Calculate the change in the molar Gibbs energy of oxygen when its pressure is increased isothermally from 50.0 kPa to 100.0 kPa at 500 K.

A gas mixture consists of 320 mg of methane, 175 mg of argon, and 225 mg of neon. The partial pressure of neon at 300 K is 8.87 kPa. Calculate (a) The volume and (b) The total pressure of the mixture.

Write the structure of the principal organic product to be expected from the reaction of 1-bromopropane with each of the following: (a) Sodium iodide in acetone (CH3CONa) (b) Sodium acetate in acetic...

Outline an efficient synthesis of each of the following compounds from the indicated starting material and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents: (a) Cyclopentyl cyanide from cyclopentane (b)...

Predict the major organic product of each of the following reactions: (a) Cyclohexyl bromide and potassium ethoxide (b) Ethyl bromide and potassium cyclohexanolate (c) sec-Butyl bromide solvolysis in...

Reaction of ethyl iodide with triethylamine yields a crystalline compound C8H20NI in high yield. This compound is soluble in polar solvents such as water but insoluble in nonpolar ones such as...

Examples of carbon-containing compounds include methane (CH4), chloromethane (CH3Cl), and methyl lithium (CH3Li). In which one does carbon bear the greatest partial positive charge? The greatest...

Predict the products of the following ether cleavagereactions: .CH3 (a) (b) "CH-CH HI CFCO2H CH H20 (d) HI %3DCHH2CH CH CH20-H2CH3 (c) I H20 CH

Consider the apparatus shown in the following drawing. (a) When the valve between the two containers is opened and the gases allowed mixing, how does the volume occupied by the N2 gas change? What is...

Zinc and magnesium metal each react with hydrochloric acid according to the following equations: Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) A 10.00- g mixture of...

Predict the product of the reaction of Propanal with each of the following: (a) Lithium aluminum hydride (b) Sodium borohydride (c) Hydrogen (nickel catalyst) (d) Methylmagnesium iodide, followed by...

Draw the idealized NMR spectra for the following compounds. Assume that the five hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring are equivalent with no spinspin coupling. a. H H -CH, b. O CH CH3-C-C-CH CH3 c....

The active ingredients of an antacid tablet contained only magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. Complete neutralization of a sample of the active ingredients required 48.5 mL of 0.187 M...

Compounds A, B, and C are isomers with the formula C5H11Br. Their broadband proton-decoupled 13C NMR spectra are given in Fig. 9.32. Information from the DEPT 13C NMR spectra is given near each peak....

The combustion of methane can be represented as follows: a. Use the information given above to determine the value of ÎH for the combustion of methane to form CO2(g) and 2H2O(l). b. What is...

Molecular bromine is 24 per cent dissociated at 1600 K and 1.00 bar in the equilibrium Br2 (g) = o 2 Br (g). Calculate (a) Kat 25C, (b) p3, (c) Kat 2000C given that L3.,H3= + 112 k] mol-lover the...

Express the van der Waals equation of state as a virial expansion in powers of 1/Vm and obtain expressions for Band C in terms of the parameters a and b. The expansion you will need is (1- xtI = 1 +...

Dehydration of 2, 2, 3, 4, 4-pentamethyl-3-pentanol gave two alkenes A and B. Ozonolysis of the lower boiling alkene A gave formaldehyde (CH2 = O) and 2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethyl-3-pentanone. Ozonolysis...

WolffKishner reduction (hydrazine, KOH, ethylene glycol, 130C) of the compound shown gave compound A. Treatment of compound A with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid gave compound B, which on reduction with...

Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.0 mol H2S behaving as (a) A perfect gas, (b) A van der Waals gas when it is confined under the following conditions: (i) At 273.15 K in 22.414 dm3, (ii) At 500 Kin...

Consider the following mechanism for renaturation of a double helix from its strands A and B: Derive the rate equation for the formation of the double helix and express the rate constant of the...

Dry air at STP has a density of 1.2929 g/L. Calculate the average molecular weight of air from the density.

The herbicide oxyfluorfen can be prepared by reaction between a phenol and an aryl fluoride. Propose amechanism. FC. F3C. "CH-CH NO2 "CH-CH NO2 yfluorfen

Reaction of benzaldehyde with 1, 2-octanediol in benzene containing a small amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid yields almost equal quantities of two products in a combined yield of 94%. Both products...

Consider the following velocity distribution curves A and B. a. If the plots represent the velocity distribution of 1.0 L of He(g) at STP versus 1.0 L of Cl2(g) at STP, which plot corresponds to each...

In humans, the final product of purine degradation from DNA is uric acid, pKa = 5.61, which is excreted in the urine. What is the percent dissociation of uric acid in urine at a typical pH = 6.0? Why...

