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introductory chemistry concepts

Questions and Answers of Introductory Chemistry Concepts

Which class of hydrocarbon contains a benzene ring?
Indicate the class of hydrocarbon derivative for each of the following compounds. (a) (CH3)2CH-OH (c) -C-CH₂CH3 (b) (d) CH3-0- (0) H-C-NH2
What is the condensed structural formula for “propyl bromide?”(a) CH3—Br(b) CH3—CH2—Br(c) CH3—CH2—CH2—Br(d) CH3—CHBr—CH3(e) None of the above.
Is it possible to distinguish an alcohol from a phenol based on the hydrocarbon suffix?
Which of the following molecular formulas represents an alkane?(a) C6H14(b) C6H12.
Identify each of the following compounds as an organic halide, alcohol, phenol, ether, or amine based on the name of the hydrocarbon
What is the condensed structural formula for 2–propanol?(a) CH3—CH2—CH2—OH(b) CH3—CH(OH)—CH3(c) CH3—CH2—O—CH3(d) CH3—O—CH2—CH3(e) None of the above.
Identify each of the following compounds as an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide based on the name of the hydrocarbon
Which of the following compounds can form hydrogen bonds? (a) CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-Cl (b) CH3-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH3 (c) CH,—CH,—CH,-CH=CH, (d) CH3-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-OH (e) none of the above
What is the molecular formula for each of the following alkanes?(a) C8H?(b) C10H?
State the name for each of the following alkanes. (a) (b) CH3-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH3 (c) CH,—CH,—CH,—CH, CH, CH, CH, CH3 (d)
What is the condensed structural formula for 2–pentanone? (b) (a) CH3 CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH3 CH3-CH=CH-CH₂-CH3 CH,—CH,—CO-CH,-CH3 CH3-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-COOH (c) (d) (e) none of the above
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following alkanes.(a) Propane(b) Pentane(c) Heptane(d) Nonane.
What are the products from the reaction of ethanoic acid and ethanol using sulfuric acid catalyst? (a) CH3COOH+CH₂CH₂OH CH3COOH+CH₂CH₂OH (b) (c) CH3COOH+CH3CH₂OH (d)
Draw the condensed structural formula for the three isomers of pentane, C5H12.
Draw the alcohol and ether isomers with the molecular formula C2H6O.
Draw the condensed structural formula for the five isomers of hexane, C6H14.
Draw the aldehyde and ketone isomers with the molecular formula C3H6O.
Draw the two isomers of bromopropane, C3H7Br.
Draw the carboxylic acid and ester isomers with the molecular formula C2H4O2.
Draw the two isomers of dibromoethane, C2H4Br2.
Identify five functional groups in thyroxine (thyroid hormone). HO- I I I I -CH₂-CH-C-OH NH₂
Draw each of the following alkyl groups.(a) Methyl(b) Ethyl.
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following models.(a)(b)
Give the IUPAC names for each of the following structural formulas. (a) (b) (c)(d) CH3 T CH,—CH,—CH,—CH–CH,
Draw the structure for each of the following alkyl groups.(a) Propyl(b) Isopropyl.
The organic compound caffeine is a stimulant found in coffee. Based on its name, to which class of compound does caffeine belong?
The organic compound cholesterol has been linked to arterial plaque. Based on its name, to which class of compound does cholesterol belong?
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds.(a) 2-methylpropane(b) 2,2-dimethylbutane(c) 3-ethylheptane(d) 3,3-diethylpentane.
The organic compound cortisone is an anti-inflammatory drug. Based on its name, to which class of compound does cortisone belong?
Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion for each of the following.(a) Methane(b) Propane(c) Hexane(d) Octane.
Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion for each of the following.(a) Ethane(b) Butane(c) Pentane(d) Heptane.
Which of the following molecular formulas represents an alkene?(a) C6H14(b) C6H12.
