How might you synthesize each of the following compounds using an aldol reaction? Show the structure of the starting aldehydes(s) or ketone(s) you would use in eachcase. (a) (b) (c) (d) CeH5 CeH5 - ...
Predict the indicated bond angles: a. The C--N--H bond angle in (CH3)2NH b. The C--N--C bond angle in (CH3)2NH d. The C-O-C bond angle in CH3OCH3 e. The C--O--H bond angle in CH3OH f. The H--C--H...
When bromine is added to a solution of 1-hexene in methanol, the major products of the reaction are as shown:
A certain reaction has the following general form: aA bB At a particular temperature and [A] 0 = 2.00 10-2 M, concentration versus time data were collected for this re-action, and a plot of ln[A]...
Show that the intensities of a molecular beam before and after passing through a chamber of length I containing inert scattering atoms are related by 1= Ioe-7{PI, where o is the collision...
At 900oC, Kp = 1.04 for the reaction CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g) At a low temperature dry ice (solid CO2), calcium oxide, and calcium carbonate are introduced into a 50.0- L reaction chamber. The...
Use the collision theory of gas-phase reactions to calculate the theoretical value of the second-order rate constant for the reaction D2 (g) + Br2 (g) 2 DBr (g) at 450 K, assuming that it is...
A compound has a molecular formula of C8H14O4, and its infrared spectrum contains an intense peak at 1730 cm -1. The 1H NMR spectrum of the compound is shown in Figure 20.11. What is its structure?...
Arrange the compounds 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, and 3-methyl-1-butene in order of decreasing reactivity toward bromine.
One of the biological pathways by which an amine is converted to a ketone involves two steps: (1) oxidation of the amine by NAD+ to give an imine, and (2) hydrolysis of the imine to give a ketone...
Each of the following carbocations has the potential to rearrange to a more stable one. Write the structure of the rearranged carbocation. (a) CH3CH2CH2+ (b) (CH3)2CHC_HCH3 (c) (CH3)3CCHCH3 (d)...
Only one bromoether (ignoring stereoisomers) is obtained from the reaction of the following alkyl dihalide with methanol: Give the structure of the ether. Br Br
The following equations of state are occasionally used for approximate calculations on gases: (gas A) p Vm = RT(1 + b/V m)' (gas B) p(V m - b) = RT. Assuming that there were gases that actually...
Write structural formulas for all the alkene products that could reasonably be formed from each of the following compounds under the indicated reaction conditions. Where more than one alkene is...
Write a structural formula for the principal organic product or products of each of the following reactions: (a) Acetyl chloride and bromobenzene, AlCl3 (b) Acetyl chloride and 1-butanethiol (c)...
The proton and 13C NMR spectra of a compound of formula C4H11N are shown here. Determine the structure of this amine, and give peak assignments for all of the protons in the structure. 200 180 160...
1,2,3,4,5-Pentafluoro-6-nitrobenzene reacts readily with sodium methoxide in methanol at room temperature to yield two major products, each having the molecular formula C7H3F4NO3. Suggest reasonable...
Derive the IUPAC names for (a) The isomers of C4H10 (c) (CH3)3CCH2CH (CH3)2 (b) The isomers of C5H12 (d) (CH3)3CC (CH3)3
Europium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice (the Eu atoms occupy only the lattice points). The density of Eu is 5.26 g/cm3. Calculate the unit cell edge length in pm?
How might you prepare the following compounds using an alkylation reaction as the keystep? (b) -H CH-CH (a) CH2CH=CH2 (c) CHCH,CH2CHCEN C (d) (f) (e) CH - CH CHCHCHCH CH-CH - Hg, CH(CH3)2
A cylinder with circular cross section has a radius of 2.56 cm and a height of 56.32 cm. What is the volume of the cylinder? Express the answer to the correct number of significant figures.
Give IUPAC name for the following carboxylic acids (reddish brown = Br). (a) (b) (d) (c)
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds. (a) CH3CH2C ¡CCOOH (b) CH3CH(NH2)CH(OH)COOH (c) (CH3)C==CHCOOH (d) (e) (f) CH COOH NO COOH No, !
The potential energy of the rotation of one CH3 group relative to its neighbour in ethane can be expressed as V( rp)= Vo cos 3rp. Show that for small displacements the motion of the group is harmonic...
