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the physical universe

Questions and Answers of The Physical Universe

When it leaves the lens, which path will the incoming ray in Fig. 7-70 follow? A B
Is the mercury column in a thermometer wider or narrower than it seems to be?
Under what circumstances, if any, will a light ray that passes through a converging lens not be deviated? Under what circumstances, if any, will a light ray that passes through a diverging lens not
What is the difference between a real image and a virtual image?
A medal in a plastic cube appears to be 12 mm below the top of the cube. If n = 1.5 for the plastic, the depth of the medal is actuallya. 6 mmb. 8 mmc. 18 mmd. 24 mm
The speed of light in diamond is 1.24 × 108 m/s. The index of refraction of diamond isa. 1.24b. 2.31c. 2.42d. 3.72
A leaf frozen into a pond in winter is 40 mm below the surface of the ice. How far down does the leaf seem to be? (nice = 1.31)
One kilohertz (kHz) is equal to 103 Hz. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves sent out by a radio station whose frequency is 660 kHz? The speed of light is 3 × 108 m/s.a. 2.2 × 10−3
A boat at anchor is rocked by waves whose crests are 20 m apart and whose speed is 5 m/s. These waves reach the boat with a frequency ofa. 0.25 Hzb. 4 Hzc. 20 Hzd. 100 Hz
Which of the paths shown in Fig. 7-69 could represent a ray of light passing through a glass block in air? A B D
Waves in a lake are observed to be 5 m in length and to pass an anchored boat 1.25 s apart. The speed of the waves isa. 0.25 m/sb. 4 m/sc. 6.25 m/sd. impossible to find from the information given
The wavelength of sound waves having a frequency of 256 Hz compared with the wavelength of sound waves having a frequency of 512 Hz isa. half as greatb. the samec. twice as greatd. four times as great
When a fish looks up through the water surface at an object in the air, will the object appear to be its normal size and distance above the water? Use a diagram to explain your answer, and assume
The speed of sound waves having a frequency of 256 Hz compared with the speed of sound waves having a frequency of 512 Hz isa. half as greatb. the samec. twice as greatd. four times as great
Which one or more of the following will improve the resolving power of a lens?a. increase the wavelength of the light usedb. increase the frequency of the light usedc. decrease the diameter of the
Can the index of refraction of a substance be less than 1? If not, why not?
The useful magnification of a telescope is limited by a. the speed of lightb. the doppler effectc. interferenced. diffraction
Diffraction refers toa. the splitting of a beam of white light into its component colorsb. the interference of light that produces bright colors in thin oil filmsc. the bending of waves around the
What is the height of the smallest mirror in which you could see yourself at full length? Use a diagram to explain your answer. Does it matter how far away you are?
The sky is blue becausea. air molecules are blueb. the lens of the eye is bluec. the scattering of light is more efficient the shorter its wavelengthd. the scattering of light is more efficient the
Thin films of oil and soapy water owe their brilliant colors to a combination of reflection, refraction, anda. scatteringb. interferencec. diffractiond. the doppler effect
When a light ray is reflected, which of the following quantities, if any, is always unchanged: the direction of the ray, its speed, its frequency, its wavelength?
The Danish flag is red and white. When viewed with red light it appearsa. all redb. all whitec. red and whited. red and black
The Spanish flag is yellow and red. When viewed with yellow light it appearsa. all yellowb. yellow and redc. yellow and blackd. white and red
A nanosecond is 10−9 s.(a) What is the frequency of an em wave whose period is 1 ns?(b) What is its wavelength? (c) To what class of em waves does it belong?
Light of which color has the shortest wavelength?a. redb. bluec. yellowd. green
Light of which color has the lowest frequency?a. redb. bluec. yellowd. green
An opera performance is being broadcast by radio. Who will hear a certain sound first, a member of the audience 30 m from the stage or a listener to a radio receiver 5000 km away?
The quality in sound that corresponds to color in light isa. amplitudeb. resonancec. waveformd. pitch
A converging lens of focal length f is being used as a magnifying glass. The distance of an object from the lens must bea. less than fb. fc. between f and 2fd. more than f
Visible light of which color has the lowest frequency? The highest frequency? The shortest wavelength? The longest wavelength?
The image formed by a diverging lens of a real object is never which one or more of the following?a. realb. virtualc. erectd. smaller than the object
The image of a real object closer to a converging lens than f is always which one or more of the following?a. smaller than the objectb. the same size as the objectc. virtuald. inverted
Light waves carry both energy and momentum. Why doesn’t the momentum of the sun diminish with time as its energy content does?
