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intercultural communication
Intercultural Communication In Contexts 7th Edition Judith Martin, Thomas Nakayama - Solutions
Make efficient use of your practice time?
Enhance your words with effective presentation aids
Connect with your audience
Employ effective vocal cues Employ effective visual cues
Choose a delivery style best suited to you and your speaking situation
Identify and control your anxieties
Presentation Aids Practicing Your Speech?
Effective Delivery Effective
Methods of Delivery Guidelines for
Understanding and Addressing Anxiety
5. Pick a general topic, and try to come up with several different attention getters for that topic. Here’s an example for the topic “dogs”:c “Did you know that the human mouth contains more germs than a dog’s mouth?”c “In my hometown, there is a dog that walks upright like a human
4. Establishing a relationship with the audience is important when giving a speech.Make a list of all of the possible members of your audience. How do you plan to connect with all members of the audience? Pretend you are giving a speech at your old high school. Will your introduction affect the
3. When creating the outline for your speech, write each main point on a separate index card. Spread the cards out on a table, and then pick them up in the most logical order. Does this order match the order of your outline? How did you choose to arrange the topics—spatially, chronologically, or
2. Read a famous or familiar speech (such as Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech), and create an outline for it. Can you follow a clear sequence of points? Do the subpoints support the speaker’s main points?
Have I verified the style of my outline with my instructor (for example, a sentence outline for a preparation outline, or a phrase outline for a speaking outline)?•1. Take a look at the outline of this chapter in the Contents (pp. xxx–xxxi). Do you see a clear hierarchy of points and subpoints?
Does my speaking outline provide important delivery cues that will help me when I present?
Does my outline offer a complete list of references for all of the research I cite in my speech?
Have I worked oral citations into my outline to avoid unintentional plagiarism?
Have I incorporated my research into my outline effectively?
Do I call out the parts of my speech, including the introduction, transitions, and conclusion?
Are my points each supported by at least two subpoints?
Is there a clear hierarchy of points in my outline?
3 Are there some subjects or types of speeches that lend themselves to PowerPoint presentations? Are there others that don’t?
2 We’ve spent much of this chapter talking about the importance of outlining and of communicating your final outline clearly to your audience. How is that different from presenting your outline in slide form?
A The use of bulleted lists predates Microsoft PowerPoint—instructors and presenters have made use of overhead projectors and slide shows for decades. Why is Tufte being so hard on Microsoft?
What kind of impression would you want to leave your audience with? What is the one thing you’d like people to remember about you and your speech?
Take a look at your research.Of all the evidence you have gathered for your speech, what jumps out at you? Did you come across any statistics that shocked you? Did you encounter any individuals whose stories touched you—with humor, sadness, or surprise? Think about how any of the statistics,
Have you ever tried to sit through a speech when the speaker failed to use language the audience easily understood? Do you remember anything important from this speech—or even its main point? How did you feel during the speech?
Clearly transitions help to clarify messages and keep them flowing in oral and written forms of communication. But do transitions function similarly in mediated communication contexts?For example, how might you transition between points and ideas via text message or instant message?
C Do you think that shows like CSI have an ethical responsibility to depict forensic science more realistically? Or is it the audience’s responsibility to separate entertainment from reality?
B If you were on a jury in a criminal trial, what would your expectations for evidence be? Would you be willing to convict someone based on a fiber sample, even if the expert witness described it as “similar”rather than “a match”?
A Do you watch shows like CSI, Bones, and Cold Case? How realistic do you think they are? Does popular culture have an impact on how individuals perceive evidence? Would it affect you if you were on a jury?
3 Might there be some middle ground? Could you adjust the topic to focus on verifiable facts? For example, you could investigate whether banning dogs would lower the insurance premiums paid by the association as well as premiums on individual homeowners’insurance policies. Would this be ethical?
B Think about some of the potential ethical dangers of crossing the line between an informative and a persuasive speech in this case. Where might you be tempted to persuade your audience?How can you keep your speech strictly informative?
A Consider what you’ve learned from your research.Is it more important to be honest and truthful with your audience, to honor the wishes of the condo association board who asked you to speak, or to prevent your neighbor from possibly losing his pet?
Conclude with the same strength as in the introduction Prepare an effective outline?
Choose appropriate and powerful language Develop a strong introduction, a crucial part of all speeches
Move smoothly from point to point
Choose an appropriate organizational pattern for your speech
Organize and support your main points
Outlining Your Speech?
Writing a Strong Conclusion
Writing a Strong Introduction
Using Language That Works
Organizing Your Speech Points
4. The next time you read something—a magazine article, a political blog, a work of nonfiction, a chapter in a textbook—take time to think about the research presented in it. What kinds of research did the authors do? How do they back up their statements? What kinds of research materials do
3. Take a look at your school’s policy on plagiarism. Does your school clearly define what acts constitute plagiarism? How harsh are the punishments? Who is responsible for reporting plagiarism? How is the policy enforced?
