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physics
mechanics
Applied Physics 10th Edition Dale ewen, Neill schurter, P. erik gundersen - Solutions
How great is the force of friction acting on a shoe at rest on an incline compared with the resultant of the vectors mg and N?
What concept was not understood in the 16th century when people couldn't conceive of a moving Earth?
How does the magnitude of the vertical component of velocity for a ball tossed at an upward angle change as the ball travels upward? How about the horizontal component of velocity when air resistance is negligible?
Fill in the blanks: Newton's first law is often called _____ the law of ___________; Newton's second law is the law of ____________; and Newton's third law is the law of ________ and _________?
Which of Newton's three laws focuses on interactions?
Hold your hand like a flat wing outside the window of a moving automobile. Then slightly tilt the front edge upward and notice the lifting effect. Can you see Newton's laws at work here?
Try pushing your fingers together. Can you push harder on one finger than the other finger?
Calculate the resultant of the pair of velocities 100 km/h north and 75 km/h south. Calculate the resultant if both of the velocities are directed northward.Resultant of two vectors at right angles to each other:R = (X2 + Y2)
Calculate the magnitude of the resultant of a pair of 100- km/h velocity vectors that are at right angles to each other?
Calculate the resultant of a horizontal vector with a magnitude of 4 units and a vertical vector with a magnitude of 3 units?
Three identical pucks, A, B, and C, are sliding across ice at the given speeds. The forces of air and ice friction are negligible.a. Rank the pucks by the force needed to keep them moving, from greatest to least.b. Rank the pucks by the force needed to stop them in the same time interval, from
If you drop a rubber ball on the floor, it bounces back up. What force acts on the ball to provide the bounce?
A bird sitting in a tree is traveling at 30 km/s relative to the faraway Sun. When the bird drops to the ground below, does it still move at 30 km/s, or does this speed become zero?
Within a book on a table, there are billions of forces pushing and pulling on all the molecules. Why is it that these forces never by chance add up to a net force in one direction, causing the book to accelerate "spontaneously" across the table?
Why can you exert greater force on the pedals of a bicycle if you pull up on the handlebars?
Why does a rope climber pull downward on the rope to move upward?
Which team wins in a tug-of-war: the team that pulls harder on the rope or the team that pushes harder against the ground? Explain.
Your instructor challenges you and your friend to each pull on a pair of scales attached to the ends of a horizontal rope, in tug-of-war fashion, so that the readings on the scales will differ. Can this be done? Explain.
A balloon floats motionless in the air. A balloonist begins climbing the supporting cable. In which direction does the balloon move as the balloonist climbs? Defend your answer.
What is the acceleration of the stone of the preceding question at the top of its path?
In Figure 5.25 how does the magnitude of f relate to the vector sum of mg and N when the shoe is in equilibrium? What occurs if f is less than this sum?Figure 5.25:(a) On friction-free ice, only mg and N act on the shoe.(b) On the wooden board, a force of friction f is present.(c) At equilibrium,
Refer to Monkey Mo in Figure 5.26. If the rope makes an angle of 45° with the vertical, how will the magnitudes of vectors S and mg compare?Figure 5.26: Monkey Mo and the three forces that provide equilibrium.
Refer to Monkey Mo in Figure 5.26. What will be the magnitude of vector S if the rope that supports Mo is vertical? If the rope were horizontal, how would vector S be different? Why can't both vectors T and S be horizontal?Figure 5.26: Monkey Mo and the three forces that provide equilibrium.
Stand next to a wall that travels at 30 km/s relative to the Sun. With your feet on the ground, you also travel at the same 30 km/s. Do you maintain this speed when your feet leave the ground? What concept supports your answer?
A girl tosses a ball upward in Figure 5.27. If air drag is negligible, how does the horizontal component of velocity relate to Newton's first law of motion?Figure 5.27: The horizontal and vertical components of a tossed stone's velocity.
As a tossed ball sails through the air, a force of gravity mg acts on it. Identify the reaction to this force. Also identify the acceleration of the ball along its path, even at the top of its path?