The image of a real object farther from a converging lens than f is always which one or more of the following?a. smaller than the objectb. the same size as the objectc. virtuald. inverted
A real image formed by any lens is always which one or more of the following?a. smaller than the objectb. larger than the objectc. erectd. inverted
Light is said to be a transverse wave. What is it that varies at right angles to the direction in which a light wave travels?
The index of refraction of a transparent substance is alwaysa. less than 1b. 1c. greater than 1d. any of the above
A fish that you are looking at from a boat seems to be 60 cm below the water surface. The actual depth of the fisha. is less than 60 cmb. is 60 cmc. is more than 60 cmd. may be any of these,
How could you show that light carries energy?
A pencil in a glass of water appears bent. This is an example ofa. reflectionc. diffractionb. refractiond. interference
The ionosphere is a region of ionized gas in the upper atmosphere. The ionosphere is responsible fora. the blue color of the skyb. rainbowsc. long-distance radio communicationd. the ability of
The characteristic wavelengths of light emitted by a distant star are observed to be shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. What does this suggest about the motion of the star relative to the
A beam of transverse waves whose variations occur in all directions perpendicular to their direction of motion isa. resolvedb. diffractedc. polarizedd. unpolarized
Light wavesa. require air or another gas to travel throughb. require some kind of matter to travel throughc. require electric and magnetic fields to travel throughd. can travel through a perfect
In what kinds of waves can the doppler effect occur?
The energy of an em wave resides in itsa. frequencyb. wavelengthc. speedd. electric and magnetic fields
Which of the following do(es) not consist of em waves?a. x-raysb. radar wavesc. sound wavesd. infrared waves
Electromagnetic waves transporta. frequencyb. wavelengthc. charged. energy
In a vacuum the speed of an em wavea. depends upon its frequencyb. depends upon its wavelengthc. depends upon the strength of its electric and magnetic fieldsd. is a universal constant
A person determines the direction from which a sound comes by means of two mechanisms. One compares the loudness of the sound in one ear with that in the other ear, which is most effective at low
Maxwell based his theory of electromagnetic (em) waves on the hypothesis that a changing electric field gives rise toa. an electric currentb. a stream of electronsc. a magnetic fieldd. longitudinal
A spacecraft is approaching the earth. Relative to the radio signals it sends out, the signals received on the earth havea. a lower frequencyb. a shorter wavelengthc. a higher speedd. all of the above
Find the speed of sound in the rail.An airplane is flying at 500 km/h at an altitude of 4.0 km. When the sound of the airplane’s engines seems to somebody on the ground to be coming from directly
The doppler effect occursa. only with sound wavesb. only with longitudinal wavesc. only with transverse wavesd. with all types of waves
Six flutes playing together produce a 60-dB sound. The number of flutes needed to produce a 70-dB sound isa. 7b. 60c. 70d. 120
Even if astronauts on the moon’s surface did not need to be enclosed in space suits, they could not speak directly to each other but would have to communicate by radio. Can you think of the reason?
The lower the frequency of a sound wave, thea. higher its speedc. louder it isb. higher its pitchd. longer its wavelength
The greater the amplitude of a wave, the greater itsa. frequencyc. speedb. wavelengthd. energy
Why does sound travel fastest in solids and slowest in gases?
Sound travels slowest ina. airc. ironb. waterd. a vacuum
Sound cannot travel througha. a solidb. a liquidc. a gasd. a vacuum
At one end of a ripple tank 90 cm across, a 6-Hz vibrator produces waves whose wavelength is 50 mm. Find the time the waves need to cross the tank.
Sound waves area. longitudinalb. transversec. a mixture of longitudinal and transversed. sometimes longitudinal and sometimes transverse
Water waves area. longitudinalb. transversec. a mixture of longitudinal and transversed. sometimes longitudinal and sometimes transverse
Water waves whose crests are 6 m apart reach the shore every 1.2 s. Find the frequency and speed of the waves.
Energy is carried by which one or more of the following waves?a. sound wavesb. light wavesc. water wavesd. waves in a stretched string
Of the following properties of a wave, the one that is independent of the others is itsa. frequencyb. wavelengthc. speedd. amplitude
(a) Distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves. (b) Do all waves fall into one or the other of these categories? If not, give an example of one that does not.