A spherical vessel with a volume of 1.00 L was evacuated and sealed. Twenty- four hours later the pressure of air in the vessel was found to be 1.20 10 -6 atm. During this 24-h period, the vessel...

Silylene (SiH2) is a key intermediate in the thermal decomposition of silicon hydrides such as silane (SiH4) and disilane (Si2H6). Moffat et al. (H.K. Moffat, K.F. Jensen, and R.W. Carr, J. Phys....

Compounds A and B are isomers of molecular formula C9H19Br. Both yield the same alkene C as the exclusive product of elimination on being treated with potassium tert-butoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide....

Calculate the difference in slope of the chemical potential against pressure on either side of (a) The normal freezing point of water and (b) The normal boiling point of water. The densities of ice...

Circle the member of each pair that is more soluble in water. (a) CH3CH2OCH2CH3 or CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (b) CH3CH2OCH2CH3 or CH3CH2CH2OH (c) CH3CH2NHCH3 or CH3CH2CH2CH3 (d) CH3CH2OH or CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

When water is supercooled, it freezes at a temperature below 0.0oC. If 10.9 kJ of heat is released when 2.00 moles of supercooled water at 215.0oC freezes, calculate the molar enthalpy of fusion for...

A 65.0-mL sample of 0.010 M Pb(NO3)2 was added to a beaker containing 40.0 mL of 0.035 MKCl. Will a precipitate form?

2-Butene-1-thiol is one component of shunk spray. How would you synthesize this substance from methyl 2-butenoate? From 1,3-butadiene CH3CH=CHCOCH3 CH3CH=CHCH2SH 2-Butene-1-thiol Methyl 2-butenoate

Hydrocarbon A has the formula C12H8. It absorbs 8 equivalents of H2 on catalytic reduction over a palladium catalyst. On ozonolysis, only two products are formed: oxalic acid (HO2CCO2H) and succinic...

A single organic product was isolated after Birch reduction of p-xylene. Suggest a reasonable structure for this substance.

Consider the following energy levels, each capable of holding two objects: Draw all the possible arrangements of the two identical particles (represented by X) in the three energy levels. What total...

The vapour pressure of pure liquid A at 293 K is 68.8 kPa and that of pure liquid B is 82.1 kPa. These two compounds form ideal liquid and gaseous mixtures. Consider the equilibrium composition of a...

In the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2-methyl-1-propanol, what carbocation would be formed if a hydride shift accompanied cleavage of the carbonoxygen bond in the alkyloxonium ion? What ion would be...

Give IUPAC name for the followingcompounds: (c) NC. CH 2 () (a) CHCH2CH2CH CH2 CH () CH CH2CO2H (d) (e) CHH2H2H2CH3 CHCN CH (g) Br (h) CN BRCH2CHCH2CH2CO2H

You are asked to help set up a historical display in the park by stacking some cannonballs next to a Revolutionary War cannon. You are told to stack them by starting with a triangle in which each...

1H NMR spectra for two haloalkanes are shown below. Propose structures for these compounds that are consistent with the spectra. (a) C5H11C1, spectrum A; (b) C4H8Br2, spectrum B. H NMR 9 H 2 H...

A small pilot plant was adding bromine across the double bond of but-2-ene to make 2, 3 dibromobutane. A controller malfunction allowed the reaction temperature to rise beyond safe limits. A careful...

Specify reagents suitable for converting 3-ethyl-2-pentene to each of the following: (a) 2, 3-Dibromo-3-ethylpentane (b) 3-Chloro-3-ethylpentane (c) 2-Bromo-3-ethylpentane (d) 3-Ethyl-3-pentanol (e)...

A commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH, consists of passing ethylene gas, C2H4, and steam over an acid catalyst (to speed up the reaction). The gas-phase reaction is...

Cyclopropyl chloride has been prepared by the free-radical chlorination of cyclopropane. Write a stepwise mechanism for this reaction.

Give the SN1 mechanism for the formation of 2-ethoxy-3-methylbutane, the unrearranged product in this reaction.

How would you prepare the following compounds from 2-phenylethanol? More than one step may be required. (a) Styrene (PhCH = CH2 (b) Phenyl acetaldehyde (PhCH2CHO) (c) Phenyl acetic acid (PhCH2CO2H)...

Phosphoric acid is prepared by dissolving phosphorus(V) oxide, P4O10, in water. What is the balanced equation for this reaction? How many grams of P4O10 are required to make 1.50 L of aqueous...

At 620. K butadiene dimerizes at a moderate rate. The following data were obtained in an experiment involving this reaction: a. Determine the order of the reaction in butadiene. b. In how many...

