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Interpersonal Communication 2nd Edition Kory Floyd - Solutions
4. With which in-groups do you identify the most strongly? When have you noticed your own cultural awareness being challenged? How did you respond?
4. Choose two of your close friends, and make a list of the co-cultures to which each friend belongs. Include co-cultures for age, ethnicity, disability, religion, and activities or interests if they are relevant. Next to each co-culture that you list, write down one statement about how you think
4. What is a culture, and how is it different from a society? How do societies use symbols, language, values, and norms to reflect their cultures? What are some examples of co-cultures? What is the similarity assumption, and how does it influence our ability to communicate with cultural awareness?
4. In what ways do your close relationships improve your life? What are some of the challenges involved in maintaining those relationships?
4. Using the Internet to help you, look up a friend you’ve lost touch with and make contact with that person again. Even if you don’t communicate with long-term friends often, they are worth holding onto because of the history and the good times you have shared with them.
4. What are the features of communication that determine whether it is interpersonal?How and why is interpersonal communication important for health?
4. What are some implicit communication rules that you can recall?Why do you suppose we so often think communication can solve any problem?
4. Talk with a friend or a classmate about a topic that is very important to you. Experiment with talking less and caring less about getting your point across than you usually would. What happens when you talk less than you normally would? How do the transactional features of the conversation
4. What are the primary differences among the action, interaction, and transaction models of communication? What does it mean to say that communication has literal and relational implications? What is the difference between having experience and having expertise?
4. Can you identify ways in which your own communication meets your relational or spiritual needs? Do you communicate for any reasons that are not discussed in this section?
4. Describe in a short paragraph how, in a recent conversation, your communication behavior contributed to your physical, relational, identity, spiritual, and instrumental needs. Which need or needs took precedence? Why?
4. How is communication related to our physical well-being? What relational needs does communication help us fill? In what ways do communication behaviors meet our identity needs? How does communication help us express spirituality? What are some of the instrumental needs served by communication?
4. How do your friends and relatives affirm and reinforce your perceptions of yourself? If you had to create a time capsule to describe yourself to future generations and could include only five things, what things would you choose? Why?
4. Create a version of Figure 3.1 for yourself. Around the figure in the middle, draw six to eight small images that represent your different selves.Then draw three or four new selves that represent not the person you are but the person you would like to become. Next to each of those ideal selves,
4. What does it mean to say that self-concepts are partly subjective?Compare and contrast reflected appraisal and social comparison as influences on the development of a self-concept. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a low self-monitor?
4. When do you feel suspicious of others? With whom would you fi nd it the most diffi cult to be deceptive?
4. Sharpen your deception-detection skills by adopting an attitude of cautiously accepting information, particularly when it comes from highly expressive people. Train yourself to look beyond their expressive behaviors and to question the credibility of what you’re hearing.
4. Is it easier to detect deception from strangers or from friends? Why are expressive people better at lying than unexpressive people? How do cultural differences affect our ability to detect deception? What is the motivation impairment effect? How does suspicion affect our ability to detect
4. With which people in your life do you have the strongest truth bias? Is there anyone you would believe no matter what? Explain.
3. Why do you think most people do so poorly at detecting deception?
2. How do you feel when you lie to someone? In which situations are you the most likely to feel nervous? In which are you the most likely to feel guilty?
1. Being polite often involves being deceptive. Is deception justifi ed if it is done to spare someone’s feelings? What if it is done to spare someone’s life? Explain.
10. Lies are more likely to succeed in ________________ contexts, especially when one is communicating with a stranger.
9. Compared to between cultures, people are much ________________accurate at detecting deception within cultures when they have limited cues.
8. The ________________occurs because we tend to believe what others tell us.
7. On average, people can detect lies________________ percent of the time.
6. Lies that have severe penalties for getting caught are known as ________________.
5. Research indicates that when people discover they have been lied to, they are most likely to fi nd outa. through information provided by a third partyb. from the deceiverc. through physical evidenced. none of the above
4. Kyra stayed out late and did not fi nish her report.To avoid being fi red, she told her boss that her computer crashed and she lost the report. This is an example of which of the following reasons that people deceive?a. to amuse herselfb. to help her get to know someonec. to help her avoid
3. The two eye behaviors associated with lying area. lack of eye contact and blinkingb. lack of eye contact and pupil dilationc. blinking and pupil dilationd. none of the above
2. Deceivers are more likely than truth tellers to engage ina. speech errorsb. increased vocal pitchc. use of false smilesd. all of the above
1. Communicating untrue information as though it were true is known asa. an act of dissimulationb. omissionc. exaggerationd. falsifi cation
4. How do you feel when someone stonewalls during a confl ict with you? When do you fi nd collaborating a challenge?
4. Pair up with a classmate and watch an episode of your favorite reality TV show. Whenever confl ict is portrayed in the program, help each other identify examples of any of Gottman’s “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.”
