temperature if the gas is cooled to a volume of 35.5 mL and a pressure of 455 mm Hg?
If oxygen gas in a steel container is at a pressure of 5.00 atm, what is the pressure expressed in each of the following units?(a) cm Hg(b) in. Hg.
A sample of nitrogen gas at 1.00 atm is heated from 250 K to 500 K. If the volume remains constant, what is the final pressure? (a) 0.250 atm(b) 0.500 atm(c) 1.00 atm(d) 2.00 atm(e) None of the above.
A nitrogen gas sample occupies 50.5 mL at -80 °C and 1250 torr. What is the volume at STP?
The regulator on a steel scuba tank containing compressed air indicates that the pressure is 2250 psi. If the partial pressure of nitrogen is 1755 psi and that of argon is 22 psi, what is the partial pressure of oxygen in the tank?
An American newscast states that the barometer reads 30.8 in. Hg. Express the atmospheric pressure in each of the following units.(a) kPa(b) torr.
A sample of air occupies a volume of 10.0 L. If both the pressure and Kelvin temperature each double, what is the final volume? (a) 2.50 L(b) 5.00 L(c) 10.0 L(d) 20.0 L(e) 40.0 L.
An atmospheric sample contains nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and traces of other gases. If the partial pressure of nitrogen is 587 mm Hg, oxygen is 158 mm Hg, and argon is 7 mm Hg, what is the observed pressure as read on the barometer?
If 75.0 mL of oxygen gas is collected over water at 20 °C and 762 mm Hg, what is the pressure at 72.5 mL and 10 °C? The vapor pressure of water at 10 °C is 9.2 mm Hg.
A sample of air is at an initial pressure of 1.00 atm. If both the volume and Kelvin temperature each halve, what is the final pressure?
A Canadian newscast states that the barometer reads 104 kPa. Express the atmospheric pressure in each of the following units.(a) cm Hg(b) psi.
If the temperature of a liquid increases from 20.0 °C to 50.0 °C, what happens to the vapor pressure? (a) Increases(b) Decreases(c) Remains constant(d) Unpredictable(e) None of the above.
A 92.5 mL sample of hydrogen gas is collected over water at 25 °C and 767 mm Hg. If the vapor pressure of water is 23.8 mm Hg, what is the volume at STP?
Which of the following statements is not true according to the kinetic theory of gases?(a) Molecules occupy a negligible volume.(b) Molecules move in straight-line paths.(c) Molecules are attracted to each other.(d) Molecules undergo elastic collisions.(e) Molecules of different gases at the
Which of the following is an example of an ideal gas: H2, O2, or He?
What is the partial pressure of a gas collected over water at 25 °C and 775 mm Hg? The vapor pressure of water at 25 °C is 23.8 mm Hg.(a) 750 torr(b) 751 torr(c) 760 torr(d) 775 torr(e) 799 torr.
Indicate what happens to the pressure of a gas with the following changes:(a) The volume increases.(b) The temperature increases.(c) The moles of gas increase.
Suppose we have two 5.00-L samples of gas at 25 °C. One sample is ammonia, NH3, and the other nitrogen dioxide, NO2. Which gas has the greater kinetic energy? Which gas has the faster molecules?
What is the temperature of 0.250 mol of chlorine gas at 655 torr if the volume is 3.50 L?
Solve for the proportionality constant, R, in the ideal gas law.
Indicate what happens to the pressure of a gas with the following changes:(a) The volume decreases.(b) The temperature decreases.(c) The moles of gas decrease.
Which of the following is true for an ideal gas?(a) All molecules have the same velocity(b) All molecules have the same kinetic energy(c) All molecular collisions have the same energy(d) All of the above(e) None of the above.
How many moles of hydrogen gas occupy a volume of 0.500 L at STP?
State whether the pressure of a gas in a sealed container increases or decreases with the following changes.(a) The volume changes from 25.0 mL to 50.0 mL.(b) The temperature changes from 25 °C to 50 °C.(c) The moles of gas change from 0.250 mol to 0.500 mol.
