A protein has been isolated as a salt with the formula Na20P (this notation means that there are 20 Na1 ions associated with a negatively charged protein P20-). The osmotic pressure of a 10.0-mL...
A reaction represented by the equation 3O2(g) 2O3(g) was studied at a specific temperature, and the following data were collected: a. Determine the rate law for this reaction. b. Determine the value...
The 1 H NMR spectrum shown is that of a compound with formula C 9 H 10 O. How many double bonds and/or rings does this compound contain? If the unknown has an IR absorption at 1690 cm ?1 , what is a...
You and a friend each synthesize a compound with the formula XeCl2F2. Your compound is a liquid, and your friends compound is a gas (at the same conditions of temperature and pressure). Explain how...
List all the possible bonds that can occur between the elements P, Cs, O, and H. Predict the type of bond (ionic, covalent, or polar covalent) one would expect to form for each bond.
Which of the following equations best represents the reaction shown in the diagram? (a) 8A + 4B C + D (b) 4A + 8B 4C + 4D (c) 2A + B C + D (d) 4A + 2B 4C + 4D (e) 2A + 4B C + D A B D
The ground-state wave function of a hydrogen atom is = (1/xa3)1/2e-r1ao where ao = 53 pm (the Bohr radius). (a) Calculate the probability that the electron will be found somewhere within a small...
Mothballs are composed of naphthalene, C10H8, a molecule of which consists of two six-member rings of carbon fused along an edge, as shown in this incomplete Lewis structure: (a) Write two complete...
Isolated from marine algae, prelaureatin is thought to be biosynthesized from laurediol by the following route. Propose amechanism. . HO. "Br* Bromo- peroxidase Br- Laurediol Prelaureatin
Thioglycolic acid, HSCH2CO2H, a substance used in depilatory agents (hair removers) has pKa = 3.42. What is the percent dissociation of Thioglycolic acid in a buffer solution at pH = 3.0?
Chen and Lee studied the liquid-vapour equilibria of cyclohexanol with several gases at elevated pressures 0.-T. Chen and M.-]. Lee,]. Chem, Eng Data 41, 339 (1996)). Among their data are the...
Amines are converted into alkenes by a two-step process called the Hofmann elimination. SN2 reaction of the amine with an excess of CH3I in the first step yields an intermediate that undergoes E2...
Consider the equation 2KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O a. If 25 g H2SO4 is reacted with 7.7 g KOH, how many grams of K2SO4 are produced? b. For part a of this problem, identify the limiting reactant and...
A compound (C4H6O2) has a strong band in the infrared at 1760 cm 1. Its 13C NMR spectrum exhibits signals at 20.2 (CH3), 96.8 (CH2), 141.8 (CH), and 167.6 ppm (C). The 1H NMR spectrum of the compound...
Ectocarpene is a volatile, sperm cell-attracting material released by the eggs of the seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus. Its constitution is
Acetic acid was evaporated in container of volume 21.45 cm3 at 437 K and at an external pressure of 101.9 kPa, and the container was then sealed. The mass of acid present in the sealed container was...
Draw complete Lewis structures for the following condensed structural formulas. (a) CH3(CH2)3CH(CH3)2 (b) (CH3)2CHCH2CI (c) CH3CH2CH(CH3)2 (d) CH2CHCHO (e) (CH3)3CCOCHCH2 (f) CH3COCOOH (g) 1CH3CH2...
A compound (C8H10O) has the infrared and 1H NMR spectra presented in Figure 13.42. What is its structure?
Erythronolide B is the biological precursor of erythromycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. How many chirality centers does Erythronolide Bhave? , .C H . CH3 . Erythronolide B . , . CH
The IR spectrum of a compound with molecular formula C5H8O was obtained in CCl4 and is shown in Figure 13.42. Identify the compound. Wavelenga qum) 15 16 14 3600 340) 3800 3300 3000 280K 2600 2400...
Compound A is a D aldopentose that can he oxidized to an optically inactive aldaric acid B. On Kiliani- Fischer chain extension, A is converted into C and D; C can be oxidized to an optically active...
The standard enthalpy of combustion of solid urea (CO (NH2)2) is -632 kl mol-1 at 298 K and its standard molar entropy is 104.60 J K-1 mol-1, Calculate the standard Gibbs energy of formation of urea...
At 400 K, the rate of decomposition of a gaseous compound initially at a pressure of 12.6 kPa was 9.71 Pa S-1 when 10.0 per cent had reacted and 7.67 Pa S-I when 20.0 per cent had reacted. Determine...
