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physics
modern physics
Physics 10th edition David Young, Shane Stadler - Solutions
Two tubes of gas are identical and are open only at one end. One tube contains neon (Ne) and the other krypton (Kr). Both are monatomic gases, have the same temperature, and may be assumed to be ideal gases. The fundamental frequency of the tube containing neon is 481 Hz. Concepts: (i) For a
Suppose that the two speakers in Figure 17.7 are separated by 2.50 m and are vibrating exactly out of phase at a frequency of 429 Hz. The speed of sound is 343 m/s. Does the observer at C observe constructive or destructive interference when his distance from speaker B is(a) 1.15 m(b) 2.00 m?
Two loudspeakers on a concert stage are vibrating in phase. A listener is 50.5 m from the left speaker and 26.0 m from the right one. The listener can respond to all frequencies from 20 to 20 000 Hz, and the speed of sound is 343 m/s. What are the two lowest frequencies that can be heard loudly due
A positive point charge q1 creates an electric field of magnitude E1 at a spot located at a distance r1 from the charge. The charge is replaced by another positive point charge q2, which creates a field of magnitude E2 = E1 at a distance of r2 = 2r1. How is q2 related to q1? (a) q2 = 2q1 (b) q2 =
The drawing shows a positive and a negative point charge. The negative charge has the greater magnitude. Where on the line that passes through the charges is the one spot where the total electric field is zero?(a) To the right of the negative charge(b) To the left of the positive charge(c) Between
The drawing shows some electric field lines. For the points indicated, rank the magnitudes of the electric field in descending order (largest first).(a) B, C, A(b) B, A, C(c) A, B, C(d) A, C, B(e) C, A, B
The drawings show (in cross section) two solid spheres and two spherical shells. Each object is made from copper and has a net charge, as the plus and minus signs indicate. Which drawing correctly shows where the charges reside when they are in equilibrium? (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
Each of three objects carries a charge. As the drawing shows, objects A and B attract each other, and objects C and A also attract each other. Which one of the following statements concerning objects B and C is true? (a) They attract each other. (b) They repel each other. (c) They neither attract
Each of two identical objects carries a net charge. The objects are made from conducting material. One object is attracted to a positively charged ebonite rod, and the other is repelled by the rod. After the objects are touched together, it is found that they are each repelled by the rod. What can
Only one of three balls A, B, and C carries a net charge q. The balls are made from conducting material and are identical. One of the uncharged balls can become charged by touching it to the charged ball and then separating the two. This process of touching one ball to another and then separating
Three point charges have equal magnitudes and are located on the same line. The separation d between A and B is the same as the separation between B and C. One of the charges is positive and two are negative, as the drawing shows. Consider the net electrostatic force that each charge experiences
Three point charges have equal magnitudes and are fixed to the corners of an equilateral triangle. Two of the charges are positive and one is negative, as the drawing shows. At which one of the corners is the net force acting on the charge directed parallel to the x axis?(a) A(b) B(c) C
Two tiny conducting spheres are identical and carry charges of -20.0 µC and +50.0 µC. They are separated by a distance of 2.50 cm. (a)What is the magnitude of the force that each sphere experiences, and is the force attractive or repulsive? (b) The spheres are brought into contact and then
Two charges attract each other with a force of 1.5 N. What will be the force if the distance between them is reduced to one-ninth of its original value?
