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introductory chemistry concepts
Introductory Chemistry Concepts And Critical Thinking 7th Edition Charles Corwin - Solutions
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following decomposition reactions:(a) Barium hydrogen carbonate is decomposed with heat.(b) Copper(I) hydrogen carbonate is decomposed with heat.
Which of the following compounds is insoluble in water?(a) (NH4)2CO3(b) BaSO4(c) K2CrO4(d) Na2S(e) Sr(OH)2.
Write a chemical equation for solid zinc hydrogen carbonate decomposing to yield solid zinc carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following decomposition reactions:(a) Lithium hydrogen carbonate decomposes on heating.(b) Lead(II) hydrogen carbonate decomposes on heating.
What is the product from heating a metal and nonmetal?
What are the products from the following reaction? (a) Mgo and H2SO3(b) Mgo and H2S(c) MgSO4 and H2(d) MgSO4 and H2O(e) No reaction. Mg(s) + H₂SO4(aq)
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following combination reactions:(a) Aluminum metal is heated with sulfur powder to yield solid aluminum sulfide.(b) Chromium metal is heated with iodine crystals to give solid chromium(III) iodide.
What is the product from heating a nonmetal and oxygen gas?
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following combination reactions:(a) Nitrogen gas is heated with oxygen to give dinitrogen trioxide gas.(b) Chlorine gas is heated with oxygen to give dichlorine monoxide gas.
Write a chemical equation for magnesium metal combining with bromine liquid to give solid magnesium bromide.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following combination reactions:(a) Aluminum metal is heated with sulfur powder to yield solid aluminum sulfide.(b) Chromium metal is heated with iodine crystals to give solid chromium(III) iodide.
Which of the following metals reacts with sulfuric acid? (a) Ag(b) Cu(c) Fe(d) All of the above(e) None of the above.
What is the product from heating a metal and oxygen gas?
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following combination reactions:(a) Lead metal is heated with oxygen in air to yield solid lead(IV) oxide.(b) Cobalt metal is heated with oxygen gas to give solid cobalt(III) oxide.
Which of the following is evidence of a chemical reaction?(a) Mixing two aqueous solutions produces a precipitate.(b) Mixing two colorless solutions gives a blue solution.
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following combination reactions:(a) Zinc metal is heated with oxygen gas in air to yield solid zinc oxide.(b) Chromium metal is heated with oxygen gas to give solid chromium(III) oxide.
Predict the products from the following reaction. (a) Li, H2, and CO2(b) Li, H2O, and CO2(c) Li2CO3, H2, and CO2(d) Li2CO3, H2O, and CO2(e) Li2CO3 and H2O. LiHCO3(s)
How can a decomposition reaction be easily distinguished from other types of chemical reactions?
What are the products from the following reaction? (a) FeP and NaNO3(b) FePO3 and NaNO2(c) FePO3 and NaNO3(d) FePO4 and NaNO2(e) FePO4 and NaNO3. Fe(NO3)3(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) ↑
What is the usual product from heating an oxygen-containing compound?
What are the predicted products from the following neutralization reaction?(a) NH4SO3 and H2O(b) NH4SO4 and O2(c) (NH4)2SO4 and O2(d) (NH4)2SO4 and H2O(e) No reaction.
Which of the following metals reacts with aqueous silver nitrate: Zn, Cu, Au?
Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following decomposition reactions:(a) Solid lead(IV) oxide decomposes upon heating to give solid lead(II) oxide and oxygen gas.(b) Aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, decomposes upon heating to give water and oxygen gas.
Write a balanced equation for the combination of iron metal with oxygen gas to give solid iron(III) oxide.
Predict whether or not a reaction occurs for each of the following:(a) A gold ring is dropped into sulfuric acid.(b) A zinc granule is dropped into hydrochloric acid.(c) A cadmium foil is put into a lead(II) nitrate solution.(d) A chromium strip is put into water.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction of manganese metal with aqueous nickel(II) nitrate to produce aqueous manganese(II) nitrate and nickel metal.
Predict whether or not a reaction occurs for each of the following:(a) Aluminum foil is added to an iron(II) sulfate solution.(b) Iron wire is added to an aluminum sulfate solution.(c) Manganese metal is added to acetic acid.(d) Magnesium metal is added to water.
The modern periodic law states that elements are arranged according to increasing (atomic mass/atomic number).