Identify the isoprene units in each of the following naturally occurring substances: (a) Ascaridole, a naturally occurring peroxide present in chenopodium oil:
The critical constants of ethane are Pc =48.20 atm, Vc = 148 cm? Mol 2, and T; = 305.4 K. Calculate the van der Waals parameters of the gas and estimate the radius of the molecules.
Greg Nard added an equivalent of 3,4-epoxy-4-methylcyclohexanol to an ether solution of methyl magnesium bromide and then added dilute hydrochloric acid. He expected that the product would be a diol....
Urea, (NH2)2CO, has been used to melt ice from sidewalks, because the use of salt is harmful to plants. If the saturated aqueous solution contains 41% urea by mass, what is the freezing point? (The...
Calculate the maximum non-expansion work per mole that may be obtained from a fuel cell in which the chemical reaction is the combustion of propane at 298 K.
The 1H NMR spectra of three isomers with molecular formula C7H14O are shown here. Which isomer produces which spectrum? a. b. c. QUESTION CONTINUE TO NEXT PAGE 0 (ppm) frequency 6 (ppm) frequency 8...
The following table gives the vapor pressure of hexafluorobenzene (C6F6) as a function of temperature: (a) By plotting these data in a suitable fashion, determine whether the Clausius-Clapeyron...
Account for the fact that p-nitro aniline (pKa = 1.0) is less basic than m-nitro aniline (pKa = 2.5) by a factor of 30. Draw resonance structures to support your argument. (The PKa values refer to...
What proportions of ethanol and water should be mixed in order to produce 100 cm:' of a mixture containing 50 per cent by mass of ethanol? What change in volume is brought about by adding 1.00 cm3 of...
An alkene X with molecular formula C7H12 adds HBr to give a single alkyl halide I with molecular formula C7H13Br and undergoes catalytic hydrogenation to give 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane. Draw the...
The base peak appears at m/z 105 for one of the following compounds and at m/z 119 for the other two. Match the compounds with the appropriate m/z values for their base peaks.
At 20C, the density of a 20 per cent by mass ethanol-water solution is 968.7 kg m-3. Given that the partial molar volume of ethanol in the solution is 52.2 cm3 mol-1, calculate the partial molar...
In doing physical therapy for an injured knee joint, a person raises a 5.0-kg weighted boot as shown in Fig. 8.39. Compute the torque due to the boot for each position shown. 90 40 cm 60 30
Calculate the minimum excitation energies of (a) The 33 kHz quartz crystal of a watch, (b) The bond between two atoms in 02' for which k=ll77 Nm-1.
Each of the following compounds is characterized by a 1H NMR spectrum that consists of only a single peak having the chemical shift indicated. Identify each compound. (a) C8H18; 0.9 ppm (f) C2H3Cl3;...
Write the structure of the major organic product formed in the reaction of 1-pentene with each of the following: (a) Hydrogen chloride (b) Hydrogen bromide (c) Hydrogen bromide in the presence of...
You have a 1.00-mole sample of water at 230oC, and you heat it until you have gaseous water at 140.oC. Calculate q for the entire process. Use the following data: Specific heat capacity of ice = 2.03...
Nitrogen, N2, is soluble in blood and can cause intoxication at sufficient concentration. For this reason, the U.S. Navy advises divers using compressed air not to go below 125 feet. The total...
Add any unshared electrons to give each element an octet in its valence shell in the formulas below and indicate any formal charges. All of the hydrogen atoms that are attached to heteroatoms have...
A hydrocarbon of unknown structure has the formula C8H10. On catalytic hydrogenation over the Lindlar catalyst, 1 equivalent of H2 is absorbed. On hydrogenation over a palladium catalyst, 3...
Consider the following reaction at 248oC and 1.00 atm: CH3Cl(g) + H2(g) CH4(g) + HCl(g) For this reaction, the enthalpy change at 248oC is 283.3 kJ/ mol. At constant pressure the molar heat...
From the data in Figure and Table, estimate the percentages of molecules that have their substituents in an axial orientation for the following compounds: (a) Isopropylcyclohexane (b)...
A gaseous mixture consists of 80.0 mole percent N2 and 20.0 mole percent O2 (the approximate composition of air). Suppose water is saturated with the gas mixture at 25C and 1.00 atm total pressure,...
(a) Menthol, used to flavor various foods and tobacco, is the most stable stereoisomer of 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol. Draw or make a molecular model of its most stable conformation. Is the...
(a) Which primary alcohol of molecular formula C5H12O cannot be prepared from an alkene? Why? (b) Write equations describing the preparation of three isomeric primary alcohols of molecular formula...
Express the van der Waals parameters a = 1.32 atm dm6 mol? And b = 0.0436 d3 mol-1 in SI base units.
How many alkenes have the molecular formula C5H10? Write their structures and give their IUPAC names. Specify the configuration of stereoisomers as cis or trans as appropriate.