Two point charges are fixed on the y axis: a negative point charge q1 = -25 µC at y1 = +0.22 m and a positive point charge q2 at y2 = 10.34 m. A third point charge q = 18.4 µ is fixed at the origin. The net electrostatic force exerted on the charge q by the other two charges has a magnitude of 27
The drawings show three charges that have the same magnitude but may have different signs. In all cases the distance d between the charges is the same. The magnitude of the charges is |q| = 8.6 µC, and the distance between them is d = 3.8 mm. Determine the magnitude of the net force on charge
A charge +q is located at the origin, while an identical charge is located on the x axis at x = +0.50 m. A third charge of +2q is located on the x axis at such a place that the net electrostatic force on the charge at the origin doubles, its direction remaining unchanged. Where should the third
A charge of -3.00 µC is fixed at the center of a compass. Two additional charges are fixed on the circle of the compass, which has a radius of 0.100 m. The charges on the circle are -4.00 µC at the position due north and +5.00 µC at the position due east. What are the magnitude and direction of
Multiple-Concept Example 3 provides some pertinent background for this problem. Suppose a single electron orbits about a nucleus containing two protons (+2e), as would be the case for a helium atom from which one of the two naturally occurring electrons is removed. The radius of the orbit is 2.65
An object has a charge of -2.0 µC. How many electrons must be removed so that the charge becomes +3.0 µC?
The drawing shows an equilateral triangle, each side of which has a length of 2.00 cm. Point charges are fixed to each corner, as shown. The 4.00 µC charge experiences a net force due to the charges qA and qB. This net force points vertically downward and has a magnitude of 405 N. Determine the
The drawing shows three point charges fixed in place. The charge at the coordinate origin has a value of q1 = +8.00 µC; the other two charges have identical magnitudes, but opposite signs: q2 = -5.00 µC and q3 = +5.00 µC. (a) Determine the net force (magnitude and direction) exerted on q1 by
An electrically neutral model airplane is flying in a horizontal circle on a 3.0-m guideline, which is nearly parallel to the ground. The line breaks when the kinetic energy of the plane is 50.0 J. Reconsider the same situation, except that now there is a point charge of +q on the plane and a point
Multiple-Concept Example 3 illustrates several of the concepts that come into play in this problem. A single electron orbits a lithium nucleus that contains three protons (+3e). The radius of the orbit is 1.76 × 10-11 m. Determine the kinetic energy of the electron.
An unstrained horizontal spring has a length of 0.32 m and a spring constant of 220 N/m. Two small charged objects are attached to this spring, one at each end. The charges on the objects have equal magnitudes. Because of these charges, the spring stretches by 0.020 m relative to its unstrained
There are four charges, each with a magnitude of 2.0 µC. Two are positive and two are negative. The charges are fixed to the corners of a 0.30-m square, one to a corner, in such a way that the net force on any charge is directed toward the center of the square. Find the magnitude of the net
A small spherical insulator of mass 8.00 × 10-2 kg and charge +0.600 µC is hung by a thread of negligible mass. A charge of - 0.900 µC is held 0.150 m away from the sphere and directly to the right of it, so the thread makes an angle u with the vertical (see the drawing). Find (a) the
Two objects carry initial charges that are q1 and q2, respectively, where |q2| > |q1|. They are located 0.200 m apart and behave like point charges. They attract each other with a force that has a magnitude of 1.20 N. The objects are then brought into contact, so the net charge is shared equally,
Four identical metallic objects carry the following charges: +1.6, +6.2, -4.8, and -9.4 µC. The objects are brought simultaneously into contact, so that each touches the others. Then they are separated. (a) What is the final charge on each object? (b) How many electrons (or protons) make up the
Suppose you want to determine the electric field in a certain region of space. You have a small object of known charge and an instrument that measures the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on the object by the electric field. (a) The object has a charge of +20.0 µC and the instrument
An electric field of 260 000 N/C points due west at a certain spot. What are the magnitude and direction of the force that acts on a charge of -7.0 µC at this spot?
Four point charges have the same magnitude of 2.4 × 10-12C and are fixed to the corners of a square that is 4.0 cm on a side. Three of the charges are positive and one is negative. Determine the magnitude of the net electric field that exists at the center of the square.
The drawing shows two situations in which charges are placed on the x and y axes. They are all located at the same distance of 6.1 cm from the origin O. For each of the situations in the drawing, determine the magnitude of the net electric field at the origin.