How many moles of helium occupy a volume of 5.00 L at 227 °C and 5.00 atm (given that R = 0.0821 atm # L/mol # K)? (a) 0.609 mol(b) 1.64 mol(c) 5.00 mol(d) 25.0 mol(e) 6090 mol.
State whether the pressure of a gas in a sealed container increases or decreases with the following changes.(a) The volume changes from 75.0 mL to 50.0 mL.(b) The temperature changes from 0 °C to -80 °C.(c) The moles of gas change from 5.00 mol to 2.50 mol.
A few drops of water in a gallon can are heated to steam, and the can is sealed with a cap. As the steam cools from 100 °C to 20 °C, the can is crushed, as shown in the diagram. Explain the observation. Steam 100 °C 20 °C No cap Cap -Water
Explain how increasing the volume of a gas decreases its pressure.
Methyl acetate, C3H6O2, smells fragrant, and hydrogen sulfide gas, H2S, smells like rotten eggs. Would you be attracted or repulsed first, if both gases escaped from the same container at the same time?
Explain how increasing the temperature of a gas increases its pressure.
If you check automobile tire pressure on a cold morning before leaving home, and check it again after driving a few miles, would you expect the tire pressure to increase or decrease?
Sketch a graph of pressure versus volume, assuming temperature is constant. Label the vertical axis P and the horizontal axis V.
A half-full plastic water bottle is taken on a mountain hike. Describe the water bottle at the top of the mountain.
When the air inside a hot-air balloon is heated, why does the balloon rise? (Assume the air pressure inside the balloon equals the surrounding air pressure.)
A sample of air at 5.00 atm expands from 1.75 L to 2.50 L. If the temperature remains constant, what is the final pressure in atm?
When a helium balloon is released into the air, why does the volume increase as the balloon ascends? (Assume constant temperature.)
A sample of air at 15.0 psi compresses from 555 mL to 275 mL. If the temperature remains constant, what is the final pressure in psi?
A half-full plastic water bottle in a car on a hot day bulges after an hour. Explain the observation.
A 5.00 L sample of argon gas changes pressure from 1.55 atm to 6.50 atm. If the temperature remains constant, what is the final volume in liters?
A half-full plastic water bottle in a refrigerator is crushed after an hour. Explain the observation.
A 125 mL sample of argon gas changes pressure from 705 mm Hg to 385 mm Hg. If the temperature remains constant, what is the final volume in liters?
Sketch a graph of volume versus Kelvin temperature, assuming pressure is constant. Label the vertical axis V and the horizontal axis T(K).
Sketch a graph of volume versus Celsius temperature, assuming pressure is constant. Label the vertical axis V and the horizontal axis t(°C). Assume the Celsius temperature approaches zero at the origin.
A 555 mL sample of nitrous oxide at 25 °C is heated to 50 °C. If the pressure remains constant, what is the final volume?
A 2.50 L sample of nitric oxide gas at 100 °C is cooled to 20 °C. If the pressure remains constant, what is the final volume?
A 5.00 L sample of fluorine gas at 50 °C is cooled to a volume of 3.75 L. If the pressure remains constant, what is the final Celsius temperature?
A 125 mL sample of chlorine gas at 25 °C is heated to a volume of 175 mL. If the pressure remains constant, what is the final Celsius temperature?
Sketch a graph of pressure versus Kelvin temperature, assuming volume is constant. Label the vertical axis P and the horizontal axis T (K).
Sketch a graph of pressure versus Celsius temperature, assuming volume is constant. Label the vertical axis P and the horizontal axis t(°C). Assume the Celsius temperature approaches zero at the origin.
A 1.00-L sample of argon gas at 1.00 atm is heated from 20 °C to 110 °C. If the volume remains constant, what is the final pressure?
A 25.0-mL sample of neon gas at 455 mm Hg is cooled from 100 °C to 10 °C. If the volume remains constant, what is the final pressure?
A 10.0 L sample of oxygen gas at 20 °C and 0.500 atm is heated to a pressure of 0.750 atm. If the volume remains constant, what is the final Celsius temperature?
A 25.0 mL sample of ozone gas at 25 °C and 0.500 atm is cooled to a pressure of 0.250 atm. If the volume remains constant, what is the final Celsius temperature?
