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the physical universe

Questions and Answers of The Physical Universe

Why are Saturn’s rings believed to consist of small particles rather than being solid sheets of matter or thin gas clouds?
Eclipses of the moon occur ata. New moonb. First or last quarter c. Full moond. Any time
Eclipses of the sun occur ata. New moonb. First or last quarter c. Full moond. Any time
The interior of Jupiter’s satellite Io is thought to be heated through being flexed by the gravitational pulls of Jupiter and two other satellites. Why is Io’s interior believed to be hot?
An eclipse of the sun can occura. Only when the moon passes directly between the earth and the sunb. Only when the sun passes directly between the earth and the moonc. Only when the earth passes
At new moon, the moon isa. Between the earth and the sunb. On the opposite side of the earth from the sunc. On the opposite side of the sun from the earthd. To the side of a line between the earth
What is believed to be the nature of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter?
The moon’s diameter is abouta. _110_ that of the earthb. _14 that of the earthc. _12 that of the earthd. _34 that of the earth
The durations of “day” and “night” at a given place on the moon each correspond to abouta. 1 day on earthb. 1 week on earthc. 2 weeks on earthd. 4 weeks on earth
Is there any evidence that an asteroid ever collided with the earth? Could such a collision occur in the future?
Relative to the time the moon takes to circle the earth, the period of its rotation on its axis isa. Shorterb. The samec. Longerd. Any of these, depending on the time of the year
An asteroid 2 km or more across could cause a worldwide catastrophe. Such an asteroid is thought to collide with the earth an average of roughly every a. Thousand yearsb. Million years c.
What is believed to be the origin of the asteroids?
The largest known asteroid is about as far across asa. New York Cityb. Texasc. The United Statesd. The moon
The asteroids probably consist largely ofa. Iceb. Frozen methanec. Silicate mineralsd. Metallic iron
Why is ultraviolet radiation from the sun more of a hazard to life on Mars than on the earth?
The dwarf planets have diameters of abouta. 1 kmb. 10 kmc. 1000 kmd. That of the moon
Polar ice caps are found ona. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. Jupiter
Why does Mars appear red?
Asteroids are founda. Spread evenly throughout the solar systemb. Mainly in a belt between the earth and the moonc. Mainly in a belt between the earth and Marsd. Mainly in a belt between Mars and
A planet that consists largely of hydrogen and helium isa. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. Jupiter
Mars has surface features that seem to be the result of erosion by running water. Why does the presence of many meteoroid craters in some of these regions suggest that the running water disappeared
Meteor craters are observed on the surface of which of the following?a. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. The moon
The rings of Saturna. Are gas cloudsb. Are sheets of liquidc. Are sheets of solid rockd. Consist of separate particles
Give three reasons why Venus is a brighter object in the sky than Mars.
The spacecraft that traveled to Mars did not finda. Heavily cratered regionsb. Lava flowsc. Dust stormsd. Living things
Compared with the earth, Mars hasa. A denser atmosphereb. More surface waterc. A lower average surface temperatured. A shorter year
Far fewer meteoroid craters of ancient origin have been observed on Venus than expected. Could running water have eroded the others? If not, what might be the reason?
Of the following members of the solar system, the one that never exhibits phases to us isa. The moonb. Mercury c. Venusd. Mars
The largest of Jupiter’s satellites is about the size ofa. A large shipb. The moon c. Mercuryd. The earth
Why are Mercury and Venus the only planets that show phases like those of the moon?
The surface of Titan, Saturn’s largest moon,a. Has many active volcanoesb. Shows signs of erosion by flowing liquidc. Is covered with liquid waterd. Is covered with water ice
The two planets of the solar system that do not have satellites area. Mercury and Venusb. Mars and Saturnc. Jupiter and Neptuned. Neptune and Uranus
Why are Mercury and Venus always seen either around sunrise or around sunset?
A dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide is found ona. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. The moon
An astronaut would weigh least on the surface ofa. Venusb. Earth c. Marsd. Jupiter
Why is it very unlikely that there is life on Mercury?
The planet whose surface most resembles that of the moon isa. Mercuryb. Venus c. Jupiterd. Saturn
Of the following planets, the least conspicuous in the sky isa. Venusb. Mars c. Jupiterd. Neptune
Why are most meteorites found in Antarctica?
A planet with virtually no atmosphere isa. Mercuryb. Mars c. Jupiterd. Saturn
The planet with the longest year isa. Mercuryb. Jupiter c. Saturnd. Neptune
Over 90 percent of the meteorites found after a known fall are stony, yet most of the meteorites in museums are iron. Why do you think this is so?
The planet closest to the earth in size and mass isa. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. Uranus
The largest of the following planets isa. Marsb. Jupiter c. Saturnd. Uranus
When a comet is close enough to the sun to be seen from the earth, stars are visible through both the comet’s head and tail. What does this imply about the danger to the earth from a collision with
The smallest of the following planets isa. Marsb. Jupiterc. Saturnd. Uranus
The planet nearest the sun isa. Mercuryb. Venus c. Saturnd. Neptune
How do the orbits of comets compare in shape with the orbits of the planets?
The planets are visible becausea. Their atmospheres are excited to luminescence by the solar windb. They are hot enough to radiate lightc. They reflect sunlightd. They reflect starlight
The majority of meteoroids consist ofa. Silicate mineralsb. Calcite c. Irond. Nickel
On which planets would a person weigh less than on the earth? On which planets would a person weigh more?
Meteoroidsa. Come from the sunb. Come from the moonc. Come from outside the solar systemd. Are members of the solar system
