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human resource management
Questions and Answers of
Human Resource Management
How idealistic or cynical are calls for activities such as mentoring and coaching in today’s flexible organisations?
In what ways might learning and development interventions support the business strategy?
To what extent do the learning theories discussed in the first section of this chapter inform the design and delivery of learning interventions in your organisation or organisations with which you
How would you explain the term ‘employability’? How might individuals acquire greater employability?
What are the key differences between learning and development?
Read through the scenarios below, which all concern discrimination on the basis of religion.Scenario 1 – The airline check-in desk workerAn airline has a strict uniform policy that prohibits the
Who should take prime responsibility for an individual’s career development?
How has the structure of demand for labour changed over the last three decades or so?
Explain why rates of labour market participation vary between ethnic minority groups and within groups.
Explain why gendered occupational segregation, time segregation and vertical segregation persist in the UK in the twenty-first century.
1. What are the benefits of Nissan’s approach to employee retention?2. What factors should other organisations, wanting to adopt a similar approach, need to consider?3. What impact might
Evaluate the key factors likely to influence selection decisions.
In the face of increased competition for key talent why do many organisations still fail to ‘grow their own’?
Imagine you are responsible for selecting operators to work in a contact centre.• Prepare a set of behavioural questions suitable for the interview. You are looking for evidence of strong social
Think about a place where you have worked or an organisation with which you are familiar. How relevant are these perspectives to the approach used in that organisation?To what extent will the
1. Why do you think the skills shortages referred to in the case are reportedly most acute in the electricity, gas, water, construction, transport and manufacturing sectors?2. To what extent do you
Who have been the main beneficiaries of changes in the labour market since the 1980s and who have been the main losers?
Why have levels of job intensity increased in recent years?
• The NHS Constitution for England cited in the segment, is but one intervention that has affected the working lives of public sector professional workers, can you think of others?• Carry out
• Discuss with fellow students your perceptions of your own job security or insecurity generally in the current economic climate.• What factors influence your assessment?• To what extent do you
• Suggest why the growth of the service sector has boosted part-time and female employment.• Consider the type of jobs, and the quality of the jobs that are available as a result of this
• Why does the glass ceiling persist in the twenty-first century and what prospect is there for smashing it?• Given that Lord Davies’ target was not met by 2015, what chance do you think there
To what extent are broader patterns of occupational segregation useful for explaining the varying levels of representation of women in senior roles as shown in Table 4.3?
Give some thought to the data presented in the section. How might you begin to explain the differences between the unemployment rates of different ethnic groups?
The uneven geographical spread of ethnic minority groups means that some local labour markets remain practically unaffected by the arrival of migrants from within and beyond the EU, while others have
• Thinking about the organisation you work for, or one with which you are familiar, does elder care pose a challenge to managers and employees?• What measures, if any, do you think employers
• Consider how HRM practices aimed at attracting and retaining suitable labour would need to vary according to population density and population composition in different regions of the UK.•
Think about a range of industries and sectors, for example, the care sector, hospitality, construction, retail, engineering and IT. What types of workforce will have low turnover costs and
1. Identify the many and varied stakeholders affected by the collapse of BHS and the key interests of these different groups.2. What tensions might be created by different stakeholder interests and
Identify some recent events that are likely to play a significant part in the context of HRM.
In what ways does the conceptualisation of context adopted by this chapter differ from more commonly used approaches (e.g. in the models of HRM in Chapter 1)? Does it add to the understanding they
What assumptions and ‘world hypotheses’ appear to underpin the tapestry metaphor of this chapter, and what are the implications for your use of it?
What similarities do you see between systems thinking and these developments in science?
• How would you represent an organisation in a changing world in terms of the open systems model?• Working individually or in groups, identify its inputs (where they come from, and how they could
Go back to the models of HRM presented earlier (see Chapter 1) and, working either individually or in a group, start to elaborate upon the various wider contextual elements that they include. Look,
Revisit Case Study 3.1. How does the language used to describe the gig economy influence our understanding of it?