A 5.00-L sample of air is collected at 500 °C and 5.00 atm. What is the volume of air at STP?
A 100.0-mL sample of air is collected at 21 °C and 772 mm Hg. What is the volume of air at STP?
If a sample of hydrogen gas occupies 2.00 L at -50 °C and 155 mm Hg, what is the volume at 75 °C and 365 mm Hg?
If a sample of oxygen gas occupies 25.0 mL at -25 °C and 650 mm Hg, what is the volume at 25 °C and 350 mm Hg?
A sample of hydrogen chloride gas occupies 0.750 L at STP. What is the pressure in atm if the volume is 0.100 L at 25 °C?
A sample of hydrogen fluoride gas occupies 1250 mL at STP. What is the pressure in mm Hg if the volume is 255 mL at 300 °C?
A sample of nitrogen gas has a volume of 1.00 L at STP. What is the Celsius temperature if the volume is 10.0 L at 2.00 atm?
A sample of ammonia gas has a volume of 50.0 mL at STP. What is the Celsius temperature if the volume is 350.0 mL at 350 mm Hg?
A sample of argon gas occupies 2.75 L at STP. What is the pressure in atm, if the gas expands to 4.55 L and the temperature is 45 °C?
A sample of xenon gas occupies 500.0 mL at STP. What is the Celsius temperature, if the gas contracts to 250.0 mL and the pressure is 655 mm Hg?
Which of the following liquids has the higher vapor pressure at 25 °C: water or mercury?
Refer to Table 10.2 and state the vapor pressure for water in mm Hg at each of the following temperatures:(a) 25 °C(b) 50 °C.Table 10.2 TABLE 10.2 Vapor Pressure of Water Temperature (°C) Pressure (mm Hg) 6.5 9.2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 12.8 17.5 23.8 31.8 41.2 55.3 71.9 92.5 Temperature
Which of the following liquids has the higher vapor pressure at 50 °C: alcohol or mercury
Refer to Table 10.2 and state the vapor pressure for water in atm at each of the following temperatures:(a) 75 °C(b) 100 °C.Table 10.2 TABLE 10.2 Vapor Pressure of Water Temperature (°C) Pressure (mm Hg) 6.5 9.2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 12.8 17.5 23.8 31.8 41.2 55.3 71.9 92.5 Temperature
Air contains nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and trace gases. If the partial pressure of nitrogen is 592 mm Hg, oxygen is 160 mm Hg, argon is 7 mm Hg, and trace gas is 1 mm Hg, what is the atmospheric pressure?
Air contains nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and trace gases. If the partial pressure of nitrogen is 587 mm Hg, oxygen is 158 mm Hg, argon is 7 mm Hg, and trace gas pressure is negligible, what is the atmospheric pressure?
A steel cylinder with sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, and oxygen gases is at 825 °C and 1.00 atm. If the partial pressure of sulfur dioxide is 150 mm Hg and sulfur trioxide is 475 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of oxygen in mm Hg?
A steel cylinder with nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia gases is at 500 °C and 5.00 atm. If the partial pressure of nitrogen is 1850 mm Hg and hydrogen is 1150 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of ammonia in mm Hg?
If oxygen is collected over water at 20 °C and 766 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of the oxygen? Refer to Table 10.2 for the vapor pressure of water.Table 10.2 TABLE 10.2 Vapor Pressure of Water Temperature (°C) Pressure (mm
Describe the meaning of the expression “collecting a gas over water.”
Distinguish between a “wet” gas and a “dry” gas.
If ozone is collected over water at 30 °C and 775 mm Hg, what is the partial pressure of the ozone? Refer to Table 10.2 for the vapor pressure of water.Table 10.2 TABLE 10.2 Vapor Pressure of Water Temperature (°C) Pressure (mm
What is the pressure exerted by an ideal gas at absolute zero?
What is the volume occupied by an ideal gas at absolute zero?
What is the kinetic energy of an ideal gas at absolute zero?
What are the conditions of temperature and pressure for a real gas to behave most like an ideal gas?