The enzyme carboxypeptidases catalyses the hydrolysis of polypeptides and here we consider its inhibition. The following results were obtained when the rate of the enzymolysis of...
Propose structures for aromatic compounds that have the following 1 H NMR spectra: (a) C 8 H 9 Br IR: 820 cm ?1 (b) C 9 H 12 Br IR: 750 cm ?1 (b) C 11 H 16 Br IR: 820 cm ?1 TMS 10 8. 6. 0 ppm...
A certain hydrocarbon had the molecular formula C16H26 and contained two triple bonds. Ozonolysis gave CH3 (CH2)4CO2H and HO2CCH2CH2CO2H as the only products. Suggest a reasonable structure for this...
Reaction of 2-methylpropene with CH3OH in the presence of H2SO4 catalyst yields methyl tert-butyl ether, CH3OC (CH3)3, by a mechanism analogous to that of acid-catalyzed alkene hydration. Write the...
The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution at 288 K is 99.0 kPa. Calculate the freezing point of the solution.
Calculate the pH of the following two buffer solutions: (a) 2.0 M CH3COONa/2.0 M CH3COOH, (b) 0.20 M CH3COONa/0.20 M CH3COOH. Which is the more effective buffer? Why?
The table below gives the break and halt temperatures found in the cooling curves of two metals A and B. Construct a phase diagram consistent with the data of these curves. Label the regions of the...
(2E, 4Z, 6Z, 8E)-2, 4, 6, 8-Decatetraene has been cyclized to give 7, 8-dimethyl-1, 3, 5-cyclooctatriene. Predict the manner of ring closureconrotatory or disrotatoryfor both thermal and...
Calculate the change in entropy that occurs when 18.02 g of ice at 210.0oC is placed in 54.05 g of water at 100.0oC in a perfectly insulated vessel. Assume that the molar heat capacities for H2O(s)...
How would you prepare the following compounds from 1-phenylethanol? More than one step may be required. (a) Acetophenone (PhCOCH3) (b) Benzyl alcohol (c) m-Bromobenzoic acid (d) 2-Phenyl-2-propanol
Consider the following reaction: CH3X + Y CH3Y + X At 25oC the following two experiments were run, yielding the following data: Experiment 1: [Y]0 = 3.0 M Experiment 2: [Y] 0 = 4.5 M Experiments were...
Although the hydrogen electrode may be conceptually the simplest electrode and is the basis for our reference state of electrical potential in electrochemical systems, it is cumbersome to use....
The decomposition of ethanol (C2H5OH) on an alumina (Al2O3) surface C2H5OH(g) C2H4(g) + H2O(g) was studied at 600 K. Concentration versus time data were collected for this reaction, and a plot of...
Identify each of the following compounds from their spectra. (a) Compound A: molecular mass 113; gives a positive hydroxamate test; IR 2237, 1733, 1200 cm-1; proton NMR: 1.33 (3H, t, J = 7 Hz), ...
Rank the following compounds in order of increasing acidity. Dont look at a table Of PKa data to help with your answer. (a) Benzoic acid, p-methyl benzoic acid, p-chlorohenzoic acid (b)...
Describe the appearance of the 1H NMR spectrum of each of the following compounds. How many signals would you expect to find, and into how many peaks will each signal be split? (a) ClCH2OCH2CH3 (b)...
Phenol, C6H5OH, is a stronger acid then methanol, CH3OH, even though both contains an O ? H bond. Draw the structures of the anions resulting from loss of H+ from phenol and methanol, and use...
Give IUPAC names for the followingsubstances: (c) CH CH CH (a) C (b) CH2CNH2 CH2H2 CH (d) (e) (f) CHCH3 H H (g) (h) (i) n, :-SCH2CH3 3 CHH2CH2NHCH3 . OPO3- CH
Using data from Table 13.3, calculate the freezing and boiling points of each of the following solutions: (a) 0.22 m glycerol (C3H8O3) in ethanol, (b) 0.240 mol of naphthalene (C10H8) in 2.45 mol of...
Draw and name all monochloro derivatives of 2, 5-dimethylhexane, C8H17C1.
Benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solutions. Consider an equimolar solution of benzene and toluene. At 20C the vapour pressures of pure benzene and toluene are 9.9 kPa and 2.9 kPa, respectively....
Without using Fig. 13.3, predict which bond in each of the following groups is the most polar. a. COF, SiOF, GeOF b. POCl, SOCl c. SOF, SOCl, SOBr d. TiOCl, SiOCl, GeOCl e. COH, SiOH, SnOH f. AlOBr,...