When visibility is good and there are no meteor showers, it is possible to see about 5 to 10 meteors pera. Minuteb. Hour c. Nightd. Week
Which planets, if any, have no satellites?
Meteor showers occura. At the same times each yearb. At random timesc. In connection with solar eclipsesd. In connection with lunar eclipses
Comet tails alwaysa. Are longest near the sunb. Are shortest near the sunc. Are of constant lengthd. Point away from a comet’s direction of motion
Which is the largest planet? The smallest? Which planet is nearest the sun?
Comets consist ofa. Leftover matter from the early solar systemb. The debris of a shattered planetc. Luminous gasesd. Particles from the solar wind
Cometsa. Follow orbits around the earthb. Follow orbits around the sunc. Move randomly through the solar systemd. Are the tracks left in the atmosphere by meteoroids
Which planets are visible to the unaided eye?
Minnesota has a great many shallow lakes. How do you think they originated?
What were the ice ages? When did they occur?
The same reptiles were present on all continents during the Mesozoic Era, but the mammals of the Cenozoic Era were often different on different continents. Why?
From what type of animal did birds evolve? Are modern birds closest anatomically to butterflies, bats, flying fish, or crocodiles?
What kind of animals were the dinosaurs? Were they mostly small, mostly large, or were they of all sizes?
What is believed to be the origin of petroleum? Of natural gas?
Why is it believed that large parts of the United States were once covered by shallow seas?
During the most recent ice agea. There was a single glacial advanceb. There were several glacial advances and retreatsc. The entire earth was covered with an ice sheetd. All animal life perished and
The Cenozoic Era represents a perioda. Of almost continuous tectonic activityb. Of relative stability, with erosion and sedimentation the chief geologic processesc. Of relatively uniform climate
Paleozoic sedimentary rocks derived from marine deposits are widely distributed in all the continents.What does this indicate about the height of the continents relative to sea level in the Paleozoic
The line of descent of humans broke away from that of the apes roughlya. 15,000 years agob. 100,000 years agoc. 7 million years agod. 100 million years ago
Pangaea broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana, which themselves then broke up in thea. Cenozoicb. Mesozoic c. Paleozoicd. Precambrian
What conspicuous difference is there between Precambrian sedimentary rocks and those of later eras?
During the Cenozoic Eraa. Laurasia and Gondwana split into today’s continentsb. lithospheric plates stopped movingc. Shallow seas covered most of the continentsd. Mammals became the dominant form
The ancestors of the birds werea. Reptilesb. Mammals c. Amphibiansd. Insects
Precambrian rocks include sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic varieties. What does this suggest about the geologic activity in Precambrian time?
The leading explanation for the disappearance of the dinosaurs involvesa. The Little Ice Ageb. A worldwide floodc. An asteroid impactd. Competition from mammals
Dinosaurs were the dominant form of animal life for a period of abouta. 1000 yearsb. 1 million yearsc. 100 million yearsd. 1 billion years
The earth’s history is sometimes divided into two eons, Cryptozoic (“hidden life”) and Phanerozoic (“visible life”), with the first corresponding to Precambrian time and the second
Dinosaurs were abundant in thea. Cenozoic b. Mesozoic c. Paleozoicd. Precambrian
The dinosaurs were which one or more of the following?a. Reptilesb. Primitive mammalsc. All carnivorousd. Still living when early humans appeared
What is the oldest division of geologic time? In what division are we living today?
Amphibians, fishes, and marine invertebrates were the dominant form of life in thea. Cenozoicb. Mesozoicc. Paleozoic d. Precambrian
The oldest land vertbrates werea. Reptilesb. Dinosaurs c. Mammalsd. Amphibians
Why are fossils never found in igneous rocks and only rarely in metamorphic rocks?
A bed of coal usually implies that the region was once aa. Desertb. Coniferous forest c. Swampd. River bed
List as many different kinds of fossils as you can.
Coal is composed ofa. Petrified woodb. Buried plant material that has partially decayedc. Buried animal material that has partially decayedd. A variety of igneous rock
Ancient geologic processes as revealed in Precambrian strata werea. Primarily volcanicb. Primarily glacialc. Primarily erosion and sedimentationd. Of the same kinds as those of the present time
The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years. If a rock sample contains 0.010 percent of this radionuclide today, what was its percentage in the rock 3.9 billion years ago?
The oxygen in the atmospherea. Was present since the earth was formedb. Was emitted by volcanoesc. Is the result of sunlight decomposing water vapord. Was produced by photosynthesis
Living things have been present on the eartha. Only in the most recent geological erab. Only since Pangaea split into Laurasia and Gondwanac. For most of its existenced. For all of its existence
What is the basis of the radiocarbon dating procedure?
Precambrian rocks area. Never foundb. Extremely rarec. Exposed in a number of regionsd. The most common rocks
Arrange the following divisions of geologic time in their proper sequence, starting with the oldest:a. Paleozoic Erab. Precambrian time c. Cenozoic Erad. Mesozoic Era
The earth was formeda. In 4004 B.C.b. About 2 million years agoc. About 4.6 billion years agod. About 10 billion years ago
The division of geologic time into eras and periods is based upona. The coming of ice agesb. The disappearance of continentsc. Biological extinctionsd. Worldwide flooding
The oldest sediments found on the floor of the South Atlantic Ocean, which are 1300 km west of the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, were deposited about 70 million years ago. What rate of plate
Conditions for the preservation of fossils are best fulfilleda. In the desertb. On the floors of shallow seasc. On ocean floorsd. On river beds

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