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sciences
the physical universe
The Physical Universe 16th edition Konrad B Krauskopf, Arthur Beiser - Solutions
Why are large telescopes valuable in astronomy?
Compared with a large telescope mirror, a large telescope lensa. is easier to support against sagb. does not disperse lightc. can provide higher magnificationd. has no advantages
What has been the chief influence that shaped the lunar landscape during the past 3 billion years?
The moon’s interior cannot be very hot because it is heat from the earth’s interior that is ultimately responsible for earthquakes by causing crustal movements.
The moon’s maria are dark, relatively smooth regions conspicuous even to the naked eye. What is their nature?
In what phase must the moon be at the time of a solar eclipse? At the time of a lunar eclipse?
If the moon were smaller than it is, would total eclipses of the sun still occur? Would total eclipses of the moon still occur?
To what approximate length of time on the earth does the length of “day” at a given place on the moon correspond? The length of “night”?
Approximately how much time elapses between new moon and full moon?
What is wrong with the statement that the moon is more useful to us than the sun because the moon provides illumination at night when it is needed most?
How does Pluto compare in size with the moon? With the satellites of the other planets?
The interior of the moon is probably entirely or almost entirelya. Liquidb. Solid c. Gaseousd. Hollow
Relative to the oldest rocks that have been found on the moon, the oldest rocks found on the earth area. Youngerb. About the same agec. Somewhat olderd. Very much older
What are thought to be the chief constituents of the giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune?
The time needed for the Apollo spacecraft to reach the moon was abouta. 3 hb. 3 days c. 3 weeksd. 3 months
The moon’s surface shows no signs ofa. Volcanic actionb. Meteoroid bombardmentc. Ever having meltedd. Glacier erosion
Is there any evidence that planets other than the earth today have crusts that consist of huge moving plates?
Most of the craters on the moon are probably the result ofa. Volcanic actionb. Meteoroid bombardmentc. Erosiond. Collisions with asteroids
The moon’s maria area. Bodies of water like the earth’s oceansb. Solid lava flowsc. Lava flows pulverized by meteoroid impactsd. Hardened sediments
Saturn’s satellite Titan has an atmosphere. Do any of the other planetary satellites also have atmospheres?
The moon’s surface isa. Perfectly smoothb. Irregular but relatively smoother than the earth’s surfacec. About as irregular as the earth’s surfaced. Much more irregular than the earth’s surface
The average density of the moon isa. Lower than that of the earthb. About the same as that of the earthc. Higher than that of the earthd. Unknown
Why are Saturn’s rings believed to consist of small particles rather than being solid sheets of matter or thin gas clouds?
Eclipses of the moon occur ata. New moonb. First or last quarter c. Full moond. Any time
Eclipses of the sun occur ata. New moonb. First or last quarter c. Full moond. Any time
The interior of Jupiter’s satellite Io is thought to be heated through being flexed by the gravitational pulls of Jupiter and two other satellites. Why is Io’s interior believed to be hot?
An eclipse of the sun can occura. Only when the moon passes directly between the earth and the sunb. Only when the sun passes directly between the earth and the moonc. Only when the earth passes directly between the sun and the moond. At any time
At new moon, the moon isa. Between the earth and the sunb. On the opposite side of the earth from the sunc. On the opposite side of the sun from the earthd. To the side of a line between the earth and the sun
What is believed to be the nature of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter?
The moon’s diameter is abouta. _110_ that of the earthb. _14 that of the earthc. _12 that of the earthd. _34 that of the earth
The durations of “day” and “night” at a given place on the moon each correspond to abouta. 1 day on earthb. 1 week on earthc. 2 weeks on earthd. 4 weeks on earth
Is there any evidence that an asteroid ever collided with the earth? Could such a collision occur in the future?
Relative to the time the moon takes to circle the earth, the period of its rotation on its axis isa. Shorterb. The samec. Longerd. Any of these, depending on the time of the year
An asteroid 2 km or more across could cause a worldwide catastrophe. Such an asteroid is thought to collide with the earth an average of roughly every a. Thousand yearsb. Million years c. Billion yearsd. 10 Billion years
What is believed to be the origin of the asteroids?
The largest known asteroid is about as far across asa. New York Cityb. Texasc. The United Statesd. The moon
The asteroids probably consist largely ofa. Iceb. Frozen methanec. Silicate mineralsd. Metallic iron
Why is ultraviolet radiation from the sun more of a hazard to life on Mars than on the earth?
The dwarf planets have diameters of abouta. 1 kmb. 10 kmc. 1000 kmd. That of the moon
Polar ice caps are found ona. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. Jupiter
Why does Mars appear red?
Asteroids are founda. Spread evenly throughout the solar systemb. Mainly in a belt between the earth and the moonc. Mainly in a belt between the earth and Marsd. Mainly in a belt between Mars and Jupiter
A planet that consists largely of hydrogen and helium isa. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. Jupiter
Mars has surface features that seem to be the result of erosion by running water. Why does the presence of many meteoroid craters in some of these regions suggest that the running water disappeared there long ago?
Meteor craters are observed on the surface of which of the following?a. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. The moon
The rings of Saturna. Are gas cloudsb. Are sheets of liquidc. Are sheets of solid rockd. Consist of separate particles
Give three reasons why Venus is a brighter object in the sky than Mars.
The spacecraft that traveled to Mars did not finda. Heavily cratered regionsb. Lava flowsc. Dust stormsd. Living things
Compared with the earth, Mars hasa. A denser atmosphereb. More surface waterc. A lower average surface temperatured. A shorter year
Far fewer meteoroid craters of ancient origin have been observed on Venus than expected. Could running water have eroded the others? If not, what might be the reason?