Some of you will have worked in a call centre. Working on your own or in a group, examine your experiences of working there.• Could you identify one or more of these managerial strategies in your
Reflect upon this way of understanding context.• How different is it from the way in which you would have defined the context of HRM based, for example, on the various models presented in Chapter
1. Using Whittington’s model, identify the dominant strategic approach within low fares airlines. 2. What are the common external pressures facing both low fares airlines and legacy
To what extent has increasing financialisation challenged best-practice SHRM?
To what extent is it possible to measure the relationship between SHRM and organisational performance?
To what extent can organisations apply both ‘outside-in’ and ‘inside-out’ approaches to SHRM?
Compare and contrast life cycle, competitive advantage and configurational models of SHRM.
In what ways is your understanding of SHRM enhanced by models of the four distinct approaches to strategy-making?
Examine the Profession Map at http://www.cipd.co.uk/cipd-hr-profession/hr-professionmap/.To what extent do you agree that these behaviours are important for effective HR professionals?To what extent
Why do you think so few HR professionals want to be employee champions?
What key HR challenges have been raised in your organisation as a result of the UK’s decision to leave the EU?
What factors might influence the take-up of practices associated with high-commitment HRM?
If there is a link between HRM and organisational performance, why is there not a more extensive use of HRM practices?
Reflect on Wright and Snell’s fit/flexibility model (see Figure 2.5). How might an HR professional facilitate flexibility?
In what way does Whittington’s (1993, 2001) typology of strategy impact on your understanding of ‘vertical integration’? You may find it useful to use Table 2.1 to guide your thinking.
What challenges does the systemic view of strategy pose for multinational organisations?
Why might an intended strategy not be realised in practice? Why do strategies sometimes emerge?
1. What key challenges are likely to be created by the coexistence of these three scenarios?2. What are the implications of these different scenarios for the HR function?3. What types of HRM
What long-term impact might the focus on short-term financial returns have on HR’s ability to demonstrate how it adds value to sustainable organisational performance?
To what extent can demonstration of the competencies identified by Ulrich et al. (2012) and CIPD’s Profession Map help to raise the perceived added value of HR?
Studies of HRM and performance differ on a number of grounds, including the HR practices considered, methods of data collection and the respondents asked to provide information. How does this lack of
The ‘matching model’ (Devanna et al., 1984) and the ‘map of the HR territory’ (Beer et al., 1984) were conceived 30 years ago. To what extent are they still relevant to the study of HRM in
• What does the term HRM mean to you?• To what extent is it possible to have policies and practices that meet the needs and objectives of organisations and individuals?
Johnson, a white male, was passed over for a promotion to the position of road dispatcher. All candidates that were deemed qualified were given scored interviews. Johnson was tied for second highest
A railroad made a conditional offer of employment to a candidate for a conductor trainee position but subsequently rescinded that offer on the grounds that the man was not qualified for his
Following a heart attack, a car salesperson’s doctors recommended that he find a less stressful job that would allow him to work fewer hours and no weekends. The salesperson discussed his situation
A young woman was hired to work at a McDonald’s restaurant. She was fifteen years old but had indicated on her application that she was sixteen. She often worked with a 21-year-old male who was a
How should employers deal with religious advocacy or proselytizing by employees?
A man diagnosed with schizophrenia worked for New York City as a case manager. He took medication that made him drowsy and sluggish in the morning. Even though the agency he worked for had a
Employers generally seek to minimize costs related to overtime work. What are some options for accomplishing this goal in a lawful manner?
What can an employer do to avoid the situation of making and then withdrawing an offer of employment?
Hamilton, an African American male, was denied promotion 3 times, and on the third denial, sued, alleging race and sex discrimination, and retaliation. A white female was hired for the position,
A hospital had the following policy: “All pregnant personnel must immediately report pregnancy status to the director. … The pregnant personnel shall not partake in any fluoroscopy or portable
Exxon had a policy of requiring its corporate pilots to retire at age 60. The company employers numerous pilots who fly jet planes to and from various locations worldwide. However, although many of
An anesthesiologist addicted to pain killers worked for an anesthesiology practice that treated patients at a hospital. After several incidents, the doctor was terminated for reporting to work
Ketchikan Drywall Services (KDS) has four full time employees, and about 20 part-time employees, and hires additional employees as needed on a project-by-project basis. KDS requires applicants to
The organizers of an annual country music festival hired numerous temporary employees as “camping staff” to help with the festival by admitting people into the campground, exchanging tickets for
A female bartender had worked at Harrah’s Casino for 20 years. During that time, her job performance had consistently been rated as excellent. A “Beverage Department Image Transformation”
Should weight ever be considered in making employment decisions? If so, when?