A uniform electric field exists everywhere in the x, y plane. This electric field has a magnitude of 4500 N/C and is directed in the positive x direction. A point charge 28.0 × 10-9 C is placed at the origin. Determine the magnitude of the net electric field at (a) x = -0.15 m, (b) x = +0.15 m,
The membrane surrounding a living cell consists of an inner and an outer wall that are separated by a small space. Assume that the membrane acts like a parallel plate capacitor in which the effective charge density on the inner and outer walls has a magnitude of 7.1 × 10-6 C/m2. (a) What is the
A 3.0 µC point charge is placed in an external uniform electric field that has a magnitude of 1.6 × 104 N/C. At what distance from the charge is the net electric field zero?
Four identical metal spheres have charges of qA = -8.0 µC, qB = -2.0 µC, qC = +5.0µC, and qD = +12.0µC.(a) Two of the spheres are brought together so they touch, and then they are separated. Which spheres are they, if the final charge on each one is 15.0 µC?(b) In a similar manner, which three
A proton and an electron are moving due east in a constant electric field that also points due east. The electric field has a magnitude of 8.0 × 104N/C. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the proton and the electron.
Two charges are placed between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor. One charge is +q1 and the other is q2 = +5.00 µC. The charge per unit area on each of the plates has a magnitude of σ = 1.30 × 10-4 C/m2. The magnitude of the force on q1 due to q2 equals the magnitude of the force on q1
A small object has a mass of 3.0 × 10-3 kg and a charge of -34 µC. It is placed at a certain spot where there is an electric field. When released, the object experiences an acceleration of 2.5 × 103 m/s2 in the direction of the +x axis. Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field.
A spring with an unstrained length of 0.074 m and a spring constant of 2.4 N/m hangs vertically downward from the ceiling. A uniform electric field directed vertically upward fills the region containing the spring. A sphere with a mass of 5.1 × 10-3 kg and a net charge of +6.6 µC is attached to
The total electric field consists of the vector sum of two parts. One part has a magnitude of E1 = 1200 N/C and points at an angle θ1 = 35° above the +x axis. The other part has a magnitude of E2 = 1700 N/C and points at an angle θ2 = 55° above the +x axis. Find the magnitude and direction of
A particle of charge +12 µC and mass 3.8 × 10-5 kg is released from rest in a region where there is a constant electric field of +480 N/C. What is the displacement of the particle after a time of 1.6 × 10-2 s?
The drawing shows a positive point charge +q1, a second point charge q2 that may be positive or negative, and a spot labeled P, all on the same straight line. The distance d between the two charges is the same as the distance between q1 and the spot P. With q2 present, the magnitude of the net
An electron is released from rest at the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor. The charge per unit area on each plate is σ = 1.8 × 10-7 C/m2, and the plate separation is 1.5 × 10-2m. How fast is the electron moving just before it reaches the positive plate?
Two particles are in a uniform electric field that points in the 1x direction and has a magnitude of 2500 N/C. The mass and charge of particle 1 are m1 = 1.4 x 10-5 kg and q1 = -7.0 µC, while the corresponding values for particle 2 are m2 = 2.6 × 10-5 kg and q2 = +18 µC. Initially the particles
The drawing shows an electron entering the lower left side of a parallel plate capacitor and exiting at the upper right side. The initial speed of the electron is 7.00 × 106 m/s. The capacitor is 2.00 cm long, and its plates are separated by 0.150 cm. Assume that the electric field
A small plastic ball with a mass of 6.50 × 10-3 kg and with a charge of +0.150 µC is suspended from an insulating thread and hangs between the plates of a capacitor (see the drawing). The ball is in equilibrium, with the thread making an angle of 30.08 with respect to the vertical. The area
A spherical surface completely surrounds a collection of charges. Find the electric flux through the surface if the collection consists of (a) a single +3.5 × 10-6 C charge, (b) a single -2.3 × 10-6 C charge, and (c) both of the charges in (a) and (b).
A surface completely surrounds a +2.0 × 10-6C charge. Find the electric flux through this surface when the surface is (a) a sphere with a radius of 0.50 m, (b) a sphere with a radius of 0.25 m, and (c) a cube with edges that are 0.25 m long.