Find a pair of elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers less than 20 that are an exception to the original periodic law.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 1 IA K 39.10 37 55 4 87 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 21 38 Rb Y Sr 85.47 87.62 88.91 3 IIIB Ca Sc 40.08
Element 43 is used in medical radiology to locate tumors. Refer to the periodic table and state whether Tc has any stable isotopes.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
Classify each of the following as a binary ionic compound, ternary ionic compound, binary molecular compound, binary acid, or ternary oxyacid:(a) Calcium oxide, CaO (b) Sulfur dioxide, SO2 (c) Silver chromate, Ag2CrO4 (d) Hydrofluoric acid, HF(aq)(e) Carbonic acid, H2CO3(aq).
Element 61 was named for the mythological Greek Prometheus who stole fire from the gods. Refer to the periodic table and state whether Pm has any stable isotopes.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 1 IA Li Na 19 37 Rb 55 87 Fr 4 2 IIA Be 12 Mg 20 38 56 Ba 88 Ra 3 IIIB 21 Sc 39 57 Y La 89 Ac Atomic
The mass of an oxygen molecule is 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 053 2 g. Express the mass in scientific notation.
Which Greek philosopher suggested the concept of an atom in 486 B.C.?
Gallium occurs naturally as 69Ga and 71Ga. Given the mass and abundance of gallium-69 (68.92 amu and 60.10%), what is the isotopic mass of gallium-71?
Indicate the region of the spectrum for each of the following wavelengths of light.(a) 300 nm (b) 1000 nm.
Indicate the region of the spectrum for each of the following wavelengths of light.(a) 280 nm (b) 950 nm.
Silver has only two natural isotopes, and they occur in about equal abundance. If 109Ag is one of the isotopes, what is the other isotope given the atomic mass of silver is approximately 108 amu?
Find the two elements in the fifth row of the periodic table that violate the original periodic law proposed by Mendeleev.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 11 Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 1 IA 55 4 87 12 2 IIA Fr (223) Be 9.01 Mg 24.31 20 K Ca Sc 39.10 40.08 44.96 37 38 39 Rb Sr Y 85.47 87.62
Bromine has only two natural isotopes, and they occur in about equal abundance. If 79Br is one of the isotopes, what is the other isotope given the atomic mass of bromine is approximately 80 amu?
Explain why the electron configuration for silver is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10 rather than the predicted 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d9.
Explain why the electron configuration for copper is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 rather than the predicted 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9.
Why did Mendeleev not include neon in his periodic table of 1871?Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 al 55 Cs 132.91 87 4 Fr (223) 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 38 Ca Sc 40.08
Select the symbol of the element that fits each of the following descriptions:(a) The alkali metal in the fourth period (b) The halogen in the third period (c) The rare earth with the lowest atomic mass (d) The metal in Group VIIB/7 and Period 4.Periodic Table: N 4 15 6 Be 6.94 9.01 12 11 3 Na
The modern periodic law states that the properties of the elements repeat when the periodic table is arranged according to which of the following?(a) Increasing atomic number (b) Increasing mass number (c) Increasing atomic mass (d) Increasing isotopic mass (e) None of the above.Periodic Table:
Why did Mendeleev not include argon in his periodic table of 1871?Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 al 55 Cs 132.91 87 4 Fr (223) 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 56 Ba 137.33 21 88 3 IIIB 39 57 La 138.91 H 89 Ac (226)
Based on the general trends in the periodic table, predict which element in each of the following pairs has the most metallic character:(a) Sn or Pb (b) Ag or Sr (c) Al or B (d) Ga or Ge.Periodic Table:
What is the group number for each of the following families of elements?(a) Alkali metals (b) Alkaline earth metals (c) Halogens (d) Noble gases.
Based on the general trends in the periodic table, predict which element in each of the following pairs has the smaller atomic radius:(a) Na or K (b) P or N (c) Ca or Ni (d) Si or S.Periodic Table: 1 IA Li 2 IIA Be Na Mg 3 Ca Rb Sr K H 4 5 IIIB IVB VB Sc 6 7 8 9 10 11 12/ VIB VIIB VIII VI VIII
Select the symbol of the element that fits each of the following descriptions:(a) The alkaline earth metal in the sixth period (b) The noble gas in the third period (c) The actinide with the highest atomic mass (d) The semimetal in Group IIIA/13.
Why did Mendeleev not include mendelevium in his periodic table of 1871?Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 al 55 Cs 132.91 87 4 Fr (223) 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 38 Ca Sc 40.08
Which of the following is a third-period alkaline earth metal?(a) Ca (b) K (c) Mg (d) Na (e) Sr.
Which period represents the smallest atomic radius? Which group represents the most metallic character?