State the name for each of the following alkenes. (a) CH2=CH–CH2–CH3 (b)CH,=CH–CH2–CH, CH3 (c) CH3-CH=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH3 (d) CH3—CH,–CH2–CH=CH–CH2–CH2–CH3
What is the molecular formula for each of the following alkenes?(a) C8H?(b) C10H?
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following alkenes.(a) 2-pentene(b) 3-heptene(c) 1-propene(d) 4-nonene.
Which of the following molecular formulas represents an alkyne?(a) C6H12(b) C6H10.
What is the molecular formula for each of the following alkynes?(a) C8H?(b) C10H?
State the name for each of the following alkynes. (a) CH3-C=C-CH₂ CH3 (b) CH=C-CH₂-CH₂-CH3 (c) CH3–CH,—C=C–CH,–CH3 CH3—CH,–CH2–CH,−C=C–CH3 (d)
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following alkynes.(a) 1-propyne(b) 4-octyne(c) 2-butyne(d) 3-decyne.
Draw the two structural isomers of straight-chain pentene, C5H10.
Give the IUPAC name for each of the following structural formulas. (a) (b) CH3 CH3-CH=CH-CH-CH3
Draw the two structural isomers of straight-chain pentyne, C5H8.
Give the IUPAC names for each of the following structural formulas. (a) (b) CH₂ CH,—C=C-C-CH,—CH, CH, CH3
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds.(a) 2-methyl-1-propene(b) 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyne.
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds.(a) 3-ethyl-2-heptene(b) 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentyne.
Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions.(a) CH2 = CH2 + O2 →(b) CH3 – CH = CH2 + H2 →
Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions.(a) CH ≡ C – CH3 + O2 →(b) CH3 – C ≡ CH + 2 H2 →
Draw and name the three isomers of the solvent xylene, C6H4(CH3)2.
Draw and name the three isomers of dinitrobenzene, C6H4(NO2)2.
What are the two products from the complete combustion of benzene?
Identify the class of compound for each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives. (a) (b) (c)(d) O = R-C-OH -ОН
Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of benzene.
Identify the class of compound for each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives.(a) R—O—R′(b) R—X(c) Ar—OH(d) R—NH2.
Identify the class of compound for each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives. (a) CH,—NH, (c) (e) 60 O || CH3—C—0—CH3 O -C-H -C-CH3 (b) CH3 CH₂-F (d) (h) O H-C-OH CH,−CH,−0 O CNH,
Identify the class of compound for each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives. (a) CH₂-OH (c) (e) || CH,—C-NH, CH3- -CI (b)
Give the common name for each of the following organic halides. (a) CH3-I (b) CH3-CH₂-Br (c) CH3-CH₂-CH₂-F (d) (CH3)2 CH-Cl
Draw the structure for each of the following organic halides.(a) Dichloromethane(b) Lodoethane(c) 2-fluoropropane(d) 1,2-dibromopropane.
Draw the structure for “trichloroethylene,” a common solvent used for degreasing electronic and automobile parts.
Draw the structure for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, a solvent formerly used for dry cleaning clothes.
Give the systematic IUPAC name for each of the following alcohols. (a) CH3 CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-OH (b) CH3-CH₂-CH(OH)-CH3 (c) CH₂(OH)-CH₂-CH₂-CH3 (d) CH3-CH(OH)-CH₂-CH3
Give an acceptable name for each of the following phenols. (a)(b) -OH
Draw the structure for each of the following alcohols.(a) “Methyl alcohol”(b) “Ethyl alcohol”(c) “Propyl alcohol”(d) “Isopropyl alcohol”
Give the common name for each of the following ethers. (a) CH3-O-CH3 (b) CH3-O-CH₂CH3 (c) (d) CH3CH₂CH₂-O-CH₂CH₂CH3 -O–CH,CH,
Draw the structure for each of the following phenols.(a) Ortho-chlorophenol(b) Meta-ethylphenol.
Draw the structure for each of the following ethers.(a) “Diisopropyl ether”(b) “Diphenyl ether”(c) “Ethyl propyl ether”(d) “Methyl phenyl ether”.