A circular surface with a radius of 0.057 m is exposed to a uniform external electric field of magnitude 1.44 × 104 N/C. The magnitude of the electric flux through the surface is 78 N∙ m2/C. What is the angle (less than 90°) between the direction of the electric field and the normal to the
A charge Q is located inside a rectangular box. The electric flux through each of the six surfaces of the box is: Φ1 = +1500 N ? m2/C, Φ2 = +2200 N ∙ m2/C, Φ3 = +4600 N ∙ m2/C, Φ4 = -1800 N ∙ m2/C, Φ5 = -3500 N ∙ m2/C, and Φ6 = -5400 N ∙ m2/C. What is Q?
A solid non conducting sphere has a positive charge q spread uniformly throughout its volume. The charge density or charge per unit volume, therefore, is q/4/3πR3. Use Gauss' law to show that the electric field at a point within the sphere at a radius r has a magnitude of qr/4πε0R3.
A plate carries a charge of -3.0 µC, while a rod carries a charge of +2.0 µC. How many electrons must be transferred from the plate to the rod, so that both objects have the same charge?
Two spherical shells have a common center. A -1.6 × 10-6 C charge is spread uniformly over the inner shell, which has a radius of 0.050 m. A +5.1 × 10-6 C charge is spread uniformly over the outer shell, which has a radius of 0.15 m. Find the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a
A small drop of water is suspended motionless in air by a uniform electric field that is directed upward and has a magnitude of 8480 N/C. The mass of the water drop is 3.50 × 10-9 kg. (a) Is the excess charge on the water drop positive or negative? Why? (b) How many excess electrons or protons
When point charges q1 = +8.4 µC and q2 = +5.6 µC are brought near each other, each experiences a repulsive force of magnitude 0.66 N. Determine the distance between the charges.
Two small objects, A and B, are fixed in place and separated by 3.00 cm in a vacuum. Object A has a charge of 12.00 µC, and object B has a charge of -2.00 µC. How many electrons must be removed from object A and put onto object B to make the electrostatic force that acts on each object an
Water has a mass per mole of 18.0 g/mol, and each water molecule (H2O) has 10 electrons. (a) How many electrons are there in one liter (1.00 × 10-3m3) of water? (b) What is the net charge of all these electrons?
The drawing shows two positive charges q1 and q2 fixed to a circle. At the center of the circle they produce a net electric field that is directed upward along the vertical axis. Determine the ratio |q2|/|q1| of the charge magnitudes.
Three point charges have equal magnitudes, two being positive and one negative. These charges are fixed to the corners of an equilateral triangle, as the drawing shows. The magnitude of each of the charges is 5.0 µC, and the lengths of the sides of the triangle are 3.0 cm. Calculate the magnitude
A small object, which has a charge q = 7.5 µC and mass m = 9.0 × 10-5 kg, is placed in a constant electric field. Starting from rest, the object accelerates to a speed of 2.0 × 103 m/s in a time of 0.96 s. Determine the magnitude of the electric field.
Four point charges have equal magnitudes. Three are positive, and one is negative, as the drawing shows. They are fixed in place on the same straight line, and adjacent charges are equally separated by a distance d. Consider the net electrostatic force acting on each charge. Calculate the ratio of
Two parallel plate capacitors have circular plates. The magnitude of the charge on these plates is the same. However, the electric field between the plates of the first capacitor is 2.2 × 105 N/C, whereas the field within the second capacitor is 3.8 × 105 N/C. Determine the ratio r2/r1 of the
Two identical small insulating balls are suspended by separate 0.25-m threads that are attached to a common point on the ceiling. Each ball has a mass of 8.0 × 10-4 kg. Initially the balls are uncharged and hang straight down. They are then given identical positive charges and, as a result, spread
In a vacuum, a proton (charge =+e, mass = 1.67 × 10-27kg) is moving parallel to a uniform electric field that is directed along the 1x axis (see the figure). The proton starts with a velocity of +2.5 × 104 m/s and accelerates in the same direction as the electric field,
Two point charges are lying on the y axis as in the figure: q1 = -4.00 µC and q2 = 14.00 µC. They are equidistant from the point P, which lies on the x axis. Concepts: (i) There is no charge at P in part a of the figure. Is there an electric field at P? (ii) What is the direction of the
In a vacuum, two particles have charges of q1 and q2, where q1 = +3.5 µC. They are separated by a distance of 0.26 m, and particle 1 experiences an attractive force of 3.4 N. What is q2 (magnitude and sign)?