Given the density of silver (10.5 g/cm3) and gold (19.3 g/cm3) in Group IB/11, estimate the density for the synthetic element roentgenium, which is below gold in the periodic table.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 1 IA Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 37 5
Predict the missing value (?) for each physical property listed below. The (a) Atomic radius, (b) Density,(c) Melting point are given for two of three alkaline earth metals in Group IIA/2. Element Ca Sr Ba Atomic Radius 197 pm 215 pm (?) pm Density at 20 °C 1.54 g/mL (?) g/mL 3.65 g/mL Melting
Why did Mendeleev not include einsteinium in his periodic table of 1871?Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 al 55 4 87 2 IIA Fr (223) Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 Sr 85.47 87.62 20 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 21 56 Cs La Ba 132.91 137.33
Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?(a) Li (b) Na (c) Be (d) Mg (e) Al.
Predict the missing value (?) for each physical property listed below. The (a) Atomic radius, (b) Density,(c) Melting point are given for two of the metals in Group VIII/10. Element Ni Pd Pt Atomic Radius 125 pm 138 pm (?) pm Density at 20 °C 8.91 g/cm³ (?) g/cm³ 21.5 g/cm³ Melting Point (?)
The chemical formulas for the oxides of potassium, calcium, gallium, and germanium are, respectively, K2O, CaO, Ga2O3, and GeO2. Refer to the periodic table and predict the chemical formula for each of the following compounds:(a) Rubidium oxide(b) Strontium oxide (c) Indium oxide (d) Lead
Metallic sodium reacts with chlorine gas to give sodium chloride, NaCl. Predict the products formed when (a) Lithium (b) Potassium react with chlorine gas.
Calculate the predicted atomic radius for selenium, Se, given the atomic radius of sulfur, S, (104 pm) and tellurium, Te, (143 pm). (a) 39 pm (b) 62 pm (c) 124 pm (d) 163 pm (e) 182 pm.
Predict which of the following metals has chemical properties most similar to zinc: Fe, Cu, or Cd.
Refer to the periodic table and state the highest energy sublevel in a silver atom.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 1 IA Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 4 87 2 IIA Fr (223) Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 21 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 55 56 La Cs Ba 132.91 137.33 138.91 88 3 4 IIIB
Before Moseley’s discovery in 1913, the periodic law stated that physical and chemical properties tend to repeat periodically when elements are arranged according to what trend?
State the highest energy sublevel in each of the following elements:(a) H (b) S (c) Ni (d) U.
Refer to a periodic table and write the predicted electron configuration for each of the following elements by counting the number of electrons in each block:(a) P (b) Co.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 الا 5 6 7 3 Li 6.94 11 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 G 85.47 4 55 2 IIA Be 9.01 38 Rb Sr 87 12 K Ca Sc 39.10
Which energy sublevel is being filled by the elements Sc to Zn? (a) 3 d (b) 4 s (c) 4 p (d) 4 d (e) 4 f.
State the energy sublevel being filled in each of the following series of elements:(a) Cs - Ba (b) Y - Cd (c) In - Xe (d) Ce - Lu.
Refer to a periodic table and write the predicted electron configuration for each of the following elements.(a) Zn (b) Se.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 15 6 7 3 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 R Rb 4 87 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 K Ca Sc 39.10 40.08 44.96 20 38 21 3 IIIB 39 Sr Y 85.47 87.62
Refer to the periodic table and predict the number of 5d electrons in a Pt atom.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 al 55 87 4 Fr (223) 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 Sr 85.47 87.62 56 Cs Ba La 132.91 137.33 138.91 21 88 3 4 IIIB
After Moseley’s discovery in 1913, the periodic law stated that physical and chemical properties tend to repeat periodically when elements are arranged according to what trend?
Predict the number of valence electrons for a Group VIIA/17 element.(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 7 (e) 17.
Refer to the periodic table and predict the number of valence electrons for an atom of each of the following representative elements:(a) Na (b) Al (c) S (d) Xe.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 5 N.. 3 7 Li 6.94 11 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 G 85.47 4 2 IIA Be 9.01 38 Rb Sr 87 12 K Ca Sc 39.10 40.08
What is the electron dot formula for an atom of neon?(a) (b)(c)(d)(e) Ne
Refer to the periodic table and state the number of valence electrons for any element in each of the following groups:(a) Group IIA (b) Group VA (c) Group 14 (d) Group 17.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 15 6 7 3 11 Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 1 IA 37 R 55 4 12 87 2 IIA Be 9.01 Mg 24.31 K Ca Sc 39.10 40.08
Which two elements in the fourth period violate the original periodic law as stated by Mendeleev?
Why are predictions for the number of valence electrons only for representative elements?
Which two elements in the fifth period violate the original periodic law as stated by Mendeleev?
