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intercultural communication
Real Communication An Introduction 2nd Edition Dan O'Hair, Mary Wiemann - Solutions
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
The Nature of Nonverbal Communication
3. Examine the language you use in computer-mediated-communication. Are there subtle ways in which you and your communication partners negotiate influence and create connectedness? Are any language choices related to sex or gender? What differences do you find in the language you use in mediated
2. Describe the similarities and differences you find in the language you use and the language a close friend or family member of the opposite sex uses over the course of a single conversation. What did you notice? Were there any misunderstandings or power struggles in this conversation? How do
1. Take a look at a piece of writing you’ve produced (an essay, your résumé, or an e-mail to a friend). Do you use high or low levels of abstraction? Is your choice of language appropriate for the communication contexts involved? (For example, is your essay written in a way that is mindful of
Think back to where you grew up—whether in the United States or abroad.Are there any terms that you use that would cause confusion to others who speak your native tongue?Have you ever been in a situation where you’ve used a regional term that caused an embarrassing miscommunication?
What are your personal thoughts on sex, gender, and language? Do you think men and women speak different languages, or do you feel that we all speak more similarly than differently? How do your thoughts and opinions match up with the research we’ve cited in this chapter?
How do you label your romantic partner? Do you use different terms around different people in different situations? How do the terms you choose for each other affect your understanding of the status of the relationship?
Consider the various situations you find yourself in over the course of a given day—at home, in the classroom, at a student activity, on the job, and so on. Do you have different speech repertoires for each situation? Does your language change further depending on who is present—your mother,
D What is your opinion on Gribben’s new edition?Are his editorial changes sensitive and helpful, or is he sanitizing history?
C Does avoiding saying(or printing) the word give it more or less power?
B If an instructor chose to use the word in class, how might he or she do so in a way that would be sensitive to students?Can students investigate the word’s meaning and history without using it?
A What meaning does the N-word carry for you?Does it seem appropriate to use it in a scholarly discussion? How do you feel about its being printed(or not printed) in this textbook?
Has anyone ever labeled you in a way that truly irritated or offended you?What terms did they use?Are you aware of any biased language that frequently seeps into conversations among your friends, family, or coworkers? How might you consider addressing such biases?
3 Rather than dressing it up as “marketing experience,” might there be an honest way to use your restaurant experience to your advantage here?
B Will you follow your friend’s suggestion to use vague expressions like“team player”? In what ways might you use more precise terms to describe yourself?
A Is it crucial that an employer know how long it took you to earn your B.A.? Is it unethical to simply note the date you finished it?
5. Your father asks if you’ll be coming home for the holidays this year.A. “I have a life, you know.”B. “I’ll do the best I can.”C. “I can visit for three days, December 27 to 29.”
4. You’re asked to give a speech about your athletic success to a high school sports team.A. “I’m no good at that sort of thing.”B. “What goal do you have in mind?”C. “I can’t commit to speaking this fall.”
3. A member of a group you belong to suggests that everyone contribute $50 for a wedding present for another member.A. “Wow, that’s pretty generous!”B. “What specifically are we going to buy?”C. “I’m willing to contribute $25 for a gift certificate to his favorite restaurant.”
2. You have to evaluate an employee who has been late frequently.A. “We have guidelines around here, you know.”B. “I need you to try harder to be on time.”C. “I want you to be here at 8:55 each morning.”
1. A friend asks what you’d like to do tonight.A. “Oh, whatever you want.”B. “I heard about a party on Garden Street.”C. “I’d like to rent Juno and make Indian food.”
C What kinds of jargon have you been exposed to via television, film, and novels? Do you find some medical jargon familiar having watched many seasons of House or Grey’s Anatomy? Do you feel at ease with legalese from time spent watching Law & Order?
B What kinds of technical words and phrases have become part of your everyday language? Have you ever “Googled” anyone? Would you think it odd if you had to explain the meaning of the verb Google to someone in a conversation?
A Think about the unique language of your job or of the discipline in which you are majoring. Have you picked up any jargon that might seem confusing to someone outside the field?
What kinds of slang or jargon do you regularly use?How did you become familiar with these terms?And how would you go about explaining these terms to someone who is unfamiliar with them?
Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you are entirely sure that you are using a term precisely(“a good restaurant,” “a fun party,” “an affordable car”) only to have someone wholeheartedly disagree?How did you handle this language challenge?