The drawing shows edge-on views of three parallel plate capacitors with the same separation between the plates. The potential of each plate is indicated above it. Rank the capacitors as to the magnitude of the electric field inside them, largest to smallest.(a) A, B, C(b) A, C, B(c) C, B, A(d) C,
The drawing shows a plot of the electric potential V versus the displacements. The plot consists of four segments. Rank the magnitude of the electric fields for the four segments, largest to smallest.(a) D, C, B, A(b) A and C (a tie), B and D (a tie)(c) A, B, D, C(d) B, D, C, A(e) D, B, A and C (a
Which two or more of the following actions would increase the energy stored in a parallel plate capacitor when a constant potential difference is applied across the plates?1. Increasing the area of the plates2. Decreasing the area of the plates3. Increasing the separation between the plates4.
Two different charges, q1 and q2, are placed at two different locations, one charge at each location. The locations have the same electric potential V. Do the charges have the same electric potential energy?(a) Yes. If the electric potentials at the two locations are the same, the electric
A proton is released from rest at point A in a constant electric field and accelerates to point B (see part a of the drawing). An electron is released from rest at point B and accelerates to point A (see part b of the drawing). How does the change in the proton's electric potential energy compare
The drawing shows three arrangements of charged particles, all the same distance from the origin. Rank the arrangements, largest to smallest, according to the total electric potential V at the origin.(a) A, B, C(b) B, A, C(c) B, C, A(d) A, B and C (a tie)(e) A and C (a tie), B
Four pairs of charged particles with identical separations are shown in the drawing. Rank the pairs according to their electric potential energy EPE, greatest (most positive) fi rst.(a) A and C (a tie), B and D (a tie)(b) A, B, C, D(c) C, B, D, A(d) B, A, C and D (a tie)(e) A and B (a tie), C, D
During a particular thunderstorm, the electric potential difference between a cloud and the ground is Vcloud - Vground = 1.3 × 108 V, with the cloud being at the higher potential. What is the change in an electron's electric potential energy when the electron moves from the ground to the cloud?
A moving particle encounters an external electric field that decreases its kinetic energy from 9520 eV to 7060 eV as the particle moves from position A to position B. The electric potential at A is -55.0 V, and the electric potential at B is +27.0 V. Determine the charge of the particle. Include
During a lightning fl ash, there exists a potential difference of Vcloud - Vground = 1.2 × 109 V between a cloud and the ground. As a result, a charge of -25 C is transferred from the ground to the cloud. (a) How much work Wground-cloud is done on the charge by the electric force? (b) I the work
A particle is uncharged and is thrown vertically upward from ground level with a speed of 25.0 m/s. As a result, it attains a maximum height h. The particle is then given a positive charge -q and reaches the same maximum height h when thrown vertically upward with a speed of 30.0 m/s. The electric
Two point charges, +3.40 µC and -6.10 µC, are separated by 1.20 m. What is the electric potential midway between them?
An electron and a proton are initially very far apart (effectively an infinite distance apart). They are then brought together to form a hydrogen atom, in which the electron orbits the proton at an average distance of 5.29 × 10-11 m. What is EPEfinal - EPEinitial, which is the change in the
A charge of +125 µC is fixed at the center of a square that is 0.64 m on a side. How much work is done by the electric force as a charge of +7.0 µC is moved from one corner of the square to any other empty corner? Explain.
