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Organization Theory and Design 11th edition Richard L. Daft - Solutions
What is the definition of organization structure? Does organization structure appear on the organization chart? Explain.
Describe the virtual network structure. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using this structure compared to performing all activities in-house within an organization?
When is a functional structure preferable to a divisional structure?
Large corporations tend to use hybrid structures. Why?
What are the primary differences between a traditional, mechanistic organization designed for efficiency and a more contemporary, organic organization designed for learning?
What is the difference between a task force and a team? Between a liaison role and integrating role? Which of these provides the greatest amount of horizontal coordination?
As a manager, how would you create an organization with a high degree of relational coordination?
What conditions usually have to be present before an organization should adopt a matrix structure?
The manager of a consumer products firm said, "We use the brand manager position to train future executives." Do you think the brand manager position is a good training ground? Discuss.
Why do companies using a horizontal structure have cultures that emphasize openness, employee empowerment, and responsibility? What do you think a manager’s job would be like in a horizontally organized company?
1. What are IKEA’s organizational design elements? 2. How does IKEA approach innovation?. 3. Describe IKEA’s culture. 4. What challenges does IKEA face? In 1943, at age 17, Ingvar Kamprad formed IKEA. Anticipating the rising consumerism amid the rebuilding boom that would follow the war, IKEA
1. What are the goals at Acme? At Omega? 2. What impact do top managers have on these goals? Discuss. 3. Are these goals to be achieved with different strategies? Describe.
Which firm do you think will produce the best results? Why?
1. Which organization was more effective at developing the prototype and meeting the deadlines? Was its level of effectiveness due to the goals chosen by top management? 2. Predict which organization will get the final contract. Why?
1. How can Acme's success be explained? Did Acme's goals seem more appropriate? Did stakeholder satisfaction play a role? 2. Overall, who was more effective, Acme or Omega? Explain.
Define organizational environment. Would the task environment for a new Internet-based company be the same as that of a large government agency? Discuss.
Is changing the organization's domain a feasible strategy for coping with a threatening environment? Can you think of an organization in the recent news that has changed its domain? Explain.
What are some forces that influence environmental uncertainty? Which typically has the greatest impact on uncertainty--environmental complexity or environmental change? Why?
Name some factors causing environmental complexity for an organization of your choice. How might this environmental complexity lead to organizational complexity? Explain.
Discuss the importance of the international sector for today’s organizations, compared to domestic sectors. What are some ways in which the international sector affects organizations in your city or community?
Describe differentiation and integration. In what type of environmental uncertainty will differentiation and integration be greatest? Least?
How do you think planning in today’s organizations compares to planning twenty-five years ago? Do you think planning becomes more important or less important in a world where everything is changing fast and crises are a regular part of organizational life? Why?
What is an organic organization? A mechanistic organization? How does the environment influence organic and mechanistic structures?
Why do organizations become involved in inter organizational relationships? Do these relationships affect an organization's dependency? Performance?
Assume you have been asked to calculate the ratio of staff employees to production employees in two organizations--one in a simple, stable environment and one in a complex, shifting environment. How would you expect these ratios to differ? Why?
1. Why does conflict exist between the departments at Custom Chip, Inc.? 2. Analyze workflow interdependence among departments. 3. Based on your analysis, what recommendations would you give to management? 4. Would you recommend a change in the organization’s design? Custom Chip, Inc. is a
1. Briefly describe whether events in this case support or refute the resource dependence, collaborative network, population ecology, and institutional perspectives. Why or why not? 2. Do you think the changed relationships between Technologia and AUD could have occurred without VMI? Explain. 3.
1. How does the institutional environment and view come into play for Oxford in this case? 2. How does legitimacy fit into this situation? 3. How might coercive forces affect this decision?
The concept of business ecosystems implies that organizations are more interdependent than ever before. From personal experience do you agree? Explain.
How do mimetic forces differ from normative forces? Give an example of each.
How do you feel about the prospect of becoming a manager and having to manage a set of relationships with other companies rather than just managing your own company? Discuss.
Assume you are the manager of a small firm that is dependent on a large manufacturing customer that uses the resource dependence perspective. Put yourself in the position of the small firm, and describe what actions you would take to survive and succeed. What actions would you take from the
Many managers today were trained under assumptions of adversarial relationships with other companies. Do you think operating as adversaries is easier or more difficult than operating as partners with other companies? Discuss.
Discuss how the adversarial versus partnership orientations work among students in class. Is there a sense of competition for grades? Is it possible to develop true partnerships in which your work depends upon others?
The population ecology perspective argues that it is healthy for society to have new organizations emerging and old organizations dying as the environment changes. Do you agree? Why would European countries pass laws to sustain traditional organizations and inhibit the emergence of new ones?
Explain how the process of variation, selection, and retention might explain innovations that take place within an organization? Explain.