What connotative meanings does each of the following words have for you: religion, divorce, money, exercise, travel, dancing, parenthood?Why do you have the reaction you do to each word?
Describe how language reflects, builds on, and determines context?
Label communication problems with language and discuss how to address them
Identify the ways language works to help people communicate—the five functional communication competencies
Describe the power of language—the system of symbols we use to think about and communicate our experiences and feelings
Language in Context?
The Functions of Language Problems with Language
The Nature of Language
4. Do a little virtual shopping in the toy department of an online retailer, and use the search options to see what kinds of toys the retailer suggests for girls versus boys. What do these suggestions say about culture, gender, and the ways in which children play? Do these nonverbal messages
3. Many popular films in the United States are based on foreign language films from other cultures, such as The Departed (2006, based on the Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs, 2002), The Tourist (2010, based on the French film Anthony Zimmer, 2005), and Let Me In (2010, based on Sweden’s Let the
2. Make a list of all the places you have lived in or traveled to. (Remember, this does not just mean “travel to foreign countries.” Think about trips to other neighborhoods in your city or areas of your state.) Create a bullet-point list to describe the attitudes, customs, and behaviors of
1. On a blank piece of paper, begin listing all the co-cultures to which you belong.How many can you come up with? How do they overlap? If someone asked you to identify yourself by using only one of them, could you do it? Could you rank them in order of importance to you?
Consider a time you felt competent in learning about another culture or co-culture. What was the situation? How did you gain knowledge about the culture? Did this knowledge cause you to change your behavior or thoughts?
3 How might you structure an ethical response to Amanda or an ethical conversation with Greg based on the suggestions for improving intercultural communication provided in this chapter? How might you be mindful, be empathic, or desire to learn?
2 What if Greg’s reasons for having food restrictions encompassed additional co-cultural factors, such as religion? Would this be a more, less, or equally pressing reason for you to accommodate food restrictions in your home?Why or why not?
A Would this situation be different if it took place in a freshman dorm and Greg was a randomly selected roommate? Would it be ethical for Greg to ask you to follow the same restrictions—and would it be unethical for you to refuse?
Most people experience some degree of anxiety in new communication situations. What types of intercultural communication encounters make you anxious? Speaking with members of the opposite sex?Communicating outside of your native language? Why?
What if I say something offensive?” “What if I don’t know how to behave?”
3 The It Gets Better Project is aimed at a very specific co-culture, but the videos posted there come from people of all walks of life. Is it important for gay teens to hear messages of encouragement from outside the co-culture? Do the messages posted on the It Gets Better Project have value for
2 Think about how technology allows individuals to connect with other people who share narrowly defined interests (graphic novels or vegan cooking)or face similar, but uncommon, challenges (a rare form of cancer or a specific physical disability). How can connecting with others who share these
A Consider how the It Gets Better Project offers young people who are feeling isolated because of their sexuality the opportunity to envision their lives as part of a co-culture. Can the It Gets Better project help them to find peers and role models?
Do you consider yourself more of a masculine or feminine individual? (Note that your choice may not align with your biological sex.) Do others communicate with you in ways that support or criticize this aspect of your communication?
3 Consider the discussion of gender as coculture in this chapter.Why do you think women were so much more likely to underreport the amount of time they spent playing?
2 Do you or would you try online gaming with your romantic partner?Explain how you think your communication is (or might be) altered when you share games online.
A Do you play live games online? Do you consider the gender of the players you compete against when you do? Do you choose to reveal your own gender when you play?
What do you consider to be your group memberships and allegiances?What type of impact, if any, do you think these memberships have on your communication?
To what degree do you identify with individualist or collectivist cultures? How might the answer to this question be complicated if the family you grew up with identifies strongly with one dimension but the larger culture in which you were raised strongly identifies with the other?
If you are from a lowcontext culture, you may wonder how to decode communication from a high-context friend or colleague. The key lies in developing strong listening skills (Chapter 6). By participating in active listening, you can look for opportunities to select and attend to nonverbal messages
How might your response change based on your own level of involvement in the community?
Are people in your community treated differently based on their status as a new or established member in the community?
How long have you lived in your current location?
Reflect on how you learned your general culture. In what ways was it directly imparted to you? What role did communication with parents, caregivers, siblings, and other important people in your life play in this process?
Demonstrate behaviors that contribute to intercultural competence.
Describe the communicative power of group affiliations.Explain key barriers to competent intercultural communication.
