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organizational behavior
Questions and Answers of
Organizational Behavior
Is there a difference between cheating on a math test, lying about your age to purchase a cheaper ticket at a movie theatre, and using someone else’s ID to get a drink at a bar?
Assume you have been hired by the head of a tobacco industry group to do a cost–benefit analysis of whether the tobacco firms should disclose that nicotine is addictive. Assume this is before the
How does virtue theory apply to both the decision maker and the act under consideration by that party? Explain.
Distinguish between ethical rights and obligations from the perspective of accountants and auditors.
Assume in the Digit Print case that the venture capitalists do not provide additional financing to the company even though the accrued expense adjustments have not been made. The company hires an
IFAC, the global organization for the accountancy profession dedicated to serving the public interest, issued IFAC Policy Position Paper #4, titled A Public Interest Framework for the Accountancy
The 2011 National Business Ethics Survey, Workplace Ethics in Transition, issued by the Ethics Resource Center (ERC) reports the following results:The percentage of employees who witnessed misconduct
In the discussion of loyalty in this chapter a statement is made that “your ethical obligation is to report what you have observed to your supervisor and let her take the appropriate action.” We
Assume that a corporate officer or other executive asks you, as the accountant for the company, to omit or leave out certain financial figures from the balance sheet that may paint the business in a
Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832), the Scottish novelist and poet, wrote: “Oh what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive.” Comment on what you think Scott meant by this phrase.
1. Using Josephson’s Six Pillars of Character, which of the character traits (virtues) apply to the Harvard cheating scandal and how do they apply with respect to the actions of each of the
1. Analyze the behavior of each party from the perspective of the Six Pillars of Character. Assess the personal responsibility of Ed Giles and Sue Regas for the relationship that developed between
1. Do you think the bystander effect was at work in the subway death incident? How might that effect translate to a situation where members of a work group observe financial improprieties committed
1. Assume Jose and Emily are CPAs and members of the AICPA. What ethical standards in the Code of Professional Conduct should guide them in dealing with the manager’s inability to support travel
Should Billy call his friend? Provide reasons why you think he should or should not. Is there any other action you suggest Billy take prior to deciding on the offer of Tick and Check? Why do you
1. Do you think it is ever right to back out of a promise you gave to someone else? If so, under what circumstances? If not, why not?2. Identify the stakeholders and their interests in this case.3.
1. What would motivate you to speak up and act or to stay silent?2. Assume you were in Gloria Hernandez’s position. What would you do and why?
1. Given the facts in the case, evaluate whether Kevin should take work home and not charge it to the job using deontological and teleological reasoning.2. What would you do if you were Kevin and
1. What should an employee do when he or she discovers that there is an error in a projection? Why do you suggest that action? Would your answer change if the error was not lie kely to affect other
Cleveland Custom Cabinets is a specialty cabinet manufacturer for high-end homes in the Cleveland Heights and Shaker Heights areas. The company manufactures cabinets built to the specifications of
1. An important issue in conducting business overseas is whether a company should follow their home country’s ethical standards or those of the host country. The ancient world adage “When in
Identify the stakeholders and how they were affected by Heene’s actions?
What stage of moral reasoning is exhibited by Richard Heene’s actions? Do you believe the punishment fit the crime? Why or why not?
How do you assess at what stage of moral development in Kohlberg’s model you reason at in making decisions? Are you satisfied with that stage? Do you believe there are factors or forces preventing
Using the child abuse scandal at Penn State discussed in Chapter1, explain the actions that would have been taken by Joe Paterno if he had been reasoning at each stage in Kohlberg’s model and why.
Aristotle believed that there was a definite relationship between having practical wisdom (i.e., knowledge or understanding that enables one to do the right thing) and having moral virtue, but these
In the text, we point out that Rest’s model is not linear in nature. An individual who demonstrates adequacy in one component may not necessarily be adequate in another, and moral failure can occur
In teaching about moral development, instructors often point out the threefold nature of morality: It depends on emotional development (in the form of ability to feel guilt or shame), social
Some empirical research suggests that accountants and auditors may not achieve their higher levels of ethical reasoning. Why do you think this statement may be correct?
Do you agree with Carol Gilligan’s criticism of Kohlberg’s model that women reason differently than men and rely more on a care-and-response orientation? Why or why not? Do you believe
Arthur Andersen LLP was the auditor for Enron, WorldCom, Waste Management and other companies that committed fraud. Andersen was forced to shut its doors forever after a U.S. Department of Justice
In this chapter we discuss the role of Sherron Watkins in the Enron fraud. Evaluate Watkins’ thought process and actions from the perspective of Kohlberg’s model. Do you think she went far enough
You are in charge of the checking account for a small business. One morning, your accounting supervisor enters your office and asks you for a check for $150 for expenses that he tells you he incurred
Do you believe that our beliefs trigger our actions, or do we act and then justify our actions by changing our beliefs? Explain.
Do you think Betty Vinson was a victim of “moral blindness”? Why or why not?