Do you believe that legitimacy really motivates a large, powerful organization such as Wal-Mart? Is acceptance by other people a motivation for individuals as well? Explain.
How does the desire for legitimacy result in organizations becoming more similar over time?
1. What is the main issue in this case?2. What are the forces for cultural change at First Union?3. Discuss the use of power at First Union.4. What political tactics should Meg use?Meg’s division was responsible for both employee training and management development, and the services that her
1. What are the arguments for and against Top Dog’s going international? 2. If Top Dog does decide to go international should it open its own offices, take on foreign partners, license its products to foreign distributors, or follow some other method?
Under what conditions should a company consider adopting a global geographical structure as opposed to a global product structure?
Compare the description of the transnational model in this chapter to the elements of the learning organization described in Chapter 1. Do you think the transnational model seems workable in a huge global firm? Discuss.
Name some companies that you think could succeed today with a globalization strategy and explain why you selected those companies. How does the globalization strategy differ from a multidomestic strategy?
Why would a company want to join a strategic alliance rather than go it alone in international operations? What do you see as the potential advantages and disadvantages of international alliances?
Do you think it makes sense for a transnational organization to have more than one headquarters? What might be some advantages associated with two headquarters, each responsible for different things? Can you think of any drawbacks?
What are some of the primary reasons a company decides to expand internationally? Identify a company in the news that has recently built a new overseas facility. Which of the three motivations for global expansion described in the chapter do you think best explains the company’s decision? Discuss.
When would an organization consider using a matrix structure? How does the global matrix differ from the domestic matrix structure described in Chapter 3?
Name some of the elements that contribute to greater complexity for international organizations. How do organizations address this complexity? Do you think these elements apply to an online company such as Netflix that wants to expand its online video streaming service internationally? Discuss.
Traditional values in Mexico support high power distance and a low tolerance for uncertainty. What would you predict about a company that opens a division in Mexico and tries to implement global teams characterized by shared power and authority and the lack of formal guidelines, rules, and
Do you believe it is possible for a global company to simultaneously achieve the goals of global efficiency and integration, national responsiveness and flexibility, and worldwide transfer of knowledge and innovation? Discuss.
1. Why was employee morale low? 2. Why does culture have to fit the organizational design? 3. What structural change did Ed implement? 4. What should Ed do to reduce turnover and absenteeism? The Orlando Metering Company was one of several facilities owned by a leading manufacturer of water
Where would your university or college department be located on Perrow's technology framework? Would a department devoted exclusively to teaching be put in a different quadrant from a department devoted exclusively to research?
Describe the sociotechnical systems model. Why might some managers oppose a sociotechnical systems approach?
Explain Thompson's levels of interdependence. What is the level of interdependence among departments (finance, marketing) in a business school. What kinds of coordination mechanisms might be used to handle that interdependence?
What relationships did Woodward discover between supervisor span of control and technological complexity?
How do digital factories and lean manufacturing differ from other manufacturing technologies? Why are these new approaches needed in today’s environment?
What is a service technology? Are different types of service technologies likely to be associated with different structures? Explain.
Lean concepts such as continuous improvement and waste reduction have long been used by manufacturing companies. Discuss how service firms can apply the same concepts. Why do you think many service companies are adopting these ideas?
Why might administrators at a hospital such as Seattle Children’s Hospital want to foster relational coordination?
A top executive claimed that top-level management is a craft technology because the work contains intangibles, such as handling personnel, interpreting the environment, and coping with unusual situations that have to be learned through experience. If this is true, is it appropriate to teach
To what extent does the development of new technologies simplify and routinize the job of employees? Can you give an example? How can new technology lead to job enlargement? Discuss.
1. What structural change is indicated at the Plaza Inn? 2. How could the Plaza Inn develop a collaborative strategy? 3. How could technology help solve the problems at the front desk? 4. What changes in culture are needed at the Plaza Inn? David Bart, General Manager of the Plaza Inn, received a
Do you think technology will eventually enable top managers to do their job with little face-to-face communication? Discuss.
Why does the application of advanced IT typically lead to greater decentralization? Could it also be used for greater centralization in some organizations? Explain.
What types of information technology do you as a student use on a regular basis? How might your life be different if this technology were not available to you?
How might an enterprise resource planning system be used to improve the management of a manufacturing organization?
Discuss some ways a large insurance company such as Allstate, Progressive, or State Farm might use social media tools such as blogs, wikis, or social networking. Do you think these tools are more applicable to a service company than to a manufacturing organization? Discuss.
Describe how the four balanced scorecard components discussed in the chapter might be used for feedback control within organizations. Which of these components is more similar to outcome control? Behavior control?
Describe your use of codified knowledge when you research and write a term paper. Do you also use tacit knowledge regarding this activity? Discuss.
Why is knowledge management particularly important to a company that wants to learn and change continuously rather than operate at a stable state?
What is meant by the integrated enterprise? Describe how organizations can use extranets to extend and enhance horizontal relationships required for enterprise integration.