Given the chemical equation for the combustion of propane, C3H8, balance the equation and interpret the coefficients in terms of(a) Moles(b) Milliliters: C3H8(g) + O2(8) spark CO₂(g) + H₂O(g)
Given the chemical equation for the combustion of methane, CH4, balance the equation and interpret the coefficients in terms of(a) Moles(b) Liters: CH4(g) + O₂(g) spark CO₂(g) + H₂O(g)
Which of the following is in the same ratio as the coefficients in a balanced equation: moles of gas, mass of gas, volume of gas?
Consider the general chemical equation: A + 2 B → C + 2 D(a) How many moles of C are produced from 1 mol of A?(b) How many liters of gas B must react to give 2 L of gas D at the same temperature and pressure?
Iron is produced from iron ore in a blast furnace by passing carbon monoxide gas through molten iron(III) oxide. The balanced equation is(a) How many moles of carbon monoxide react with 2.50 mol of Fe2O3?(b) How many moles of iron are produced from 2.50 mol of Fe2O3? Fe₂O3(1) + 3 CO(g) → 2
Carbon monoxide is produced in a blast furnace by passing oxygen gas over hot coal. How many moles of oxygen react with 2.50 mol of carbon, according to the balanced equation? 2 C(s) + O₂(g) __A, 2 CO(g)
Oxygen gas in air reacts with 0.115 g hydrogen gas to give 1.024 g of water. Use the conservation of mass law to predict the mass of reacting oxygen. 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(l)(a) 0.115 g(b) 0.909 g(c) 1.024 g(d) 1.139 g(e) None of the above.
How many unit factors are required to solve a mole–mole problem?
Consider the general chemical equation: 2 A + 3 B → 2 C + D(a) How many moles of C are produced from 2 mol of A?(b) How many liters of gas B must react to give 1 L of gas D at the same temperature and pressure?
How many moles of water decompose to yield 0.500 mol of oxygen gas? 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g) (a) 0.250 mol(b) 0.500 mol(c) 1.00 mol(d) 2.00 mol(e) None of the above.
Classify the type of stoichiometry problem for each of the following:(a) How many grams of HgO decompose to give 0.500 L of oxygen gas at STP?(b) How many grams of AgCl are produced from the reaction of 0.500 g of solid sodium chloride with silver nitrate solution?(c) How many milliliters of H2
What are the three types of stoichiometry problems?
Classify the type of stoichiometry problem for each of the following:(a) How many grams of Zn metal react with hydrochloric acid to give 0.500 g of zinc chloride?(b) How many liters of H2 gas react with chlorine gas to yield 50.0 cm3 of hydrogen chloride gas?(c) How many kilograms of Fe react
Consider the general chemical equation: A + 3 B → 2 C(a) If 1.00 g of A reacts with 1.50 g of B, what is the mass of C?(b) If 2.00 g of A reacts to produce 5.00 g of C, what is the mass of B?
Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide released from 10.0 g of cobalt(III) carbonate given the unbalanced equation for the reaction: Co₂(CO3)3(s) A, Co₂O3(s) + CO₂(8)
Classify the following type of stoichiometry problem: How many cubic centimeters of oxygen are produced from decomposing 5.00 mL of steam?(a) Mass–mass problem(b) Mass–volume problem(c) Volume–volume problem(d) Mole–mole problem(e) None of the above.
Calculate the mass of mercury produced from the decomposition of 1.25 g of orange mercury(II) oxide (MM = 216.59 g/mol): 2 HgO(s) A 2 Hg(1) + O₂(g)
What are the three steps in the unit analysis method of problem solving?
Consider the general chemical equation: 3 A + B → 2 C(a) If 1.50 g of A reacts with 1.65 g of B, what is the mass of C?(b) If 4.50 g of A reacts to produce 9.45 g of C, what is the mass of B?
Calculate the mass of iron filings required to produce 0.455 g of silver metal given the unbalanced equation for the reaction: Fe(s) + AgNO3(aq) Fe(NO3)3(aq) + Ag(s)
What mass of oxygen gas is produced from decomposing 5.00 g of water (18.02 g/mol)? 2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g) (a) 2.22 g(b) 2.50 g(c) 4.44 g(d) 5.00 g(e) 8.88 g.
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