Biostatistics A Foundation For Analysis In The Health Sciences 8th Edition Wayne W. Daniel - Solutions

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The partial ANOV table given in Table 12.24 was extracted from the article “Dietary supplement containing mixture of raw curry, garlic, and ginger” published in the The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness (Ugwuja et al., 2008). The ANOV table corresponds to a single-factor experiment
Use the summary of Levene’s test for nonconstant variance given in Figure 12.11 resulting from a single-factor analysis of variance with four treatments to check the constant variance assumption. Is it reasonable to assume that each of the treatment groups has the same variance? Explain. Trt 2 3
Use the summary of Levenes test for nonconstant variance given in Figure 12.10 resulting from a single-factor analysis of variance with four treatments to check the constant variance assumption. Is it reasonable to assume that each of the treatment groups has the same variance? Explain. TRT 4 3 2 1
Use the sample standard deviations given in Table 12.23 resulting from a singlefactor analysis of variance on four treatments to check the constant variance assumption. Is it reasonable to assume that each of the treatment groups has the same variance? Explain. Treatment Sample SD 1234 33.56 22.63
Use the sample standard deviations given in Table 12.22 resulting from a singlefactor analysis of variance on five treatments to check the constant variance assumption. Is it reasonable to assume that each of the treatment groups has the same variance? Explain. Treatment - 1 Sample SD 2.78 2345
When there is evidence suggesting that there is a nonconstant variance problem in an analysis of variance, which transformation of the response variable is suggested as a potential cure for the nonconstant variance problem?
What are the two methods that can be used to check the constant variance assumption in a single-factor model?
What is the constant variance assumption in a single-factor model?
Use the normal probability plot given in Figure 12.9 resulting from a single-factor analysis of variance with four treatments to check the normality assumption. Is it reasonable to assume that the error term is normally distributed? Explain. Percent 99 95 90 80 70 60 50 RODDON DE 40 30 20 10 5 -7.5
How can the normality assumption of a single-factor model be checked?
What is the normality assumption in a single-factor model?
In a single-factor analysis of variance, what is the(a) the estimator of the ????th treatment mean?(b) the residual associated the observation ?????????????(c) an estimator of ?????
What parameter does MSE estimate?
Describe what each of the sum of squares in Exercise 12.6 measures.
In a single-factor analysis of variance, what are the formulas for(a) SSTot.(b) SSTR.(c) SSE.
In terms of the parameters of a single-factor analysis of variance model, explain why the difference between two treatment means is equal to the difference of their treatment effects.
In terms of the parameters of a single-factor analysis of variance model, what is the(a) ????th treatment mean?(b) difference between the ????th and ????th treatment means?
In a single-factor analysis of variance what(a) is the model?(b) are the assumptions of the model?(c) does ???????????? represent?
What is a balanced design?
Why is an experiment preferred over an observational study?
If the response variable is a binary variable, determine the model for(a) a completely randomized design.(b) a randomized block design.(c) a completely randomized design in a two-factor factorial experiment.(d) a randomized block design in a two-factor factorial experiment.(e) a completely
If the response variable is a quantitative variable, determine the model for a fourfactor factorial experiment run as a(a) a completely randomized design.(b) a randomized block design.
When the response variable is a quantitative variable, what is the difference between two treatment means in a three-factor completely randomized experiment when(a) none of the factors interact?(b) all of the interactions are present?(c) only the two-way interactions are present?
When the response variable is a quantitative variable, what is the difference between????????th and ????????th treatment means in a two-factor completely randomized experiment when(a) the factors interact?(b) the factors do not interact?
If the response variable is a quantitative variable, determine the model for(a) a completely randomized design.(b) a randomized block design.(c) a completely randomized design in a two-factor factorial experiment.(d) a randomized block design in a two-factor factorial experiment.(e) a completely
What is an interaction effect?
What is a main effect?
A randomized block design is going to be used to study the treatments in a 25 factorial experiment. Determine(a) the number of experimental units in a block.(b) the number of blocks needed so that there will be at least 30 degrees associated with experimental error.