At 850C, CaCO3 undergoes substantial decomposition to yield CaO and CO2. Assuming that the (Hf values of the reactant and products are the same at 850C as they are at 25C, calculate the enthalpy...

Give an acceptable IUPAC name for each of the following Alkanes: (a) CH2 CH3 CH3CH2CHCHCHCH2CHCH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 (b) (CH3CH2)2CHCH2CH (CH3)2 (c) CH3 CH3CH2CHCH2CHCH2CHCH (CH3)2 CH2CH3 CH2CH (CH3)2

Bombardier Inc. specializes in manufacturing transportation products (Aircraft, railway equipment, snowmobiles, and watercraft). The company offers warranties on all of its products. Note 2 to...

The effective rate constant for a gaseous reaction that has a Lindemann-Hinshelwood mechanism is 1.7 X 10-3 s-I at 1.09 kPa and 2.2 X 10-4 S-1 at 25 Pa. Calculate the rate constant for the activation...

Calculate the change in Gibbs energyof25 g of methanol (mass density 0.791 g cm-3) when the pressure is increased isothermally from 100 kPa to 100 MPa.

(Z)-9-Tricosene [(Z)-CH3 (CH2)7CH=CH (CH2)12CH3] is the sex pheromone of the female housefly. Synthetic (Z)-9-tricosene is used as bait to lure male flies to traps that contain insecticide. Using...

How could you convert each of the following compounds into butanoic acid? Write each step showing all reagents. (a) 1-Butanol (b) 1-Bromohutane (c) 1-Butene (d) 1-Bromopropane (e) 4-Octene

The following temperature/composition data were obtained for a mixture of two liquids A and B at 1.00 atm, where x is the mole fraction in the liquid and Y the mole fraction in the vapour at...

Hydride reduction (with LiAlH4 or NaBH4) of each of the following ketones has been reported in the chemical literature and gives a mixture of two diastereomeric alcohols in each case. Give the...

Draw structures corresponding to the following names: (a) p-Bromophenylacetamide (b) m-Benzoylbenzamide (c) 2, 2-Dimcthylhcxanamidc (d) Cyclohexyl cyclohexanecarboxylale (e) Ethyl...

Occasionally, chemists need to invert the stereochemistry of an alkene?that is, to convert a cis alkene to a trans alkene, or vice versa. There is no one-step method for doing an alkene inversion,...

When 2-methyl-2, 5-pentanediol is treated with sulfuric acid, dehydration occurs and 2, 2-dimethyltetrahydrofuran is formed. Suggest a mechanism for this reaction. Which of the two oxygen atoms is...

Sucrose is readily hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose in acidic solution. The hydrolysis is often monitored by measuring the angle of rotation of plane polarized light passing through the solution....

When 1-bromo-2-methylcyclohexane undergoes solvolysis in methanol, five major products are formed. Give mechanisms to account for these products. OCH3 CH2 CH OCH3 CH Br CH3 CH CH CH,OH heat

Draw structures corresponding to the following IUPAC names: (a) 2, 3-Dimethylhexanoic acid (b) 4-Methylpentanoic acid (c) Trans-1, 2-Cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid (d) o-Hydroxybenzoic acid (e) (9Z,...

At 298 K the standard enthalpy of combustion of sucrose is -5797 k] mol-I and the standard Gibbs energy of the reaction is -6333 k] mol ". Estimate the additional non-expansion work that may be...

If 38.2 mL of 0.248 M aluminum sulfate solution is diluted with deionized water to a total volume of 0.639 L, how many grams of aluminum ion are present in the diluted solution?

A diol (C8H18O2) does not react with periodic acid. Its 1H NMR spectrum contains three singlets at 1.2 (12 protons), 1.6 (4 protons), and 2.0 ppm (2 protons). What is the structure of this diol?

A 2.500-g sample of a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium chloride is dissolved in 25.00 mL of 0.437 M H2SO4. Some acid remains after treatment of the sample. a. Write both the net...

Give the structure of the product formed when each of the following alkenes reacts with bromine in water: (a) 2-Methyl-1-butene (c) 3-Methyl-1-butene (b) 2-Methyl-2-butene (d) 1-Methylcyclopentene

When a 2, 6-disubstituted allyl phenyl ether is heated in an attempted Claisen rearrangement, migration occurs to give the p-allyl product as the result of two sequential pericyclic...

Reaction of 2-butanone with HCN yields a chiral product. What stereochemistry does the product have? Is it optically active?

The equilibrium constant is 0.0900 at 25oC for the reaction H2O(g) + Cl2O(g) 2HOCl(g) For which of the following sets of conditions is the system at equilibrium? For those which are not at...

A manometer was connected to a bulb containing nitrogen under slight pressure. The gas was allowed to escape through a small pinhole, and the time for the manometer reading to drop from 65.1 cm to...

