Experiencing Intercultural Communication An Introduction 6th Edition Judith Martin, Thomas Nakayama - Solutions

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2. Communication about health care: Talk to a health care professional about his or her experiences with cultural differences in communication. What were the main problems in the communication process? What suggestions might you make to avoid these problems in the future?
1. The media and health care: Watch the news media for coverage of health issues as they relate to the most affected cultural groups. For example, is AIDS still framed as a “gay disease”? Is the Ebola virus portrayed as an African illness?In what ways does the conflation of the cultural group
4. Think about how health care professionals might encourage more open communication from patients so that they can receive better health care.
3. Think about how health care professionals communicate with you. If you have a serious illness that may require much interaction with a physician, for example, is this someone whom you can trust?
2. Think about how you communicate to others in health care situations. As a patient, do you realize the importance of your communication to the physician or nurse in the diagnosis and treatments you receive? How might you better communicate your health situation to health care professionals? What
1. Reflect on the history of your own family and traditional health care. Do you have many family members who are health care professionals? Did you grow up going to the doctor frequently? How much trust do you have in physicians?
In 2015, Martin Shkreli, CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals, raised the price of Daraprim(a drug used for toxoplasmosis which can be fatal to HIV patients)from $13.50 per pill to$750. Outrage over the price increase led to a Congressional Hearing in which Shkreli refused to answer questions. In the
Healthcare in the United States has been a topic of filmmakers.For example, in Sicko, filmmaker Michael Moore took a critical view of the U.S.health care system and compared it with health care in other countries such as Canada, France, and the United Kingdom.More recently, the documentary, Escape
There are a number of television shows that feature medical settings, including Private Practice, Royal Pains, and Chicago Med. Medical settings have long been favorite settings for television shows, such as General Hospital, Dr. Welby, MD, and M*A*S*H. What is our cultural fascination with this
Much of the communication about the Zika virus has focused on the need for pregnant women (or women who might become pregnant) to avoid getting the virus by not traveling to certain areas, using mosquito sprays and other strategies. One part of the strategy has been to avoid getting pregnant. As
Currently, obesity is measured according to Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing weight by height in inches squared. What is your BMI? Is this a fair measure or are there other factors that should be considered?Using BMI statistics, the National Center for Health Statistics
Should hospitals provide interpreters for their patients who do not speak English?If so, for all languages or only a few? If you were vacationing in, say, Italy and had to go to the hospital, would you expect someone at the hospital to speak English? What about Mongolia, which gets very few
Did you know that December 1 is World AIDS Day? Do you know what the international symbol of AIDS awareness is? Do you know what you can do to support World AIDS Day? To learn more, explore the website at www.avert.org/worldaid.htm.
The National Minority AIDS Council (NMAC)is a national organization“dedicated to developing leadership within communities of color to address the challenges of HIV/AIDS” (see also www.nmac.org/home/).Based on your study of intercultural communication, what kinds of issues do you think this
The Dr. Oz Show is a very popular show on health issues that features Dr. Mehmet Oz. Dr. Oz discusses a wide range of health issues on his show and tries to clarify medical issues for the public. He also discusses complementary health care remedies. It is among the highest rated TV talk shows. In
Did you know that you can major in health communication? Health communication covers a variety of issues such as patient–physician communication, health communication in organizations, social support, and health promotion. In a culturally diverse setting, how should we approach these issues?
4. Explain how power differences can influence health communication.
3. Explain how religious or spiritual beliefs may be important in effective health care delivery.Describe some of the ways that health care professionals can deal with religious and spiritual beliefs.Discuss the ethical implications of some of the ways that health care professionals deal with
2. Explain some of the intercultural barriers to effective health care.Explain the ways that some cultural groups have been or continue to be treated in the health care system. Describe how prejudicial attitudes can influence health care delivery.
1. Understand the importance of communication in health care delivery. Describe some of the ways that communication can be overlooked and how this might impact the delivery of medical services.
2. Be aware of the cultural nature of the expectations you have for educational roles. If you sense that someone is not acting as a “student” should or as an“instructor” should, how much of this feeling is due to cultural differences?