Cis-1, 2-Dimethylcyclohexane is optically inactive even though it has two chirality centers. Explain.
Grignard reagents react with oxetane, a four-membered cyclic ether, to yield primary alcohols, but the reaction is much slower than the corresponding reaction with ethylene oxide. Suggest a reason...
Draw the structure of the PTH derivative product you would obtain by Edman degradation of the following peptides: (a) I-L-P-F (b) D-T-S-G-A
Show that bimolecular reactions between nonlinear molecules are much slower than between atoms even when the activation energies of both reactions are equal. Use transition state theory and make the...
After some weeks of use, the pressure in the water carbonating plant mentioned in the previous exercise has fallen to 2.0 atm. Estimate the molar concentration of the soda water it produces at this...
During 2015, Riverside Company completed the following two transactions. The companys fiscal year ends on December 31. a. Paid and recorded wages of $ 130,000 during 2015; however, at the end of...
You mix equal moles of N2, O2, and NO and place them into a container fitted with a movable piston. Then you heat the mixture to 2127oC, compressing the mixture with the piston to 10.0 atm, where the...
Most carboxylic acids dissolve in aqueous solutions of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) because, as carboxylate salts, they are more polar. Write curved arrows showing the reaction between a generic...
Autocatalysis is the catalysis of a reaction by the products. For example, for a reaction A -> P it may be found that the rate law is v = k[A] [P] and the reaction rate is proportional to the...
Answer Problem 21.37 (or reaction of the listed reagents with Propanamide.
A scientist investigates the possibility of neutron spin resonance, and has available a commercial NMR spectrometer operating at 300 MHz. What field is required for resonance? What is the relative...
Predict the product(s) of the following reactions: CH (b) CH-CH (a) 1. DIBAH 2. H30+ 1. CH2CH,MgBr 2. " CHCH-CH2CO2CH3 (d) .cocI (c) CH NH2, ? CH3 H2SO4 "CH CH3CO2COCH3 (f) 1. LIAIH (e) 2. "...
Suppose 1.50 atm of CH4(g), 2.50 atm of C2H6(g), and 15.00 atm of O2(g) are placed in a flask at a given temperature. The reactions are CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) Kp = 1.0 104 2C2H6(g) +...
From the dichlorination of propane, four isomeric products with the formula C3H6Cl2 were isolated and designated A, B, C, and D. Each was separated and further chlorinated to give one or more...
Confirm that wave functions for a particle in a ring with different values of the quantum number m, are mutually orthogonal.
Propose structures for compounds that meet the following descriptions: (a) C5H8, with IR absorptions at 3300 and 2150 cm1 (b) C4H80, with a strong IR absorption at 3400 cm1 (c) C4H80, with a strong...
A meso stereoisomer is possible for one of the following compounds. Which one? 2, 3-Dibromopentane; 2,4-dibromopentane; 3-bromo-2-pentanol; 4-bromo-2-pentanol
Consider the cell Pt |H2 (g, po) | HC| (aq) AgCI(s) Ag, for which the cell reaction is 2 AgCl(s) + H2 (g) --72 Ag(s) + 2 HCl (aq). At 25C and a molality of HCl of 0.010 mol kg, E = +0.4658 V. (a)...
Solvolysis of bromomethylcyclopentane in methanol gives a complex product mixture of the following five compounds. Propose mechanisms to account for these products. CH,Br CH CH3 3 CH,O CH3 OCH CHOH...
Draw the structure of 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane.
Which of the molecules N2, NO, 02, C2, F2, and CN would you expect to be stabilized by (a) The addition of an electron to form AB-, (b) The removal of an electron to form AB+?
Calculate the rotational partition function of CH3CN (a) By direct summation of the energy levels at 298 K and 500 K, and (b) By the high temperature approximation. Take A = 5.28 cm-1 and B = 0.307...
Consider the ketones piperitone menthone, and isomenthone.
Ethyl dimethylacetoacetate reacts instantly at room temperature when treated with ethoxide ion to yield two products, ethyl acetate and ethyl 2-mcthylpropanoatc. Propose a mechanism for this...