When you kick a football, what action and reaction forces are involved? Which force, if either, is greater?
Is it true that when you drop from a branch to the ground below, you pull upward on Earth? If so, then why isn't the acceleration of Earth noticed?
Does a baseball bat slow down when it hits a ball? Discuss and defend your answer.
A baseball bat is swung against a baseball, which accelerates. When the ball is caught, what produces the force on the player's glove?
When you push against a wall with your fingers, they bend because they experience a force. Identify this force?
A boxer can hit a heavy bag with great force. Why can't he hit a piece of tissue paper in midair with the same amount of force?
How many forces are required for an interaction?
Consider hitting a baseball with a bat. If we call the force on the bat against the ball the action force, identify the reaction force.
Lucy Lightfoot stands with one foot on one bathroom scale and her other foot on a second bathroom scale. Each scale reads 350 N. What is Lucy's weight?
If the system of Figure 5.9 is only the orange, is there a net force on the system when the apple pulls?Figure 5.9
If the system is considered to be the apple and the orange together (Figure 5.10), is there a net force on the system when the apple pulls (ignoring friction with the floor)?Figure 5.10
To produce a net force on a system, must there be an externally applied net force?
Consider the system of a single football. If you kick it, is there a net force to accelerate the system? If a friend kicks it at the same time with an equal and opposite force, is there a net force to accelerate the system?
Earth pulls down on you with a gravitational force that you call your weight. Do you pull up on Earth with the same amount of force?
If the forces that act on a cannonball and the recoiling cannon from which it is fired are equal in magnitude, why do the cannonball and cannon have very different accelerations?
Can you physically touch a person without that person touching you with the same amount of force?
What is meant by the term vector resolution?
What happens to the magnitude of the normal vector on a block resting on an incline when the angle of the incline increases?
What does it mean to say that momentum (or any quantity) is conserved?
Henry Heavyweight weighs 1200 N and stands on a pair of bathroom scales so that one scale reads twice as much as the other. What are the scale readings?
When a cannonball is fired, momentum is conserved for the system cannon + cannonball. Would momentum be conserved for the system if momentum were not a vector quantity? Explain.
In which is momentum conserved: an elastic collision or an inelastic collision?
Railroad car A rolls at a certain speed and makes a perfectly elastic collision with car B of the same mass. After the collision, car A is observed to be at rest. How does the speed of car B compare with the initial speed of car A?
If the equally massive cars of the preceding question stick together after colliding in-elastically, how does their speed after the collision compare with the initial speed of car A?
Suppose a ball of putty moving horizontally with 1kg·m/s of momentum collides with and sticks to an identical ball of putty moving vertically with 1kg·m/s of momentum. What is the magnitude of their combined momentum?
In the preceding question, what is the total momentum of the balls of putty before and after the collision?
What is the momentum of an 8-kg bowling ball rolling at 2 m/s? Momentum = mv
What is the momentum of a 50-kg carton that slides at 4 m/s across an icy surface?
Impulse = Ft What impulse occurs when an average force of 10 N is exerted on a cart for 2.5 s?
What impulse occurs when the same force of 10 N acts on the cart for twice the time?
What is the net force on a cart that is pulled to the right with 100 pounds of force and to the left with 30 pounds of force?
Impulse = change in momentum: Ft = mv What is the impulse on an 8-kg ball rolling at 2 m/s when it bumps into a pillow and stops?
How much impulse stops a 50-kg carton that is sliding at 4 m/s when it meets a rough surface?
A 2-kg blob of putty moving at 3 m/s slams into a 2-kg blob of putty at rest. Show how the speed of the two stuck-together blobs of putty immediately after colliding is 1.5 m/s? Conservation of momentum: mvbefore = mvafter
Bowling Barry asks how much impulse is needed to stop a 10-kg bowling ball moving at 6 m/s. What is your answer?
In terms of impulse and momentum, why do air bags in cars reduce the risk of injury in accidents?
Why do gymnasts use floor mats that are very thick?