1. Be more sensitive to the ways that your educational curriculum reinforces or challenges your culture and cultural identity. Think about how it might not function in the same way for other students. How is the education you receive targeted toward the majority of students at your college? How is
2. Culture and the curriculum: Find an old college catalog from your school or another one. Look for courses that were taught then but that are less important or nonexistent today. Were there courses in home economics? Whom were these for? What assumptions did such courses make about socialization?
1. Maps and worldviews: Look at a map of the world. Unless you are looking at a“Peters Projection” map, you will notice that the equator is not in the middle of the map, even if it does run around the middle of the world. Why is the equator not in the middle of the map, and what kinds of
“OSU Haters” is a website that has been set up to post racist(and other forms of intolerance) tweets from Ohio State University students.The purpose of the website is to work toward erasing racism and other forms of intolerance from Ohio State. Take a look at the website and read some of the
Texas is a large buyer of school textbooks and, therefore, what Texas wants in its textbooks has an enormous impact on the textbook market beyond Texas. It also affects the education of millions of students in Texas. In 2010, the Texas Board of Education approved new guidelines that highlight
What are the major issues that international students face in a different educational system?Many U.S. American students want to go to England or Ireland where they may not encounter language barriers. Do you think language is the biggest barrier to studying abroad? What are the benefits of living
Did you know that U.S. university professors and teaching associates who are women or people of color (or both) consistently get lower marks in their teaching evaluations than their White male counterparts? Think about your classes and instructors. How do you evaluate their performance at the end
As you can see from Table 12.2, women make up about two-thirds of the U.S. students who study abroad. Why do you think there is such a disparity between women and men?Given the increasingly global environment we live in and work in, wouldn’t males benefit from international experiences as much as
The U.S. Department of State has a webpage set up to give information about studying in the United States for non-U.S.Americans and U.S.Americans: http://www.educationusa.state.gov/. Check out this webpage and see what kinds of information are provided. What more should be added?How helpful is this
7. Be able to describe some social issues that arise in education.
6. Understand how cultural identities are formed in the educational process.
5. Describe the complexities of affirmative action and reverse discrimination.
4. Explain how power differences can influence communication in educational contexts.
3. Explain how different cultural role expectations can influence classroom communication. Note that different cultures may use different grading systems.
2. Understand the ways that different cultural groups were educated and the purposes of those different experiences. Be able to identify the educational goals of different types of minority-serving institutions and women’s institutions.
1. Understand the role of culture in setting educational goals. Note how colonization influences educational goals and curricula.Explain how colonization might influence study-abroad programs.
3. State websites: Look at a state website (such as www.yesvirginia.org). Analyze the site for cultural benefits for locating in Virginia. To which cultural groups are the appeals pitched? Is any attention given to attracting a diverse workforce?
2. Business media: View/read online business news sites such as Wall Street Journal (wsj.com) or Forbes (forbes.com). How much focus is there on diversity issues in American businesses? How much of the coverage is on the dominant culture values and communication style? How many stories are there
1. Newsworthy businesses: Watch the news for international coverage of business events. What kinds of businesses are newsworthy? What kinds of business events are considered important? Which countries’ economies are considered most interesting? Are we more interested in learning about business
5. Be an advocate for people who are not being treated fairly in your workplace.Are the legal standards (EEO and ADA laws) being met?
4. Be flexible; try to see other people’s point of view. Practice being patient.Sometimes a diverse workplace requires more empathy and understanding than a monocultural setting, and this takes time to achieve.
3. If you are dealing with a multilingual workforce, remember to practice good language skills: Speak slowly, use everyday language, and avoid jargon and humor. Also try paraphrasing. Apply these same strategies when communicating virtually—sending e-mails, text messaging, videoconferencing, etc.
2. Try to identify the different cultural values in your workplace. What are the dominant values that are expressed in your workplace? Are these similar to those values you were raised with? Or are they in conflict with your own values? Or in conflict with values of other employees? Are there
1. Try to identify the ways in which your workplace is diverse. Are there differences in race, ethnicity, gender, age, and physical ability? Are there different values and communication styles (in face-to-face and virtual contexts) that accompany this diversity?