Write the structure of the principal organic product formed in the reaction of 1-propanol with each of the following reagents: (a) Sulfuric acid (catalytic amount), heat at 140C (b) Sulfuric acid...
Identify the following compounds. (Relative integrals are given from left to right across the spectrum.) a. The 1H NMR spectrum of a compound with molecular formula C4H10O2 has two singlets with an...
Tran?s alkenes are converted into their cis isomers and vice versa on epoxidation followed by treatment of the epoxide with triphenylphosphine. Propose a mechanism for the epoxide ? alkene reaction. ...
Predict the products of the following reactions: (a) Excess NH3 + Ph - CH2CH2CH2Br (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (I) NaN3 (2) LiAIH (3) H30 1-bromopentane CH3...
All aldoses exhibit mutarotation. For example, -D-galactopyranose has []D = + 150.7, and -D-galactopyranose has []D = + 52.8. If either anomer is dissolved in water and allowed to reach equilibrium,...
The cycle involved in the operation of an internal combustion engine is called the Otto cycle. Air can be considered to be the working substance and can be assumed to be a perfect gas. The cycle...
(a) Use your molecular models to make ethane, and compare the model with the preceding structures. (b) Make a model of propane (C3H8), and draw this model using dashed lines and wedges to represent...
Name the following amines, and identify each as primary, secondary, ortertiary: (b) (a) (c)
Nickel(II) chloride reacts with sodium phosphate to precipitate nickel(II) phosphate. 3NiCl2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq) Ni3(PO4)2(s) + 6NaCl(aq) How many moles of nickel(II) chloride are needed to produce...
Cobalt chloride hexahydrate, CoCl2 6H2O, is a bright pink compound, but in the presence of very dry air it loses water vapor to the air to produce the light blue anhydrous salt CoCl2. Calculate the...
Consider the following diagram of free energy (G) versus fraction of A reacted in terms of moles for the reaction 2A(g) B(g). Before any A has reacted, PA = 3.0 atm and PB = 0. determine the sign of...
Exclusive of compounds with double bonds, four hydrocarbons are constitutional isomers of cis- and trans-1, 2-dimethylcyclopropane. Identify these compounds.
A small step in the potential energy is introduced into the one-dimensional square-well problem as in Fig. 9.45. (a) Write a general expression for the first -order correction to the ground-state...
The H3 molecular ion, which plays an important role in chemical reactions occurring in interstellar clouds, is known to be equilateral triangular. (a) Identify the symmetry elements and determine the...
How might you prepare the following esters using a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction of an acid chloride? (a) CH3CH2CO2CH3 (b) CH3CHO2CH2CH3 (c) Ethyl benzoate
A molecule in a gas undergoes about 1.0 X 109 collisions in each second. Suppose that (a) Every collision is effective in deactivating the molecule rotationally and (b) That one collision in 10 is...
Carbon tetrachloride is a colorless liquid used in the manufacture of fluorocarbons and as an industrial solvent. How many molecules are there in 7.58 mg of carbon tetrachloride?
At what radius in the H atom does the radial distribution function of the ground state have (a) 50 per cent? (b) 75 per cent of its maximum value?
Which of the eight alcohols you identified in problem react with CrO3 in aqueous acid? Show the products you would expect from each reaction.
One mole of an ideal gas with a volume of 6.67 L and a pressure of 1.50 atm is contained in a vessel with a movable piston. The external pressure is suddenly increased to 5.00 atm and the gas is...
Transition-state representations are shown for two acidbase reactions. For each one, write the equation for the reaction it represents in the direction for which the equilibrium lies to the right....
Predict the major products of the following reactions: (a) Nitration of Bromobenzene (b) Bromination of nitrobenzene (c) Chlorination of phenol (d) Bromination of aniline
Predict the major products of the following reactions, including stereochemistry where appropriate (a) 2, 2-dimethyloxirane + H + / H218 O(oxygen-labeled water) (b) 2, 2-dimethyloxirane + H18O- /...
A sample consisting of five molecules has a total energy SE. Each molecule is able to occupy states of energy jE, with j = 0, 1,2, .... (a) Calculate the weight of the configuration in which the...
Suggest a reasonable explanation for each of the following observations: (a) The second-order rate constant k for saponification of ethyl trifluoroacetate is over 1 million times greater than that...