Vertical columns in the periodic table are referred to by what two terms?Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 al 55 4 87 2 IIA Fr (223) Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 Sr 85.47 87.62 20 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 21 56 Cs La Ba 132.91 137.33
Draw the electron dot formula for each of the following elements:(a) Si (b) Xe.
Based on the general trends in the periodic table, predict which element in each of the following pairs has the higher ionization energy:(a) Li or Na (b) O or F.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 in 6 3 7 Li 6.94 11 1 IA Na 22.99 19 G 85.47 55 4 37 38 5 Rb Sr 87.62 2 IIA Be 9.01 K Ca 39.10
Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy? (a) H (b) He (c) Ne (d) Cl (e) F.
Draw the electron dot formula for each of the following elements:(a) K (b) I.
Propose two ways of drawing the electron dot formula for Mg.
Based on the general trends in the periodic table, predict which element in each of the following pairs has the higher ionization energy:(a) Na or Mg (b) O or S.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 15 6 7 3 11 Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 1 IA 37 R Rb 55 4 87 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 K Ca Sc 39.10 40.08
Which group in the periodic table has the highest ionization energy? Which group has the lowest ionization energy?Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 al 55 Cs 132.91 87 4 Fr (223) 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 38 Ca Sc 40.08
Horizontal rows in the periodic table are referred to by what two terms?Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 al 55 4 87 2 IIA Fr (223) Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 Sr 85.47 87.62 20 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 21 56 Cs La Ba 132.91 137.33
Which of the following groups has a predictable ionic charge of three negative?(a) Group IIIA/13 (b) Group IIIB/3 (c) Group VA/15 (d) Group VB/5 (e) Group VIIIA/18.
Predict the ionic charge for a sodium ion, Na?+, based on the position of the element in the periodic table.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 5 6 7 Li 6.94 11 Na 22.99 19 1 IA K 39.10 37 55 4 2 IIA 87 Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 Ca 40.08 38 21 Rb Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 88 Sc 44.96 3 4 IIIB IVB 39 56 Cs La Ba 132.91
State the trends in the periodic table for decreasing metallic character.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 1 IA Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 4 87 2 IIA Fr (223) Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 21 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 55 56 La Cs Ba 132.91 137.33 138.91 88 3 4 IIIB
Predict the ionic charge for an aluminum ion, Al?+, based on the position of the element in the periodic table.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 15 6 7 3 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 Rb R 4 87 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 K Ca Sc 39.10 40.08 44.96 20 38 21 3 IIIB 39 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 57 55 56 La Cs
What is the term for the elements that belong to Groups IA–VIIIA (Groups 1, 2, and 13–18)?
Predict the ionic charge for a chlorine ion, Cl?-, based on the position of the element in the periodic table. Periodic Table: 2 3 4 5 6 7 Li 6.94 11 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 55 4 2 IIA 87 Be 9.01 12 K Ca 39.10 40.08 Mg 24.31 20 38 21 Rb Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 88 Sc 44.96 3 4 IIIB
State the trends in the periodic table for decreasing atomic radii.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 1 IA Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 4 87 2 IIA Fr (223) Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 21 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 55 56 La Cs Ba 132.91 137.33 138.91 88 3 4 IIIB IVB 39 57 89 Atomic
Predict the common ionic charge for Group IA/1 elements; Group IIA/2 elements; Group III/13 elements.
Predict the ionic charge for a phosphorus ion, P?–, based on the position of the element in the periodic table.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 15 6 7 3 11 Li 6.94 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 Rb R 4 87 2 IIA Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 K Ca Sc 39.10 40.08 44.96 20 38 21 3 IIIB 39 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 57 55 56 La Cs
What is the term for the elements that belong to Groups IIIB–IIB (Groups 3–12)?
Refer to the periodic table and predict which of the following ions are isoelectronic with the noble gas argon:(a) K+ (b) Br–(c) Ca2+ (d) O2–. 2 3 4 5 6 7 Li 6.94 11 1 IA Na 22.99 19 37 55 4 2 IIA 87 Be 9.01 12 K Ca 39.10 40.08 Mg 24.31 20 38 21 Rb Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 88 Sc 44.96 3 4 IIIB
State the trends in the periodic table for increasing ionization energy.Periodic Table: 2 3 4 10 6 3 7 11 1 IA Li 6.94 Na 22.99 19 37 5 Rb K 39.10 4 87 2 IIA Fr (223) Be 9.01 12 Mg 24.31 20 38 Ca Sc 40.08 44.96 21 Sr Y 85.47 87.62 88.91 55 56 La Cs Ba 132.91 137.33 138.91 88 3 4 IIIB
Predict the common ionic charge for Group VIIA/17 elements; Group VIA/16 elements; Group VA/15 elements.
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