A difficult challenge in intercultural business contexts is that what is considered ethical and/or legal in one country may not be so in another:••For example, according to crosscultural experts, it is common in many countries (e.g., in Eastern Europe) to specify gender, age, and appearance in
Hollywood has always functioned as a transnational institution, reflecting and promoting America’s international relationships with other countries. Many Hollywood films have focused on European settings—for example, The Bourne Ultimatum(2007),Taken (2009), Bridge of Spies(2015)—reflecting
Attitudes about the workplace vary from culture to culture and can vary even from city to city or business to business. Comedy and business, it turns out, go together quite well—and in many media. For example, consider American TV shows like The Office, a mockumentary depicting a group of typical
The movie WALL-E takes place approximately 700 years in the future.It is about a cleaning robot whose purpose is to clean the earth, after the humans have left to live in space, because the earth has become “over-run with garbage and devoid of plant and animal life, the legacy of years of
Have you ever thought of owning your own business? This can be difficult for some. In particular, many women face challenges in getting key investors to take their ideas seriously.Woman Owned is an online resource and community that assists women in working through all of the steps of starting and
Have you ever been told to respect and value independent behavior? Most Americans accept—in fact, celebrate—nonconformity. But, in Japan, there is a saying, “The nail that sticks up will be hammered down.” In other words, people in Japan like conformity and try to restrain or avoid people
Which tech companies do you think have the most diverse work forces? Recent reports from these companies confirmed what many suspected:White and Asian American men dominate. Everyone else—women, Blacks, and Hispanics are notably absent.Fortune.com compiled the stats and also calculated an overall
Which U.S. companies do you think would be rated the most ethical and socially responsible? Each year Ethicsphere, a New York City think tank, publishes a list of World’s Most Ethical Companies. Included in the 2016 list are Allstate, Cisco, Intel, Kellogg, LinkedIn, Microsoft, and Xerox.However,
9. Describe the impact of social and political events on business encounters.
8. Describe the role and goals of cross-cultural and diversity training in business contexts.
7. Understand how diversity, prejudice, and discrimination play out in various domestic and global business contexts.
6. Give an example of how rules for business etiquette vary from culture to culture.
5. Discuss the role of language and communication style (in both virtual and face-to-face encounters)in intercultural business.
4. Discuss how work-related values influence intercultural business encounters.
3. Identify the primary work-related values.
2. Identify and describe the role of power in intercultural business contexts.
1. Describe how demographic changes influence intercultural communication in business contexts.
2. Online newspaper travel sections: Go to the travel section in an online newspaper.Read some of the travel advice or articles about other places. What kind of cultural information is presented? Who is the intended audience of the articles?How are the host communities portrayed? As welcoming
1. Tourist websites: Go to various tourist websites (e.g., http://www.govisithawaii.com/ or www.visitmississippi.org or www.state.nj.us/travel). Analyze these sites for cultural aspects of their marketing strategies. For example, which cultural groups are they targeting? How many and which
6. Be reflective. If you take the time to learn about the cultural practices of the host community, you will also likely learn much about yourself and your culture.With this greater awareness of different and similar approaches to time, family, work, play, and interpersonal relationships, you are
5. Practice staying flexible and tolerating ambiguity. In traveling, the cardinal rule is to be flexible. You often don’t know exactly how things are going to turn out.Your communication in encounters with local people and service providers will always be more effective and enjoyable if you
4. Observe. Perhaps this is the primary skill to practice, especially for many Americans who are used to acting or speaking first when presented with ambiguous or unfamiliar situations. There’s a piece of advice for travelers to Africa that could apply anywhere: “Keep quiet. Listen and observe
3. Learn something about the local customs that may affect your communication.What are the local religious holidays? For example, Ramadhan, celebrated in many Muslim countries, falls on different days each year and is a time of fasting by day and feasting at night. In many Muslim countries, it is
2. Learn a few words of the language—again, even if you visit for only a short time. Locals tend to respect the traveler who tries to communicate something in the local language. At least learn how to say “Please” and “Thank you.”
1. Gather knowledge about the culture that you would like to visit, even if you would be there for only a short time. Having some information about the places you are visiting communicates respect for the local culture and customs.