Enrico Fermi, the great Italian scientist, was a master at making good approximate calculations based on little or no actual data. Hence, such calculations are often called 'Fermi calculations'. Do a...
A monolayer of CO molecules (effective area 0.165 nm3) is adsorbed on the surface of 1.00 g of an Fe/Al203 catalyst at 77 K, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. Upon warming, the carbon monoxide...
To get a sense of the effect of cellular conditions on the ability of ATP to drive biochemical processes, compare the standard Gibbs energy of hydrolysis of ATP to ADP with the reaction Gibbs energy...
The phase diagram for neon is Temperature (K) Use the phase diagram to answer the following questions. (a) What is the approximate value of the normal melting point? (b) Over what pressure range will...
In each of the following indicate which reaction will occur faster. Explain your reasoning. (a) CH3CH2CH2CH2Br or CH3CH2CH2CH2I with sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide (b) 1-Chloro-2-methylbutane...
On January 1, 2015, Bochini Corporation sold a $ 10 million, 8.25 percent bond issue. The bonds were dated January 1, 2015, had a yield of 8 percent, pay interest each December 31, and mature 10...
Write structural formulas, and give the functional class and substitutive names of all the isomeric alcohols that have the molecular formula C4H10O.
In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) considered a global average temperature rise of 1.0-3SC likely by the year 2100, with 2.0C its best estimate. Because water vapour is...
Allene can be converted to a trimer (compound A) of molecular formula C9H12. Compound A reacts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to give compound B. Deduce the structure of compound A. 0 0 COCH,...
A 20.0-L vessel is filled with 1.00 mol of ammonia, NH3. What percent of ammonia dissociates to the elements if equilibrium is reached at 345oC? Use data from Appendix C and make any reasonable...
The location of a persons center of gravity relative to his or her height can be found by using the arrangement shown in Fig. 8.41. The scales are initially adjusted to zero with the board alone. (a)...
Matyas Company completed the salary and wage payroll for April 2014. The payroll provided the following details: Required: 1. Prepare the journal entry to record the payroll for April, including...
The NO2, molecule belongs to the group C2v' with the C2 axis bisecting the ONO angle. Taking as a basis the N2s, N2p, and 02p orbitals, identify the irreducible representations they span, and...
Salicylic acid, C6H4OHCOOH, is used in the manufacture of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and methyl salicylate (wintergreen flavor). A saturated solution of salicylic acid contains 2.2 g of the acid...
Sketch what you might expect the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the following compound to look like (yellow-green =Cl):
Assume that you need to prepare 4-methyl-2-pentyne and discover that the only alkynes on hand are acetylene and propyne. You also have available methyl iodide, isopropyl bromide, and 1,...
The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen involves the following steps: 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) ...
How would you carry out the following transformations? "Co CH2 C Lc
Draw all the structural and geometric (cis-trans) isomers of C4H7F.
Calculate the relative numbers of Br, molecules (v = 321 cm-1) in the second and first excited vibrational states at (a) 298 K, (b) 800 K.
Dumont Corporation is preparing its 2014 statement of financial position. The company records show the following related amounts at the end of the fiscal year, December 31, 2014: Required: 1. Compute...
Describe reasonable syntheses of Benzophenone, from each of the following starting materials and any necessary inorganic reagents. (a) Benzoyl chloride and benzene (b) Benzyl alcohol and bromobenzene...
The following structure represents tetrahedral alkoxide ion intermediate formed by addition of a nucleophile to a carboxylic acid derivative. Identify the nucleophile, the leaving group, the starting...
The vibrational wave number of the oxygen molecule in its electronic ground state is 1580 cm3, whereas that in the first excited state (B 3L), to which there is an allowed electronic transition, is...
Give the structures of two different alkyl bromides both of which yield the indicated alkene as the exclusive product of E2 elimination. (a) CH3CHoeCH2 (c) BrCHoeCBr2 (b) (CH3)2CoeCH2
Arrange these compounds in order of increasing SN1 reaction rate: Ph-Br Br + Br CI
Order the compounds in each of the following sets with respect to increasing acidity: (a) Acetic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid (b) p-Bromobenzoic acid, p-nitro benzoic acid, 2, 4-dinitrobenzoic acid...