The drawing shows six point charges arranged in a rectangle. The value of q is 9.0 µC, and the distance d is 0.13 m. Find the total electric potential at location P, which is at the center of the rectangle.
A particle with a charge of -1.5 µC and a mass of 2.5 x 1026 kg is released from rest at point A and accelerates toward point B, arriving there with a speed of 42 m/s. The only force acting on the particle is the electric force. (a) Which point is at the higher potential? Give your reasoning. (b)
Location A is 3.00 m to the right of a point charge q. Location B lies on the same line and is 4.00 m to the right of the charge. The potential difference between the two locations is VB - VA = 45.0 V. What are the magnitude and sign of the charge?
Identical +1.8 µC charges are fixed to adjacent corners of a square. What charge (magnitude and algebraic sign) should be fixed to one of the empty corners, so that the total electric potential at the remaining empty corner is 0 V?
Charges of 2q and 12q are fixed in place, with a distance of 2.00 m between them. A dashed line is drawn through the negative charge, perpendicular to the line between the charges. On the dashed line, at a distance L from the negative charge, there is at least one spot where the total potential is
Two identical point charges (q = +7.20 × 10-6 C) are fixed at diagonally opposite corners of a square with sides of length 0.480 m. A test charge (q0 = -2.40 × 10-8 C), with a mass of 6.60 × 10-8 kg, is released from rest at one of the empty corners of the square. Determine the speed of the test
Two protons are moving directly toward one another. When they are very far apart, their initial speeds are 3.00 × 106 m/s. What is the distance of closest approach?
Four identical charges (+2.0 µC each) are brought from infinity and fixed to a straight line. The charges are located 0.40 m apart. Determine the electric potential energy of this group.
A charge of -3.00 µC is fixed in place. From a horizontal distance of 0.0450 m, a particle of mass 7.20 × 1023 kg and charge -8.00 µC is fired with an initial speed of 65.0 m/s directly toward the fixed charge. How far does the particle travel before its speed is zero?
Identical point charges of +1.7 µC are fixed to diagonally opposite corners of a square. A third charge is then fixed at the center of the square, such that it causes the potentials at the empty corners to change signs without changing magnitudes. Find the sign and magnitude of the third charge.
One particle has a mass of 3.00 × 10-3 kg and a charge of +8.00 µC. A second particle has a mass of 6.00 × 1023 kg and the same charge. The two particles are initially held in place and then released. The particles fly apart, and when the separation between them is 0.100 m, the speed of the 3.00
Two equipotential surfaces surround a +1.50 × 10-8 C point charge. How far is the 190-V surface from the 75.0-V surface?
An equipotential surface that surrounds a point charge q has a potential of 490 V and an area of 1.1 m2. Determine q.
A positive point charge (q = +7.2 × 10-8 C) is surrounded by an equipotential surface A, which has a radius of rA = 1.8 m. A positive test charge (q0 = +4.5 × 10-11 C) moves from surface A to another equipotential surface B, which has a radius rB. The work done as the test charge moves from
The drawing that accompanies Problem 60 shows a graph of a set of equipotential surfaces in cross section. The grid lines are 2.0 cm apart. Determine the magnitude and direction of the electric field at position D. Specify whether the electric field points toward the top or the bottom of the
An electron is released from rest at the negative plate of a parallel plate capacitor and accelerates to the positive plate (see the drawing). The plates are separated by a distance of 1.2 cm, and the electric field within the capacitor has a magnitude of 2.1 × 106 V/m. What is the kinetic
The drawing shows the electric potential as a function of distance along the x axis. Determine the magnitude of the electric field in the region (a) A to B, (b) B to C, and (c) C to D.
A particle has a charge of +1.5 µC and moves from point A to point B, a distance of 0.20 m. The particle experiences a constant electric force, and its motion is along the line of action of the force. The difference between the particle's electric potential energy at A and at B is EPEA - EPEB =
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