Delineate seven ways that cultural variables affect communication.
Define and explain culture and its impact on your communication.
Improving Intercultural Communication?
Intercultural Communication Challenges?
Understanding Group Affiliations?
Communication and Cultural Variations?
Understanding Culture?
4. Watch some television programming or flip through a magazine that is typically geared toward a particular group. Pay close attention to the advertisements you see. Are they geared toward the groups that are expected to be watching the programming? If so, do you see instances in which the
3. Think about a co-culture (age, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, race, religion, and so on) with which you identify. Then make a list of stereotypes that are associated with that group. In what ways do you conform to such stereotypes? In what ways do you not conform? Do you identify with
2. Take a look at the text of a presidential speech online at www.whitehouse.gov.After reading the complete speech, consider how the speech is characterized in various sources (blogs, liberal and conservative news sources, late-night comedy and satires). How do perceptions of the speech change from
1. Describe how you managed an impression of yourself in a face-to-face interaction and a mediated one. Describe your conscious preparations for this impression management, and then describe the outcome. What contributed to your successful or unsuccessful management of self? Were the
Do you believe they present themselves accurately?
Randomly select five of your Facebook friends and visit their profiles. Consider their status updates, their friends’posts about them, the pages they like, and so on. What type of impression does their profile make on you? What words would you use to describe these individuals?
C If Trey is revealed to be black, would that influence the way the image of Huey is received? What if Trey is actually white? Buddhist?Female? A teenager? A senior citizen?
B If Trey’s postings clearly lean toward the political left or right, might readers’ interpretations of his avatar change?
A How might the image of Huey be interpreted by someone who is unfamiliar with The Boondocks?Would a fan of the strip perceive Trey’s online self differently?
Like Julie, you have probably encountered situations in which you chose to engage in either face-to-face communication or mediated communication (text messaging, posting on a Facebook wall, e-mailing).Why did you choose a particular channel? If you chose a mediated channel, did you feel safer from
Think about a communication situation in your own life in which you believe that you achieved self-adequacy.Were you content with the outcome of the situation, or did you still desire more self-improvement? Why?Is it possible to feel both contentment and a desire for self-improvement in your
C Now take Peyton’s perspective. How might your partner’s self-concept have affected the way that the news of the promotion was shared with you?How might your reaction have affected Peyton’s self-esteem?
B How might your selfconcept have affected the way that you perceived Peyton’s message about the promotion? How might the message have affected your self-esteem?
What are your goals and ideals?What are your thoughts and beliefs about work, relationships, and other important matters?
A Consider the different elements that make up both your self-concept and your partner’s. What do you each value?
Think about three characteristics that describe your selfconcept and define who you are. Try to avoid characteristics that are obvious, such as “I am an Asian American female.” How did you come to believe such things about yourself? What type of direct and indirect evidence led you to these
C Are there instances in which making assumptions about another person’s culture is helpful or necessary?
B Who has the responsibility to clarify perceptions?
A How might an American’s perception of the zuo yuezi tradition lead to other perceptions about Chinese women and their home life, their friends, work, gender beliefs, and other matters? How might the reverse be true? How does one assumption often lead to others?
Think back to your first impressions of two different people, one whom you immediately liked and one who made a more negative impression. What role might your schemas have played in these first impressions?Did these individuals remind you of other people you like or dislike? Did they exhibit traits
Describe how our cognitions about ourselves and our behavior affect our communication with others?
Describe cultural differences that influence perception Identify how our self-concept—who we think we are—influences communication
Define the attributions we use to explain behavior
Explain how we use and misuse schemas when communicating with others
Describe how our personal perspective on the world influences our communication
After you have finished reading this chapter, you will be able to
Behavior: Managing Our Identities?
Perception in a Diverse World Cognition: Perceiving Ourselves
Perception: Making Sense of Your World
4. Consider a scene from a favorite film or novel. Imagine how it would change if you had not seen the rest of the film or read the entire novel. Would you come away from it with the same meaning if you did not understand the relational context between the characters or the situational context
3. Describe two communication situations, one in which the communication was appropriate but not effective, and one in which the communication was effective but not very appropriate. Analyze these situations, considering the situational and relational contexts involved.
2. Keep a log of all the different channels (face-to-face, written, computer mediated, telephonic, others) you use to communicate during the course of one morning or afternoon. Do you regularly communicate with a particular person via a specific channel (for example, you talk with your mother
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