A randomized block design is going to be used to study the treatments in a 4×2×2 factorial experiment. Determine(a) the number of experimental units in a block.(b) the number of blocks needed so that there will be at least 30 degrees associated with experimental error.(c) the degrees of freedom
Determine the degrees of freedom table for a randomized block design experiment run as a(a) 2 × 3 × 3 factorial experiment with ???? = 5 blocks.(b) 5 × 4 × 2 factorial experiment with ???? = 6 blocks.(c) 2 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment with ???? = 10 blocks.
A completely randomized design is going to be used to study the treatments in a 23 factorial experiment. Determine(a) the number of replicates needed so that there will be at least 40 degrees associated with experimental error.(b) the degrees of freedom table for this experiment using the number of
A completely randomized design is going to be used to study the treatments in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment. Determine(a) the number of replicates needed so that there will be at least 30 degrees associated with experimental error.(b) the degrees of freedom table for this experiment using the
If the response variable is a quantitative variable, what are the assumptions made on the block term in the model for a randomized block design?
If the response variable is a quantitative variable, what are the assumptions made on the error term in the model for a(a) completely randomized design?(b) randomized block design?
A randomized block design is going to be used to study the treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment. Determine(a) the number of experimental units in each block.(b) the number of blocks needed so that there will be at least 40 degrees associated with experimental error.(c) the degrees of freedom
A randomized block design is going to be used to study the treatments in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment. Determine(a) the number of experimental units in each block.(b) the number of blocks needed so that there will be at least 40 degrees associated with experimental error.(c) the degrees of freedom
Determine the degrees of freedom table for a randomized block design experiment run as a(a) 2 × 3 factorial experiment with ???? = 6 blocks.(b) 4 × 3 factorial experiment with ???? = 5 blocks.(c) 4 × 2 factorial experiment with ???? = 12 blocks.
A completely randomized design is going to be used to study the treatments in a 5 × 4 factorial experiment. Determine(a) the number of replicates needed so that there will be at least 40 degrees associated with experimental error.(b) the degrees of freedom table for this experiment using the
A completely randomized design is going to be used to study the treatments in a 4 × 3 factorial experiment. Determine(a) the number of replicates needed so that there will be at least 25 degrees associated with experimental error.(b) the degrees of freedom table for this experiment using the
Determine the degrees of freedom table for a completely randomized design experiment run as a(a) 4 × 3 factorial experiment with ???? = 10 replicates of each treatment.(b) 3 × 3 factorial experiment with ???? = 4 replicates of each treatment.(c) 2 × 4 factorial experiment with ???? = 8
In a 25 factorial experiment, how many(a) factors are being studied?(b) levels does each factor have?(c) treatments are being studied?
Determine the number of treatments in a(a) 4 × 3 factorial experiment.(b) 3 × 5 factorial experiment.(c) 4 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment.(d) 2 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment.(e) 25 factorial experiment.(f) 28 factorial experiment.
Determine the treatments in a three-factor experiment when(a) factor A has levels low and high, factor B has levels wet and dry, and factor C has levels 10% and 20%.(b) factor A has levels low, medium, and high, factor B has levels light and dark, and factor C has levels 10%, 15%, and 20%.(c)
Determine the treatments in a two-factor experiment when(a) factor A has levels low, medium, and high and factor B has levels low and high.(b) factor A has levels 10%, 15%, and 20% and factor B has levels water, alcohol, glycerine.(c) factor A has levels low and high and factor B has levels 250◦,
What is a(a) factorial experiment? (b) factorial treatment structure?(c) two-factor experiment? (d) two-factor treatment structure?
Suppose a researcher is going to study the effects of marijuana on motor function skills. Fifty subjects of different motor function skills are available for the study, and each subject will be tested before receiving a dose of marijuana and one hour after receiving the dose of marijuana.(a) Is
Determine the degrees of freedom table for a matched pairs experiment when there are(a) 20 pairs.(b) 38 pairs.(c) 65 pairs.
What is the experimental design that is used in a matched pairs study?
What is the disadvantage of using a randomized block design over a completely randomized design when the units do not align in blocks?