The distance from crest to crest of any wave is called itsa. frequencyb. wavelengthc. speedd. amplitude
A transformer rated at a maximum power of 10 kW is used to couple a 5000-V transmission line to a 240-V circuit. What is the maximum current in the 240-V circuit?
What would happen if the primary coil of a transformer were connected to a battery?
What acts on the secondary coil of a transformer to cause an alternating voltage to occur across its ends even though the primary and secondary coils are not connected?
The shaft of a generator is much easier to turn when the generator is not connected to an outside circuit than when such a connection is made. Why?
When a wire loop is rotated in a magnetic field, the direction of the current induced in the loop reverses itself twice per rotation. Why?
A length of copper wire AB rests across a pair of parallel copper wires that are connected to a battery through a switch, as in Fig. 6-52. The arrangement is placed between the poles of a magnet and
A current-carrying wire is in a magnetic field. What angle should the wire make with the direction of the field for the force on it to be zero? What should the angle be for the force to be a maximum?
Two parallel wires carry currents in the same direction.Do they attract each other, repel each other, or not affect each other? What happens when the currents are in opposite directions?
Explain why lines of force can never cross one another.
Why is a piece of iron attracted to either pole of a magnet?
A 1.35-V mercury cell with a capacity of 1.5 A · h is used to power a cardiac pacemaker. (a) If the power required is 0.1 mW (1 mW = 1 milliwatt = 0.001 W), what is the average current?(b) How
A 240-V clothes dryer draws a current of 15 A. How much energy, in kilowatt-hours and in joules, does it use in 45 min of operation?
A transformer whose primary coil has twice as many turns as its secondary coil is used to convert 240-V ac to 120-V ac. If the current in the secondary coil is 4 A, the primary current isa. 1 Ab. 2
If your home has a 120-V power line, how much power in watts can you draw from the line before a 30-A fuse will burn out? How many 100-W lightbulbs can you put in the circuit before the fuse will
A 240-V, 1-kW electric heater is mistakenly connected to a 120-V power line that has a 15-A fuse. The heater willa. give off less than 1 kW of heatb. give off 1 kW of heatc. give off more than 1 kW
A 120-V, 1-kW electric heater is mistakenly connected to a 240-V power line that has a 15-A fuse. The heater willa. give off less than 1 kW of heatb. give off 1 kW of heatc. give off more than 1 kW
An electric drill rated at 400 W is connected to a 240-V power line. How much current does it draw?
A car’s storage battery is being charged at a rate of 75 W. If the potential difference across the battery’s terminals is 13.6 V, charge is being transferred between its plates ata. 0.18 C/sb.
The current in a 40-W, 120-V electric light bulb isa. 1/3 Ab. 3 Ac. 80 Ad. 4800 A
(a) If a 75-W lightbulb is connected to a 120-V power line, how much current flows through it? (b) What is the resistance of the bulb?
The resistance of a lightbulb that draws a current of 2 A when connected to a 12-V battery isa. 1.67 Ωb. 2 Ωc. 6 Ωd. 24 Ω
The voltage needed to produce a current of 5 A in a resistance of 40 Ω isa. 0.125 Vb. 5 Vc. 8 Vd. 200 V
How are the terminals of a set of batteries connected when the batteries are in series? In parallel? What is the advantage of each combination?
When the voltage across a certain resistance is V, the power delivered is P. If the voltage is doubled to 2V, the power delivered becomesa. 2Pb. 4Pc. P2d. 4P2
Five joules of work are needed to shift 10 C of charge from one place to another. The potential difference between the places isa. 0.5 Vb. 2 Vc. 5 Vd. 10 V
Should a fuse be connected in series or in parallel with the circuit it is meant to protect? Why?
The force between two charges of −3 × 10−9 C that are 5 cm apart isa. 1.8 × 10−16 Nb. 3.6 × 10−15 Nc. 1.6 × 10−6 Nd. 3.2 × 10−5 N
A positive and a negative charge are initially 4 cm apart.When they are moved closer together so that they are now only 1 cm apart, the force between them isa. 4 times smaller than beforeb. 4 times
What potential difference must be applied across a 1500-Ω resistance in order that the resulting current be 50 mA (1 mA = 1 milliampere = 0.001 A)?
If 105 electrons are added to a neutral object, its charge will bea. −1.6 × 10−24 Cb. −1.6 × 10−14 Cc. +1.6 × 10−24 Cd. +1.6 × 10−14 C

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