In her case against the Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) that resulted from actions against her for blowing the whistle on improper agency practices, Diem-Thi Le sought to provide DCAA documents
In this chapter, we discuss the study by Libby and Thorne of the association between auditors’ virtue and professional judgment by asking members of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants
Interpretation 102-4 of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct that was discussed in Chapter 1 provides that a CPA should not knowingly misrepresent facts or subordinate her judgment when performing
Explain what you think each of the following statements means in the context of moral development.a. How far are you willing to go to do the right thing?b. How much are you willing to give up to do
In a June 1997 paper published in the Journal of Business Ethics, Sharon Green and James Weber reported the results of a study of moral reasoning of accounting students prior to and after taking an
A major theme of this chapter is that our cognitive processes influence ethical decision making.Use the theme to comment on the following statement, which various religions claim as their own and has
1. What is the difference between accrual earnings and cash earnings? In addition to the effect on accrual earnings of capitalizing the line costs, how might the treatment mask the true nature of
1. Consider Kohlberg’s six stages of moral development. What would Cindie do and why if she re as one date ach of the six stages?2. Assume that Cindie approached Lyndell about her concerns. Lyndell
1. Assume Brenda has no reason to doubt Vincent’s veracity with respect to the statement that it is “a one-time request.” Should that make a difference in what Brenda decides to do? Why or why
Shifty Industries is a small business that sells home beauty products in the San Luis Obispo, California, area. The company has experienced a cash crunch and is unable to pay its bills on a timely
1. What is the proper way to account for the revenue in this case? Why?2. How might you go about convincing your supervisor of the proper accounting? That is, what factors might enable you to get
1. Do you think Greenberg did the “right” thing by opening the April bank statement and reconciling it to the general ledger? Why or why not? What about the previous bank statements?2. Explain
1. Identify the ethical and professional issues of concern to Beverly Wald in this case.2. Identify and evaluate the alternative courses of action for Wald, Ann Plotkin, and Ira Sugofsky to present
1. Explain the rules in accounting to determine whether an investment in a marketable security should be accounted for as trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. Include in your discussion
1. How do you assess blame for the fraud? That is, to what extent was it caused by Finn’s willingness to go along with the actions of Monus? What about Shapira’s lax oversight. Should the blame
1. What is at stake for the key parties? What is at stake for you (Kristen)? 2. What are the main arguments that you [Kristen] are trying to counter assuming you know Troy’s position on the matter
In her book ‘Seven Signs of Ethical Collapse,’ Jennings explains: “When an organization collapses ethically, it means that those in the organization have drifted into rationalizations and
Five months before the new 2002 Lexus ES hit showroom floors, the company's U.S. engineers sent a test report to Toyota City in Japan: The luxury sedan shifted gears so roughly that it was "not
The following questions deal with issues related to executive compensation: a. What is the business judgment rule and how does it relate to executive compensation?b. On August 9, 2005, Chancellor
Explain the “say on pay rule” and whether you believe it is likely to have an effect on large compensation packages of CEOs.
Distinguish between agency theory, stakeholder theory, and stewardship theory with respect to controlling the actions of managers.
Do you believe a member of the audit engagement team servicing a client should also serve on the audit committee of the board of directors of the client entity? Why or why not?
COSO explains the importance of the control environment to internal controls by stating it sets the tone of an organization, influencing the control consciousness of its people. It is the foundation
According to the IIA Code of Ethics, internal auditors should make a balanced assessment of all the relevant circumstances and should not be unduly influenced by their own interests or by others in
In the accounting fraud at the cable company Adelphia, top management had established a “cash management” system that enabled the founder of Adelphia and former CEO and chair of the board of
The 2011 National Business Ethics Survey defines “active social networkers” as people who spend more than 30 percent of the workday participating on social networking sites. Such employees are
How do the concepts of cognitive dissonance, organizational dissonance, and ethical dissonance relate to whether an accountant might choose to blow the whistle on corporate wrong doing?