Of the following members of the solar system, the one that never exhibits phases to us isa. The moonb. Mercury c. Venusd. Mars
The largest of Jupiter’s satellites is about the size ofa. A large shipb. The moon c. Mercuryd. The earth
Why are Mercury and Venus the only planets that show phases like those of the moon?
The surface of Titan, Saturn’s largest moon,a. Has many active volcanoesb. Shows signs of erosion by flowing liquidc. Is covered with liquid waterd. Is covered with water ice
The two planets of the solar system that do not have satellites area. Mercury and Venusb. Mars and Saturnc. Jupiter and Neptuned. Neptune and Uranus
Why are Mercury and Venus always seen either around sunrise or around sunset?
A dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide is found ona. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. The moon
An astronaut would weigh least on the surface ofa. Venusb. Earth c. Marsd. Jupiter
Why is it very unlikely that there is life on Mercury?
The planet whose surface most resembles that of the moon isa. Mercuryb. Venus c. Jupiterd. Saturn
Of the following planets, the least conspicuous in the sky isa. Venusb. Mars c. Jupiterd. Neptune
Why are most meteorites found in Antarctica?
A planet with virtually no atmosphere isa. Mercuryb. Mars c. Jupiterd. Saturn
The planet with the longest year isa. Mercuryb. Jupiter c. Saturnd. Neptune
Over 90 percent of the meteorites found after a known fall are stony, yet most of the meteorites in museums are iron. Why do you think this is so?
The planet closest to the earth in size and mass isa. Mercuryb. Venus c. Marsd. Uranus
The largest of the following planets isa. Marsb. Jupiter c. Saturnd. Uranus
When a comet is close enough to the sun to be seen from the earth, stars are visible through both the comet’s head and tail. What does this imply about the danger to the earth from a collision with a comet?
The smallest of the following planets isa. Marsb. Jupiterc. Saturnd. Uranus
The planet nearest the sun isa. Mercuryb. Venus c. Saturnd. Neptune
How do the orbits of comets compare in shape with the orbits of the planets?
The planets are visible becausea. Their atmospheres are excited to luminescence by the solar windb. They are hot enough to radiate lightc. They reflect sunlightd. They reflect starlight
The majority of meteoroids consist ofa. Silicate mineralsb. Calcite c. Irond. Nickel
On which planets would a person weigh less than on the earth? On which planets would a person weigh more?
Meteoroidsa. Come from the sunb. Come from the moonc. Come from outside the solar systemd. Are members of the solar system
When visibility is good and there are no meteor showers, it is possible to see about 5 to 10 meteors pera. Minuteb. Hour c. Nightd. Week
Which planets, if any, have no satellites?
Meteor showers occura. At the same times each yearb. At random timesc. In connection with solar eclipsesd. In connection with lunar eclipses
Comet tails alwaysa. Are longest near the sunb. Are shortest near the sunc. Are of constant lengthd. Point away from a comet’s direction of motion
Which is the largest planet? The smallest? Which planet is nearest the sun?
Comets consist ofa. Leftover matter from the early solar systemb. The debris of a shattered planetc. Luminous gasesd. Particles from the solar wind
Cometsa. Follow orbits around the earthb. Follow orbits around the sunc. Move randomly through the solar systemd. Are the tracks left in the atmosphere by meteoroids
Which planets are visible to the unaided eye?
Minnesota has a great many shallow lakes. How do you think they originated?
What were the ice ages? When did they occur?
The same reptiles were present on all continents during the Mesozoic Era, but the mammals of the Cenozoic Era were often different on different continents. Why?
From what type of animal did birds evolve? Are modern birds closest anatomically to butterflies, bats, flying fish, or crocodiles?
What kind of animals were the dinosaurs? Were they mostly small, mostly large, or were they of all sizes?
What is believed to be the origin of petroleum? Of natural gas?
Why is it believed that large parts of the United States were once covered by shallow seas?
During the most recent ice agea. There was a single glacial advanceb. There were several glacial advances and retreatsc. The entire earth was covered with an ice sheetd. All animal life perished and had to start over again afterward
The Cenozoic Era represents a perioda. Of almost continuous tectonic activityb. Of relative stability, with erosion and sedimentation the chief geologic processesc. Of relatively uniform climate around the worldd. In which the reptile was the most advanced form of life
Paleozoic sedimentary rocks derived from marine deposits are widely distributed in all the continents.What does this indicate about the height of the continents relative to sea level in the Paleozoic Era?
The line of descent of humans broke away from that of the apes roughlya. 15,000 years agob. 100,000 years agoc. 7 million years agod. 100 million years ago
Pangaea broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana, which themselves then broke up in thea. Cenozoicb. Mesozoic c. Paleozoicd. Precambrian
What conspicuous difference is there between Precambrian sedimentary rocks and those of later eras?
During the Cenozoic Eraa. Laurasia and Gondwana split into today’s continentsb. lithospheric plates stopped movingc. Shallow seas covered most of the continentsd. Mammals became the dominant form of animal life
The ancestors of the birds werea. Reptilesb. Mammals c. Amphibiansd. Insects
Precambrian rocks include sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic varieties. What does this suggest about the geologic activity in Precambrian time?
The leading explanation for the disappearance of the dinosaurs involvesa. The Little Ice Ageb. A worldwide floodc. An asteroid impactd. Competition from mammals
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