2. Tune in to a few news pundits—for example, Bill O’Reilly, Rachel Maddow, Randi Rhodes, or Rush Limbaugh—on the radio or on television. Listen carefully to what they say, and consider how they back up their statements. Do they provide source material as they speak? Can you link to their
1. Think back to a memorable speech you’ve witnessed, either in person or through the media. What kind of speech was it? Was the speaker trying to inform, persuade, or celebrate? Was he or she successful in that endeavor? Did the speech change the way you felt?
Consider your own personal opinions about ethical speaking. Would you add anything to the four principles noted here? If so, what characteristics would you cite?
3 Imagine that as the instructor or publisher, it is your responsibility to respond to an instance of plagiarism. How would you handle the situation?
2 Was Viswanathan’s apology statement appropriate? What kinds of steps could Tivya take to address her mistake?Should she tell her instructor? Should you?
A How is Tivya’s mistake plagiarism? How about Kaavya Viswanathan’s?How are these cases similar, and how are they different? In either case, does it matter if the plagiarism is intentional or unintentional?
How do you feel about the fact that even unintentionally using someone else’s words, ideas, or intellectual property is still plagiarism?Does it seem unfair that you might suffer severe consequences (such as being expelled) even if you do something without intent?Why or why not?
6. Are my sources reliable?
5. Are my sources compelling?
4. Are my sources relevant?
3. Are my sources accurate?
2. Are my sources up to date?
1. Are my sources credible?
What type of supporting information do you find most compelling in speeches?Expert testimony? Statistics? Anecdotes? Why? Do you find that your preference depends on the topic of the speech? Why or why not?
3. Is it a topic that your audience will find worthwhile?
2. Does the topic meet the criteria specified in the assignment?
1. Is it a topic you are interested in and know something about?
3 If you were giving a speech to an audience armed with clickers, what kinds of questions would you ask? How might the audience’s responses change the nature or style of your speech? Could you make those changes on the fly?
2 How does the clicker change the nature of the lecture? Does it change the relationship between speaker and audience? Or does it simply change the interaction between them?
A What other advantages does the clicker give the speaker? What kinds of new challenges might it pose?
Have you ever found yourself feeling disconnected from a speaker, be it a course instructor or a politician, because he or she failed to consider your age, gender, sexual orientation, or ethnic background?Conversely, have you ever found a speaker very effective because he or she did consider such
Have you ever attended a speaking event where the speaker did not behave appropriately for the occasion? How did it make you feel as a listener?
4 Is a shooting victim or the family of that victim more credible on the issue of gun control than someone whose life has not been touched by gun violence?
3 How does celebrity culture relate to public speaking? Is a movie star more capable of drawing support for a cause than an ordinary citizen?
2 How does adversity inspire public speaking and, indeed, public life?In American culture, what defines a public figure?
A In what ways were the public lives of McCarthy and Fox similar? How were they different?
Give proper credit to sources and take responsibility for your speech?
Cull from among your sources the material that will be most convincing
Choose an appropriate topic and develop it Support and enliven your speech with effective research
Describe the power of public speaking and how preparation eases natural nervousness Identify the purpose of your speech Conduct audience analysis
Ethical Speaking:Taking Responsibility for Your Speech?
Choosing Your Topic Researching the Topic
General Purpose of Your Speech Analyzing Your Audience
The Power of Public Speaking Clarifying the
• 1. What methods were used in this case to identify the causes of high turnover and low productivity? What other methods could have been used to obtain better data?
10. Describe the relationship between communication and power.
9. Describe the characteristics of power.
8. Explain the relationship between communication and context.
7. Explain how culture can function as resistance to dominant value systems.
6. Describe how communication can reinforce cultural beliefs and behavior.
5. Understand how cultural values influence conflict behavior.
4. Describe how cultural values influence communication.
3. Identify and describe nine cultural value orientations.
2. Define communication.
1. Identify three approaches to culture.
3. Analyzing a Film. View a feature film or a video (e.g., Chir-raq or Brooklyn)and assume the position of a researcher. Analyze the cultural meanings in the film from each of the three perspectives: social science, interpretive, and critical.What cultural patterns (related to nationality,
2. Analyzing Cultural Patterns. Find a text or speech that discusses some intercultural or cultural issues, and analyze the cultural patterns present in the text.Consider, for example, the “I Have a Dream” speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. (Andrews & Zarefsky, 1992), or Chief Seattle’s 1854
f. What was your neighborhood like?Discuss your answers with classmates. Analyze how your own cultural position is unique and how it is similar to that of others.
e. What do you know about your ethnic background?
d. How were you expected to contribute to family life?
c. What were you expected to do when you grew up?
b. Why were these values considered important?
a. What values did your parents or guardians attempt to instill in you?
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