Under financial duress, a school district was forced to lay off teachers. The Business Department of the high school had two female teachers equal in seniority and performance. One of the teachers
What should an employer who has decided to implement an affirmative action program do to maximize support for the program and minimize resentment or “backlash”?
a) During its spring 2012 term, the U.S. Supreme Court is expected to decide a constitutional challenge to the University of Texas’ affirmative action program (Fisher v. University of Texas at
The mayor of Newark, New Jersey decided that the city would eliminate all single-race fire companies in the fire department. To do this, dozens of firefighters were involuntarily transferred to other
In 1974, the city of Shreveport, Louisiana, hired its first African American firefighters. The three hires were in response to a lawsuit against the city and followed over 100 years in which the
To analyze their work forces and determine if affirmative action is needed, employers must document the protected class characteristics of their employees. How can this be accomplished in an
Beginning in 1977, the city of Cleveland entered into a consent decree to recruit more minority firefighters. It admittedly had discriminated in hiring minority candidates in the past, and its
It is often recommended that managers be evaluated and rewarded in significant part on the basis of their commitment to diversity. Is this a good idea? Can commitment to diversity be measured apart
Dr. Melissa Gerald, a scientist who worked at the University of Puerto Rico in its Caribbean Primate Research Center, encountered difficulty with her supervisor, Dr. Edmundo Kraiselburd. After
A 16-year-old worked in a concession stand at a theme park. The owner of the park, a 48-year-old man who was a long-time friend of her parents, came to the concession stand and began talking to her
The EEOC brought suit on behalf of two servers who alleged sexual harassment under Title VII, resulting in a hostile work environment. The trial court found in their favor, and the employer appealed,
Try drafting a harassment policy for an employer. How does your policy compare to the policy of the employer that you work for or school that you attend?
The plaintiff was a male who held the position of Local Sales Manager for a TV station. He was supervised by General Sales Manager Patty Dean and the two were under the supervision of General Manager
A woman who worked in the deli department at a Wal-Mart was assaulted in a walk-in cooler by a male coworker. The coworker lured her into the cooler, pulled her against him, kissed her, slipped his
Should employers attempt to prevent harassment by restricting romantic relationships between employees? If so, what should such a policy entail?
A female mechanic worked at a truck assembly plant. Women made up less than 10 percent of the workforce at the plant. On one occasion, the woman found a tampon hanging from the key ring of a truck to
A female doctor, just out of medical school, went to work at a family medical clinic. Her supervisor, a doctor, was also the sole owner of the clinic. A few weeks after she had started work, her
A female nursing home employee was subjected to repeated conduct by her supervisor that included calling sex chat lines and talking to them over her shoulder while she worked; calling her a “stupid
The plaintiff Horgan had been diagnosed as HIV positive ten years previously, but chose to keep his status confidential. His job performance remained good and he was promoted to the position of
A photography studio hired a profoundly deaf employee as a “performer.” She communicates with hearing individuals by writing notes, gesturing, pointing, and miming. She can also type, text
The plaintiff in this case is a deaf person who does office work for UPS. His primary language is American Sign Language (ASL). He reads and writes in English at a fourth or fifth grade level. He was
A schoolteacher was successful at teaching kindergarten for five years. She requested to teach first grade and was then reassigned to a classroom that had no exterior windows. She told the school
What reasonable accommodations would be most appropriate for persons with psychiatric disabilities?
The employer instituted a dress code that included a “no facial jewelry” requirement. An employee who wore facial jewelry informed the employer that she was a member of the Church of Body
A cashier at a Costco store wore facial jewelry. The company subsequently revised its dress code to prohibit all facial jewelry except earrings. Despite the change of policy, the woman continued to
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