What is the advantage of using a randomized block design over a completely randomized design when the units align in blocks?
What are the advantages of a completely randomized design?
An experiment is going to be performed to compare six treatments, however, only eight experimental units may be studied at any one time. Determine(a) the number of blocks needed so that there will be at least 30 degrees associated with experimental error.(b) the degrees of freedom table for this
An experiment is going to be performed to compare four treatments, however, only four experimental units may be studied at any one time. Determine(a) the number of blocks needed so that there will be at least 30 degrees associated with experimental error.(b) the degrees of freedom table for this
Determine the degrees of freedom table for a randomized block design with(a) ???? = 4 treatments and ???? = 8 blocks.(b) ???? = 3 treatments and ???? = 10 blocks.(c) ???? = 8 treatments and ???? = 5 blocks.(d) ???? = 10 treatments and ???? = 6 blocks.
Determine the degrees of freedom table associated with each of the randomized block designs in Exercise 11.29.
Determine the randomization for a randomized block design with(a) ???? = 4 treatments and ???? = 5 blocks.(b) ???? = 3 treatments and ???? = 6 blocks.(c) ???? = 5 treatments and ???? = 3 blocks.(d) ???? = 5 treatments and ???? = 6 blocks.
For a randomized block design with five treatments and 10 blocks, determine(a) the number of experimental units needed to perform this experiment.(b) the number of experimental units in each block.(c) the number of replicates of each treatment.
For a randomized block design with five treatments and eight blocks, determine(a) the number of experimental units needed to perform this experiment.(b) the number of experimental units in each block.(c) the degrees of freedom table for this experiment using the number of replicates determined in
A balanced completely randomized design is going to be used to study eight treatments. Determine(a) the number of replicates needed so that there will be at least 30 degrees associated with experimental error.(b) the degrees of freedom table for this experiment using the number of replicates
A balanced completely randomized design is going to be used to study five treatments. Determine(a) the number of replicates needed so that there will be at least 30 degrees associated with experimental error.(b) the degrees of freedom table for this experiment using the number of replicates
Determine the degrees of freedom table for a completely randomized design with(a) ???? = 3 treatments and ???? = 36 experimental units.(b) ???? = 5 treatments and ???? = 50 experimental units.(c) ???? = 4 treatments and ???? = 32 experimental units.(d) ???? = 3 treatments and ???? = 46 experimental
Determine the degrees of freedom table associated with each of the completely randomized designs in Exercise 11.22.
Determine the random allocation of experimental units to the treatments in a completely randomized design with(a) ???? = 3 treatments, ???? = 20 experimental units, and treatment replications ????1 =7, ????2 = 7, and ????3 = 6.(b) ???? = 4 treatments, ???? = 30 experimental units, and treatment
Under what conditions is it appropriate to consider using a(a) completely randomized design? (b) randomized block design?
What is the purpose of sorting the experimental units into blocks of units that are alike?
What is a blocking factor?
What are the two sources of experimental error?
What is the purpose of randomly assigning the experimental units to the treatment groups?
What are the factors that limit the number of experimental units and replicates of each treatment that can be used in an experiment?
What is the purpose of replicating the treatments in an experiment?
What is(a) an experimental unit? (b) a treatment?(c) a block? (d) a blinded experiment?(e) a placebo? (f) a replicate?(g) a balanced experiment? (h) an experimental error?(i) a randomized controlled experiment?(j) an experimental design?
A physical therapist is interested in comparing four different physical therapy regimens for patients recovering from knee replacement surgery. The four treatment regimens to be studied are weight training, aquatic exercise, riding a bike, and walking.Each treatment group will consist of 20
A medical researcher wants to investigate the relationship between the duration of the common cold and the use of echinacea, vitamin C, or a combination of echinacea and vitamin C. The four treatments being studied are echinacea, 1000 mg of vitamin C, ehcinacea and 500mg vitamin C, and a control
A medical researcher wants to investigate the relationship between increased dietary intake of fiber and cholesterol level. The four treatments being studied are a control treatment where a subject maintains their current diet and three increased fiber treatments where a subject increases their
A medical researcher wants to study the long-term effects of the regular smoking of marijuana. In a retrospective study a random sample of 200 adults is selected and surveyed on their use of marijuana and their health. Determine whether this study is an observational study or an experiment. If this
Can an experiment always be used in a prospective study? Explain.