Jaymar Company issued bonds with the following provisions: Maturity value: $ 100,000,000 Interest: 8.1 percent per annum payable semi-annually each June 30 and December 31 Terms: Bonds dated January...

The temperature-composition diagram for the Ca/Si binary system is shown in Fig. 6.46. (a) Identify eutectics, congruent melting compounds, and incongruent melting compounds. (b) If a 20 per cent by...

Compound S (C8H16) reacts with one mole of bromine to form a compound with molecular formula C8H16Br2. The broadband proton-decoupled 13C spectrum of S is given in Fig. 9.49. Propose a structure for...

Treatment of a carboxylic acid with trifluoroacetic anhydride leads to an unsymmetrical anhydride that rapidly reacts with alcohol to give an ester. (a) Propose a mechanism for formation of the...

Dell Inc. sells computer products as well as extended- warranty services on the products it sells, a common practice in the electronics industry. Should the product break down, Dell will provide...

The particle on a ring is a useful model for the motion of electrons around the porphine ring (2), the conjugated macro cycle that forms the structural basis of the haem group and the chlorophylls....

Celestolide, a perfuming agent with a musk odor, is prepared by the sequence of reactions given in Fig. P16.52. (a) Give the curved-arrow mechanism for the formation of compound A (reaction a). Fig....

Meerwein?s reagent, triethyloxonium tetra-fluoroborate, is a powerful ethylating agent that converts alcohols into ethyl ethers at neutral pH. Show the reaction of Meerwein?s reagent with...

Arrange the following five compounds in order of decreasing rate of bromination: benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene (the relative rates are 2 x 107, 5 x 104, 5 x 102, 60,...

The 1H NMR spectra of two carboxylic acids with molecular formula C3H5O2Cl are shown in Figure 14.14. Identify the carboxylic acids. (The "offset" notation means that the signal has been moved to the...

Cylinders of compressed gas are typically filled to a pressure of 200 bar. For oxygen, what would be the molar volume at this pressure and 25C based on (a) The perfect gas equation, (b) The van der...

On being heated with a solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol, compound A (C7H15Br) yielded a mixture of two alkenes B and C, each having the molecular formula C7H14. Catalytic hydrogenation of the...

1, 3, 5-hexatriene (a kind of 'linear' benzene) was converted into benzene itself. On the basis of a free-electron molecular orbital model (in which hexatriene is treated as a linear box and benzene...

Uranium tetra fluoride and zirconium tetra fluoride melt at 1035C and 912C, respectively. They form a continuous series of solid solutions with a minimum melting temperature of 765C and composition x...

Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole from hydrazine and 2, 4-pcntancdionc. Look carefully to see what has happened to each carbonyl carbon in going from starting...

Acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2, 2-dimethyl-1-hexanol gave a number of isomeric alkenes including 2-methyl-2-heptene as shown in the following formula.

The designers of a new industrial plant wanted to use a catalyst codenamed CR-l in a step involving the fluorination of butadiene. As a first step in the investigation they determined the form of the...

On a cold, dry morning after a frost, the temperature was -5C and the partial pressure of water in the atmosphere fell to 0.30 kPa. Will the frost sublime? What partial pressure of water would ensure...

Terminal alkynes react with Br2 and water to yield bromo ketones. For example: Propose a mechanism for the reaction. To what reaction of alkenes is the processanalogous? -CECH Br2, H20 CH2Br

An electron is confined to a linear region with a length of the same order as the diameter of an atom (about 100 pm). Calculate the minimum uncertainties in its position and speed.

The 1H NMR spectra of three isomers with molecular formula C4H9Br are shown here. Which isomer produces which spectrum? a. b. c. (ppm) -frequency o (ppm) frequency 5 2 (ppm) frequency

While repairing his bicycle, a student turns it upside down and sets the front wheel spinning at 2.00 rev/s. Assume the wheel has a mass of 3.25 kg and all of the mass is located on the rim, which...

For the reaction NH3(g) + H2S(g) NH4HS(s) K = 400. at 35.0oC. If 2.00 moles each of NH3, H2S, and NH4HS are placed in a 5.00- L vessel, what mass of NH4HS will be present at equilibrium? What is the...

A sample consisting of2.00 mol of diatomic perfect gas molecules at 250 K is compressed reversibly and adiabatically until its temperature reaches 300 K. Given that CV,m = 27.5 J K-I mol-1, calculate...

The diameter of the methyl radical is about 308 pm. What is the maximum rate constant in the expression d [CzH6J/dt= k [CH3]2 for second order recombination of radicals at room temperature? 10 per...

(a) The molecule HN=NH exists as a transient species in certain reactions. Give the valence bond description of this species. (b) Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a very poisonous gas or liquid with the...