What are some competitive issues that might lead a company to fully integrate e-business operations with its traditional business? What issues might lead it to keep its e-business as a separate unit or division? Discuss some advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
1. Describe the culture at Costco. 2. How does Costco motivate it employees? 3. What environmental issues does Costco face? 4. How is Costco a socially responsible company? In 2010, Costco’s reputation for rock-bottom pricing and razor-thin profit margins helped the company to maintain its
1. What is the problem with Williams's approach? What types of control were used at Sunflower by Williams? 2. What information medium would you consider appropriate for communicating new procedures on pricing and purchasing to employees? for announcing and providing authority to a new person
Why do large organizations tend to have larger ratios of clerical and administrative support staff? Why are they typically more formalized than small organizations?
Do you think a “no growth” philosophy of management should be taught in business schools? Discuss. ?
Apply the concept of life cycle to an organization with which you are familiar, such as a local business. What stage is the organization in now? How did the organization handle or pass through its life cycle crises?
Why do you think organizations feel pressure to grow? How do you think the companies described in the chapter Book Mark, Small Giants, resist that pressure?
Describe the three bases of authority identified by Weber. Is it possible for each of these types of authority to function at the same time within an organization? Discuss.
Look through several recent issues of a business magazine such as Fortune, BusinessWeek, or Fast Company and find examples of two companies that are using approaches to busting bureaucracy. Discuss the techniques these companies are applying.
In writing about types of control, William Ouchi said, "The Market is like the trout, and the Clan is like the salmon, each a beautiful highly specialized species which requires uncommon conditions for its survival. In comparison, the bureaucratic method of control is the catfish--clumsy, ugly, but
Government organizations often seem more bureaucratic than for-profit organizations. Could this partly be the result of the type of control used in government organizations? Explain.
How does the Salvation Army manage to be “several different kinds of organization at the same time”? Does the Salvation Army’s approach seem workable for a large media company like Time Warner or Disney that wants to reduce bureaucracy?
1. What is the main issue in this case? 2. How can the Donor Service Department become more effective? 3. Describe intergroup conflict in the Donor Service Department? 4. How could empowerment change the situation at the Donor Service Department? Sam wanted Joanna to analyze his Donor Services
How much do you think it is possible for an outsider to discern about the underlying cultural values of an organization by analyzing symbols, ceremonies, dress, or other observable aspects of culture, compared to an insider with several years of work experience? Select a percentage (e.g., 10%, 70%)
Codes of ethics have been criticized for transferring responsibility for ethical behavior from the organization to the individual employee. Do you agree? Do you think a code of ethics is valuable for an organization?
Many of the companies on Fortune magazine’s list of most admired companies are also on its list of most profitable ones. Some people say this proves that high social capital translates into profits. Other people suggest that high profitability is the primary reason the companies have a good
Can a strong bureaucratic culture also be a constructive culture, as defined in the text and in Exhibit 10.5? Discuss.
Why is values-based leadership so important to the influence of culture? Does a symbolic act communicate more about company values than an explicit statement? Discuss.
Could you recall a situation where either you or someone you know was confronted by an ethical dilemma, such as being encouraged to inflate an expense account or trade answers on a test? Do you think the decision was affected by individual moral values or by the accepted values within the team or
In a survey of 20,000 people in 16 European countries plus Russia, Turkey, and the United States, 55 percent of respondents said cheating in business is more common than it was 10 years ago. Do you believe this is truly the case, or have new forms of media simply made cheating more visible? Discuss.
What importance would you attribute to leadership statements and actions for influencing ethical values and decision making in an organization?
Why has globalization contributed to more complex ethical issues? Do you think it’s possible for a company operating in many different countries to have a cohesive corporate culture? To have uniform ethical values?
Explain the concept of shared value. Do you think managers in companies that take a shared value approach are more likely to behave in ethical and socially responsible ways? Discuss.
1. Discuss the organizational structure at Cisco Systems. 2. What design changes were needed? 3. How did globalization affect Cisco’s structure? 4. How has Cisco’s structure continued to evolve?
1. Analyze organizational structure. 2. What suggestions do you have for improvement in information flow? 3. How would you characterize the current interdependence between departments? How should it be improved? 4. Given that the president’s intent is to change shoe styles frequently, how could
1. Should the company go ahead with the move to Mexico or try one more time to work things out in the Oconomo facility? 2. Why do you think the union resists changes so strongly? 3. How can the company overcome this resistance?
Why do you think open innovation has become popular in recent years? What steps might a company take to be more “open” with innovation? What might be some disadvantages of taking an open innovation approach?
Examine the change curve illustrated in Exhibit and the five techniques for overcoming resistance to change discussed at the end of the chapter. Describe at which point along the change curve managers could use each of the five techniques to successfully implement a major change.
Describe the dual-core approach. How does the process of management change normally differ from technology change? Discuss.
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