Why is a retrospective study always an observational study?
Why is a well-designed experiment preferred over an observational study?
Determine whether each of the following studies is an experiment or an observational study.(a) A medical researcher is going to study the relationship between cell phone use and Alzheimer’s disease.(b) A medical researcher is going to study the relationship between recovery time after heart
What does it mean when the effects of two variables are said to be confounded?
What is(a) an extraneous variable? (b) confounding variable?
What distinguishes an experiment from an observational study?
What is an observational study?
Rothenberg et al. (A-13) investigated the effectiveness of using the Hologic Sahara Sonome- ter, a portable device that measures bone mineral density (BMD) in the ankle, in predicting a fracture. They used a Hologic estimated bone mineral density value of .57 as a cutoff. The results of the
Refer to Exercise 18. State in words the meaning of the following events: (a) AUB (b) AnB (c) ANC (d) AUC Refer to Exercise 18. State in words the meaning of the following events: (a) A (b) (c) C
For a certain population we define the following events with respect to plasma lipoprotein levels (mg/dl): A (10-15); B (80); C (20). Are the events A and B mutually exclu- sive? A and C B and C? Explain your answer to each question.
Refer to Exercise 14. Comment on the event G= (ANB).
Refer to Exercise State in words the event F (BUC).
State in words the event E=(AUB).
For a certain population we define the following events for mother's age at time of giving birth: A under 20 years; B 20-24 years; C-25-29 years; D 30-44 years. Are the events A, B, C, and D pairwise mutually exclusive? Refer to Exercise
The probability that a person selected at random from a population will exhibit the clas- sic symptom of a certain disease is .2, and the probability that a person selected at random has the disease is .23. The probability that a person who has the symptom also has the dis- ease is .18. A person
In a certain population of women 4 percent have had breast cancer, 20 percent are smok- ers, and 3 percent are smokers and have had breast cancer. A woman is selected at random from the population. What is the probability that she has had breast cancer or smokes or both?
Suppose that 3 percent of the people in a population of adults have attempted suicide. It is also known that 20 percent of the population are living below the poverty level. If these two events are independent, what is the probability that a person selected at random from the population will have
10. In a certain population the probability that a randomly selected subject will have been exposed to a certain allergen and experience a reaction to the allergen is .60. The prob- ability is .8 that a subject exposed to the allergen will experience an allergic reaction. If a subject is selected
9. For a variety of reasons, self-reported disease outcomes are frequently used without verification in epidemiologic research. In a study by Parikh Patel et al. (A-12), researchers looked at the relationship between self-reported cancer cases and actual cases. They used the self-reported cancer
8. If the probability that a public health nurse will find a client at home is .7, what is the probability (assuming independence) that on two home visits made in a day both clients will be home?
7. The following table shows 1000 nursing school applicants classified according to scores made on a college entrance examination and the quality of the high school from which they graduated, as rated by a group of educators:Quality of Bigh Schools Poor Average Superior Score (P) (A) (S) Total Low
6. A certain county health department has received 25 applications for an opening that exists for a public health nurse. Of these applicants 10 are over 30 and 15 are under 30. Seven- teen hold bachelor's degrees only, and eight have master's degrees. Of those under 30, six have master's degrees.
5. Pillman et al. (A-11) studied patients with acute brief episodes of psychoses. The researchers classified subjects into four personality types: obsessiod, asthenic/low self-confident, asthenic/high self-confident, nervous/tense, and undeterminable. The table below cross- classifies these
4. Swor et al. (A-10) looked at the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in people over 55 years old. They compared the skill retention rates of subjects in this age group who completed a course in traditional CPR instruction with those who received chest-compression only

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Biostatistics A Foundation For Analysis In The Health Sciences 8th Edition Wayne W. Daniel - Solutions

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