Proponents of socially responsible tourism give the following suggestions for travelers who care about people and the planet:••Be an informed consumer. Ask questions.Is the hotel locally owned? If so, your tourism dollars can benefit the local economy. If it’s foreign-owned, ask if they give
A "slum tour" is based on the 2008 film Slumdog Millionaire which tells the story of an orphan growing up in one of the world’s poorest and most densely populated neighborhoods and eventually succeeds on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. These organized tours—popular with foreign visitors—visit
Travelers visiting famous churches in Italy, like the Sistine Chapel in Rome or the Duomo in Florence, are required to dress in a certain way.Women must put on a dress, and men must wear pants. Guidebooks suggest that women carry around a lightweight dress in a backpack that they can quickly slip
Don’t speak the language of the foreign country(ies) you’re visiting? Want to be able to take photos of signage and get immediate translation? Try a mobile phone translator app.Consider:••Cost: Some are free, but then you see ads.••Compatibility with your mobile device:Some are for
James Clifford, in the essay “Traveling Cultures” (in Cultural Studies, Routledge, 1992), argues that when we travel we are involved in many more relationships than we might think—with maids, bellhops, guides, and so on. If you have traveled to other countries for vacations, what different
According to the U.S.Passport Service Guide, there were more than 15 million U.S.passports issued in 2015 (http://www.us-passport-service-guide.com/passport-statistics.html).However, Americans are often criticized for having little knowledge of other countries and limited travel experiences.
There are many different types of tourist experiences that offer opportunities for intercultural encounters. Some of the most common are listed here. Which of these have you experienced or would you like to experience?••Adventure tourism involves travel to remote or exotic destinations for the
10. Understand the various environmental and political impacts on tourism.
9. Describe the role of social media in intercultural tourism.
8. Describe ways in which tourists can learn about the cultures they visit.
7. Describe the tourist challenges of the search for authenticity.
6. Understand the role culture shock might play in a tourism experience.
5. Identify cross-cultural differences in social norms and expectations encountered by tourists.
4. Describe the language challenges that tourists might face.
3. Describe variations in host attitudes toward tourists.
2. Understand how social and political contexts influence tourism encounters.
1. Identify and describe characteristics of tourist–host encounters.
1. Intercultural relationships: Think about all your friends, and make a list of those to whom you feel close. Identify any friends on the list who are from other cultures. Then answer the following questions, and discuss your answers with other class members.a. Do people generally have more
3. Look to role models for how to be an effective agent of change. Perhaps you can find these role models in the lives of those around you or in literature or those who have gone before us. Be aware that it’s easy to get overwhelmed and feel a sense of despair or powerlessness in working to
2. Recognize the value of building coalitions. Coalitions can develop from the multiple identities of gender, sexual orientation, race, physical ability, region, religion, age, social class, and so on. Become involved in whatever way you can in your immediate spheres—of friendships and
1. Be aware of the complexities of communicating across cultures and of power issues. The goal is to find a way in which we can work toward unity based on“conscious coalition, of affinity, of political kinship,” in which we all win.79 Intercultural friends recognize and try to understand how
Nowadays, with the development of Internet and online chatting tools, people can form intercultural friendships or romantic relationships via the Internet. Some people argue that it is impossible to establish a meaningful relationship with somebody you only meet online, whereas others believe that
How would (or did) your family respond to your being in an intercultural romantic relationship?If you are the product of an intercultural relationship, do you think that would make your family more or less accepting?
A 2013 Cheerios ad featuring a Black father, White mother, and biracial child created a storm on social media by people who were upset with the interracial family.In 2016, an Old Navy ad featuring a White father, Black mother, and their child also created a similar wave of racist anger
The divorce rate in Russia is the highest in the world, while the United States is the sixth highest. Some countries have very low divorce rates, such as Australia and Japan. India has the lowest divorce rate in the world. How might cultural differences explain these different divorce rates?
The Friendship Force International website(www.friendshipforce.org/) says, “Friendship Force International is a non-profit organization dedicated to the principle that each person can make a contribution to global goodwill. Home hospitality—the heart of a Friendship Force exchange—provides
In April 2011, the United Nations officially recognised July 30 as International Friendship Day to promote peace and build bridges between communities, cultures, and peoples.Does your community, city, or nation celebrate or mark this day in any way? How might international friendships be promoted?
Did you know that in 1966 National Broadcasting Company(NBC) shocked audiences when Star Trek episode 67,“Plato’s Stepchildren,”aired. In this episode, Captain Kirk, a White man, and Lieutenant Uhura, a Black woman, kissed each other, creating what now is considered the first interracial kiss
6. Understand how society influences intercultural relationships.
5. Describe how computer-mediated communication (CMC) can both facilitate and hinder intercultural relationships.

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