The partial molar volumes of two liquids A and B in a mixture in which the mole fraction of A is 0.3713 are 188.2 cm3 mol-1 and 176.14 cm3 rnol-1 respectively. The molar masses of A and Bare 241.1 g...
Photochemical chlorination of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane gives four isomeric monochlorides. (a) Write structural formulas for these four isomers. (b) The two primary chlorides make up 65% of the...
Tell whether each of the following substituents on a steroid is axial or equatorial. (A substituent that is ?up? is on the top face of the molecule as drawn, and a substituent that is ?down? is on...
When 2.25 mg of anthracene, CI4HlO(s), was burned in a bomb calorimeter the temperature raised by 1.35 K. Calculate the calorimeter constant. By how much will the temperature rise when 135 mg of...
Cholesterol (C27H46O) has the following structure: In such shorthand structures, each point where lines meet represents a carbon atom, and most H atoms are not shown. Draw the complete structure,...
A sample of synthetic cholesterol was prepared consisting entirely of the enantiomer of natural cholesterol. A mixture of natural and synthetic cholesterol has a specific rotation [a] D 20 of _13....
The enthalpy of vaporization of methanol is 35.27 k] mol-I at its normal boiling point of 64.1oC. Calculate (a) The entropy of vaporization of methanol at this temperature and (b) The entropy change...
Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of Bakelite from acid-catalyzed polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde.
Benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solutions. The boiling point of pure benzene is 80.1*C, Calculate the chemical potential of benzene relative to that of pure benzene when xbmzenc = 0.30 at its...
Calculate the average polymer length in a polymer produced by a chain mechanism in which termination occurs by a disproportionate reaction of the form M +M M + M.
The reaction of ninhydrin with an ?-amino acid occurs in several steps. (a) The first step is formation of an imine by reaction of the amino acid with ninhydrin. Show its structure and the mechanism...
A compound Z is known to have a composition of 34.38% Ni, 28.13% C, and 37.48% O. In an experiment 1.00 L of gaseous Z is mixed with 1.00 L of argon, where each gas is at P = 2.00 atm and T = 25 o C....
Consider the acid-catalyzed reaction Deduce the rate law and show that it can be made independent of the specific term [H+]. (1) HA +H* HAH (2) HAH* +B- BH* + AH k,k, both fast k, slow
For the following reactions at constant pressure, predict if H . E, H , E, or H = E. a. 2HF(g) H2(g) + F2(g) b. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) c. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
How many milliliters of a strong monoprotic acid solution at pH = 4.12 must be added to 528 mL of the same acid solution at pH = 5.76 to change its pH to 5.34? Assume that the volumes are additive.
Propose a synthesis of bicyclohexylidene, starting from Cyclohexanone as the only source of carbon. Bicyclohexylidene
How many kilojoules are absorbed when 23.09 mol of C6H6() are formed? 6C(s) + 3H2(g) ( C6H6()H = 49.0 kJ
Propose structures for compounds E-H. Compound E has the molecular formula C5H8 and is optically active. On catalytic hydrogenation E yields F. Compound F has the molecular formula C5H10, is...
Limonene, a fragrant hydrocarbon found in lemons and oranges, is biosynthesized from geranyl diphosphate by the following pathway. Add curved arrows to show the mechanism of each step. Which step...
Multifidene is a sperm cell-attracting substance released by the female of a species of brown algae (Cutleria multifida). The constitution of multifidene is
Arrange the isomers of molecular formula C4H9Cl in order of decreasing rate of reaction with sodium iodide in acetone.
Show what alcohols and carbonyl compounds give the following derivatives. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) CH CH,O OCH,CH CH O-CH CH3 CH3 CH-C H O-CH CH a,0 OX
Predict the product(s) of each of the following biological reactions by interpreting the flow of electrons as indicated by the curvedarrows: (b) H3C (OPo,- (a) R. OPP (c) :Base 2-0? H C %24
Berj Corporation issued bonds and received cash in full for the issue price. The bonds were dated and issued on January 1, 2013. The coupon rate was payable at the end of each year. The bonds mature...
Draw the two chair conformations of menthol, and tell which is morestable. C Menthol CH(CH3)2
Treatment of a cyclic ketone with diazomethane is a method for accomplishing a ring-expansion reaction. For example, treatment of Cyclohexanone with diazomethane yields Cycloheptanone. Propose...
Write a structural formula corresponding to each of the following: (a) Allylbenzene (g) 2-Nitrobenzenecarboxylic acid (b) (E)-1-Phenyl-1-butene (h) p-Diisopropylbenzene (c) (Z)-2-Phenyl-2-butene (i)...
Calculate the change in the molar Gibbs energy of oxygen when its pressure is increased isothermally from 50.0 kPa to 100.0 kPa at 500 K.