According to the Business Roundtable, “Effective corporate governance requires a clear understanding of the respective roles of the board and senior management and their relationships with others
Explain the components of Burchard’s Ethical Dissonance Model and how it describes the ethical person-organization fit at various stages of the contractual relationship in each potential fit
Brief and Motowidlo define pro social behavior within the organizational setting as: Behavior which is (a) performed by a member of an organization, (b) directed toward an individual, group, or
Compare the role of Sherron Watkins as a whistle-blower in the Enron case to that of Leyla Wydler in the Allen Stanford Ponzi scheme in terms of the nature of the whistle-blowing and the motivation
In October 2010 it was reported that Cheryl Eckard, a quality-assurance manager at the pharmaceutical company Glaxo-SmithKline who had blown the whistle on the safety of products made in its Puerto
It is a distinguishing mark of actions labeled whistle-blowing that the agent intends to force attention to a serious moral problem. How does this statement relate to whistle-blowers who come forward
Do you believe that the Dodd-Frank whistle-blower program that incentivizes reporting fraud and other wrongdoings in return for a monetary reward is ethical? Use the ethical reasoning methods
Because of their access and knowledge, accountants are in an ideal position to provide their clients and the SEC with early and invaluable assistance in identifying the scope, participants, victims
“Give me the ‘Mc Facts,’ ma’am, nothing but the Mc Facts!” So argued the defense attorney for McDonald’s Corporation as she questioned Stella Liebeck, an 81-year-old retired sales clerk,
1. According to the Ethical Dissonance Model, the ethical person-organization fit helps to define the ethical culture of an organization and one’s role in it. The ethics of an individual influences
1. The following is from Amgen’s values statement: “Our Values form a deeply held belief system that guides our behavior, helps us make the right decisions and builds the framework for our daily
1. Identify the stakeholders in this case. Identify their interests and United’s obligations to satisfy those interests from an ethical perspective.2. Describe the ethical responsibilities of Tony
1. The original lawsuit filed in the HP case claimed that the executives breached their fiduciary responsibilities. What are the fiduciary responsibilities of executives and members of the board of
1. Should we regard Mr. ABC has a new “caped crusader” or an opportunist? Explain the reasons for your response.2. Is it ethical for a Wall Street insider to purposefully analyze financial data
1. What steps should Bennie Gordon take to ensure that the accounting matter is adequately addressed by the company? Why do you suggest those steps be taken? What are the ethical obligations of
1. The lawsuit filed by the Shareholders Foundation alleged that the board of directors of XTO breached its fiduciary duties. What are the fiduciary duties of the board? Identify the duties allegedly
1. Were the shareholders of Apple entitled to receive information about the health of Jobs? What about the general public? Of what value is such information? How might the company benefit from the
1. Evaluate the actions of the workers and management of Union Carbide in this case from the perspectives of System 1 and System 2 thinking that was discussed earlier?2. The document uncovered by the
1. What is the role of trust in business? How does trust relate to stakeholder interests? How does trust engender ethical leadership? Evaluate Mark Hurd’s actions in this case from a trust
It has been said that independence is the cornerstone of the accounting profession. Explain what this means. How do auditors protect against impairments of independence?
Do you think independence with respect to a client would be impaired if a partner leaves a CPA firm and is subsequently employed by a client of the firm that the partner audited? Why or why not? Are
Comment on the statement, “Independence is not easily achieved where an auditor is hired, paid, and fired by the same corporate managers whose activities are the subject of the audit.” How might
Assume a CPA serves as an audit client’s business consultant and performs each of the following services for the client. Discuss whether independence would be impaired in each instance and why.a)
States require accounting students, CPA candidates, and licensed CPAs to complete different forms of ethics education. Go to the Internet and look up the rules and regulations of the state board of
Assume you complete tax returns for clients. You were engaged to file the 2013 individual and corporate tax returns for a client. The client provided her records and other tax information to you on
In the fall of 2012, KPMG’s Columbus, Ohio office was auditing Jobs Ohio’s books while, at the same time, an out-of-state office of the firm was seeking $1 million in taxpayer money from Jobs
It has been said that ethical people try to observe both the form and spirit of ethical standards in making professional judgments. What does this mean? How does this relate to the “realistic
In the course of researching whether a particular tax position of your tax client satisfies the realistic possibility of success standard, you discover that another taxpayer took the same position on
Assume that the CPA firm of Giants & Jets LLP audits Knickerbocker Systems Inc. The controller of “the Knicks” happens to be a tax expert. During the current tax season, Giants & Jets gets far
The managing partner of a CPA firm is approached by the CEO of a major client in the firm’s headquarters office in New York City. The CEO can’t use two tickets to the Super Bowl between the
Can a CPA be independent without being objective? Why or why not? Can a CPA be objective without being independent? Why or why not? Does your answer matter assuming you only provide only non auditing
With respect to the Armadillo Foods case in this chapter, let’s assume that the controller is instructed by the CFO that to “make the numbers” the company must increase EPS by $.02 per share.
What is the danger from an ethical perspective of having a CPA firm that conducts the audit of a public company also engaged in consulting with the company on the installation of a new financial
In 2004, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) conducted an investigation of tax shelters of 61 Fortune 500 users of tax shelters provided by accounting firms that were their external auditors
The IRS contacted your client as part of an examination of its tax return and proposed that the client owes an extra $100,000. As the client’s tax accountant and a CPA, can you agree to handle the
A large, national accounting firm decides it is time to outsource the preparation of income tax returns to an organization in India that has performed outsource services for other U.S. CPA firms. The
In August 2008, Ernst & Young LLP agreed to pay more than $2.9 million to the SEC to settle charges that it violated ethics rules by coproducing a series of audio CDs with a man who was also a
On January 16, 2008, the SEC charged two former employees of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP with insider trading. According to the SEC’s complaint, Gregory B. Raben, a former PwC auditor, and William
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