“Ethyl alcohol” and “dimethyl ether” have the same molecular mass. Explain why the boiling point of “ethyl alcohol” (78 °C) is much higher than the boiling point of “dimethyl ether”
Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are soluble in water. Explain why butanol is only slightly soluble.
There are two compounds that have the molecular formula C2H6O. Draw the structure for each isomer and classify the hydrocarbon derivative.
There are three compounds that have the molecular formula C3H8O. Draw the structure for each isomer and classify the hydrocarbon derivative
Give the common name for each of the following amines.(a) CH3CH2NH2(b) CH3CH2CH2NH2.
Draw the structure for each of the following amines.(a) “Methylamine”(b) “Isopropylamine”.
“Ethylamine” and propane have about the same molecular mass. Explain why the boiling point of “ethylamine” (17 °C) is much higher than that of propane (-44 °C).
Give the systematic IUPAC name for each of the following aldehydes.(a) (b) O H-C-H
“Ethylamine” and “diethylamine” are soluble in water. Explain why “triethylamine” is only slightly soluble in water.
Give the systematic IUPAC name for each of the following ketones. (a) (b) O CH3-C-CH3
Draw the structure for each of the following aldehydes.(a) “Formaldehyde”(b) “Acetaldehyde”(c) “Propionaldehyde”(d) Benzaldehyde.
Draw the structure for each of the following ketones.(a) “Methyl ethyl ketone”(b) “Diethyl ketone”(c) “Methyl phenyl ketone”(d) “Diphenyl ketone”.
An aldehyde and a ketone each have the molecular formula C3H6O. Draw the structure for each isomer.
Give the systematic IUPAC name for each of the following carboxylic acids. (a) (b) H-C-OH
An aromatic aldehyde and an aromatic ketone each have the molecular formula C8H8O. Draw the structure for each isomer.
Give the systematic IUPAC name for each of the following esters.(a) (b) O H-C−O−CH, CH,
Draw the structure for each of the following carboxylic acids.(a) “Formic acid”(b) “Acetic acid”.
Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions.(a) (b) CH3-C-OH + CH₂-OH H₂SO4
Draw the structure for each of the following esters.(a) “Propyl formate”(b) “Ethyl acetate”.
Give an acceptable name for each of the following amides.(a) (b) H-C-NH, 2
Identify the carboxylic acid and alcohol that react to produce the following.(a) Ethyl methanoate(b) Phenyl ethanoate.
Draw the structure for each of the following amides.(a) “Acetamide”(b) “Propionamide”.
Predict whether each of the following compounds is saturated or unsaturated as indicated by the name.(a) Eicosane(b) Dodecene.
Predict whether each of the following compounds is saturated or unsaturated as indicated by the name.(a) Cyclohexene(b) Cyclopropane.
Acetylsalicylic acid is the active ingredient in aspirin. Based on its name and suffix, which functional group is present?
Sulfanilamide is an antibacterial. Based on its name and suffix, which functional group is present?
Androsterone is a male hormone. Based on its name and suffix, which functional group is present?
Progesterone is a female hormone. Based on its name and suffix, which functional group is present?
Chloral hydrate is a veterinary anesthetic. Based on its name, which two functional groups are present?
Ethynyl estradiol is an oral contraceptive. Based on its name, which two functional groups are present?
The following pairs of compounds have about the same molar mass. Predict which compound in each pair has the higher boiling point.(a) CH3OCH3 or CH3CH2OH(b) CH3CH2CH2NH2 or CH3CH2CH2F.
The following pairs of compounds have about the same molar mass. Predict which compound in each pair has the higher boiling point.(a) CH3COOH or HCOOCH3(b) CH3CH2CONH2 or CH3COOCH3.
Identify each of the following biological compounds as a protein, carbohydrate, lipid, or nucleic acid based on the following descriptions.(a) A chain of amino acids joined by an amide
Identify each of the following biological compounds as a protein, carbohydrate, lipid, or nucleic acid based on the following descriptions.(a) Three fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule by

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