Why would it be a dangerous mistake for a bungee jumper to use a steel cable instead of an elastic cord?
When you jump from a significant height, why is it advantageous to land with your knees slightly bent?
When you catch a fast-moving baseball with your bare hand, why is it important to extend your hand forward for the catch?
Why would it be a poor idea to have the back of your hand up against the outfield wall when you catch a long fly ball?
When the Sun was directly overhead in Syene, why wasn't it directly overhead in Alexandria?
What is the resultant of a pair of 1-pound forces at right angles to each other?
Many years ago, automobiles were manufactured to be as rigid as possible, whereas today's autos are designed to crumple upon impact. Why?
A lunar vehicle is tested on Earth at a speed of 10 km/h. When it travels as fast on the Moon, is its momentum more, less, or the same?
You can't throw a raw egg against a wall without breaking it. But Peter Hopkinson can throw an egg at the same speed into a sagging sheet without breakage? Explain, using concepts from this chapter.
Why is it difficult for a firefighter to hold a hose that ejects large amounts of water at a high speed?
Would you be safe in firing a gun that has a bullet 10 times as massive as the gun? Explain.
Why are the impulses that colliding objects exert on each other equal and opposite?
Why do 8-ounce boxing gloves hit harder than 16-ounce gloves?
Here are the familiar pair of carts connected by a spring. What are the relative speeds of the carts when the spring is released?
If you place a box on an inclined plane, it gains momentum as it slides down. What is responsible for this change in momentum?
If a tennis ball and a bowling ball collide in midair, does each undergo the same amount of momentum change? Defend your answer.
Consider Nellie hanging at rest in Figure 2.11. If the ropes were vertical, with no angle involved, what would be the tension in each rope?Figure 2.11
If a Mack truck and a Mini-Cooper have a head-on collision, which vehicle experiences the greater force of impact? The greater impulse? The greater change in momentum? The greater deceleration?
A 0.5-kg cart on an air track moves 1.0 m/s to the right, heading toward a 0.8-kg cart moving to the left at 1.2 m/s. What is the direction of the two-cart system's momentum?
Two identical carts on an air table move at right angles to each other and have a completely inelastic collision. How does their combined momentum compare with the initial momentum of each cart?
Which exerts the greater impulse on a steel plate: Machine gun bullets bouncing from the plate or the same bullets squashing and sticking to the plate?
When a stationary uranium nucleus undergoes fission, it breaks into two unequal chunks that fly apart. What can you conclude about the momenta of the chunks? Discuss what you conclude about the relative speeds of the chunks.
Which has a greater momentum: A heavy truck at rest or a moving skateboard?
Distinguish between force and impulse?
What are the two ways to increase impulse?
For the same force, why does a long cannon impart more speed to a cannonball than a short cannon?
How is the impulse-momentum relationship related to Newton's second law?
Can force be expressed in units of pounds and also in units of newtons?
To impart the greatest momentum to an object, should you exert the largest force possible, extend that force for as long a time as possible, or both? Explain.
When you are struck by a moving object, is it favorable that the object makes contact with you over a short time or over a long time? Explain.
Why is a force that is applied for a short time more effective in karate?
Why is it advantageous to roll with the punch in boxing?
Which undergoes the greatest change in momentum: (a) A baseball that is caught, (b) A baseball that is thrown, or (c) A baseball that is caught and then thrown back, if all of the baseballs have the same speed just before being caught and just after being thrown?
In the preceding question, which case requires the greatest impulse?Preceding QuestionWhich undergoes the greatest change in momentum:(a) A baseball that is caught,(b) A baseball that is thrown, or(c) A baseball that is caught and then thrown back, if all of the baseballs have the same speed just
Can you produce a net impulse on an automobile if you sit inside and push on the dashboard? Can the internal forces within a soccer ball produce an impulse on the soccer ball that will change its momentum?
Is it correct to say that, if no net impulse is exerted on a system, then no change in the momentum of the system will occur?
How do clockwise and counterclockwise torques compare when a system is balanced?
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