4. How are criticism and contempt different? When might avoidance be a better confl ict management strategy than accommodating?
4. Which of Gottman’s “Four Horsemen” would you fi nd the most distressing if enacted in your own relationships? Why?
3. What are some examples of the positive use of power? The negative use?
2. What have you noticed about the different ways in which men and women engage in confl ict?
1. With whom do you have the most troublesome confl icts? What are your confl icts with these parties about?
10. Because of their status or position, individuals with __________________ power have the right to make requests with which others must comply.
9. In computer-mediated communication, the __________________ effect invites people to say or do things they would not do in person.
8. People raised in __________________ cultures are taught to consider the group’s priorities and maintain group harmony, making them likely to manage confl ict through avoidance.
7. The __________________ pattern of confl ict occurs when one partner makes requests and the other partner pulls away.
6. The __________________ dimension of confl ict relates to the specifi c topics that the confl ict is about.
5. The approach to confl ict that is characterized by a moderate concern for others’ needs isa. competingb. avoidingc. collaboratingd. compromising
4. Seeing yourself as a victim and denying responsibility for your own behavior are characteristics ofa. defensivenessb. stonewallingc. contemptd. complaining
3. The term used to describe the power of attraction—in which people tend to comply with requests made by those they like, admire, or fi nd attractive—isa. reward powerb. coercive powerc. referent powerd. legitimate power
2. An imbalance of power, in which one person in a relationship has more power than the other, is known asa. a symmetrical relationshipb. a complementary relationshipc. an equitable relationshipd. none of the above
1. According to research by Larry Erbert, the three most common sources of marital confl ict, in order, area. fi nances, household chores, personal criticismb. household chores, personal criticism, fi nancesc. personal criticism, fi nances, household choresd. money, sex, in-laws
4. Why do you think positivity is so important for stable, satisfying relationships?
3. How do you differentiate people in your family from people who are not in your family?How important are genetic ties, legal bonds, and role behaviors?
2. When do you notice autonomy–connection, openness–closedness, and predictability–novelty tensions in your relationships? How do those tensions reveal themselves in your communication behaviors?
1. What are some of the ways you invest in your intimate relationships? In what ways do investments in romantic relationships differ from those in familial relationships?
10. A romantic relationship is __________________ when the partners are “going through the motions” of a relationship that is no longer satisfying.
9. __________________ is a feeling of excessive concern with guarding ourselves against the threat of criticism or attacks to our ego.
8. According to __________________ theory, in a romantic relationship, partners jointly own information about their problems.
7. According to Gottman, couples who talk openly about disagreements and stay calm throughout conflict episodes are called __________________ couples.
6. Repetitive behaviors that have special meaning for a family are known as __________________.
5. In Gottman’s research, the type of couple characterized by engaging in frequent conflict episodes that include personal attacks and criticism is referred to asa. validatingb. volatilec. conflict-avoidingd. hostile
4. According to Fitzpatrick, the type of couple most likely to avoid conflict isa. traditionalsb. separatesc. independentsd. interdependents
3. Questions such as “What movies do you like?” are common at this stage of Knapp’s relational modela. initiatingb. intensifyingc. differentiatingd. experimenting
2. Johann and his partner Cris go out to dinner and see a movie every Friday night. This routine is beginning to bore Johann but provides stability that Cris values. The dialectical tension Johann and Cris are experiencing isa. openness–closednessb. autonomy–connectionc. presence–absenced.
1. The idea that our actions influence other people’s lives as much as they influence our own is known asa. independenceb. dependencec. interdependenced. autonomy
4. Have you ever experienced tensions in your workplace friendships?If so, how were they resolved, and with what effects?
4. Suppose the sales fi gures of your co-worker and close friend Kyle have been dismal recently. His manager has warned him that another month of poor sales performance will earn him a demotion. In contrast, you’re having a successful year. One day Kyle realizes that he is not going to make his
4. What do we mean by the terms social dimension and task dimension in work friendships? How are superior–subordinate relationships different from co-worker relationships? Why are health care providers discouraged from treating friends?
4. Give examples of the social and task dimensions of a relationship with a co-worker.
3. What would social exchange theory and equity theory have to say about being overbenefi ted in a friendship?
2. What are some of the biggest costs associated with maintaining your friendships?Which of your friendships have ended because the costs exceeded the rewards?
1. How strong is your own need to belong? In what ways do you see your need for social relationships infl uencing the decisions you make (such as where to live and how to spend your free time)?
10. Relationships between superiors and subordinates can be complicated because they include a _________________ difference that co-worker relationships generally do not.
9. Because friendships are _________________, we choose our friends and they choose us.
8. The behaviors that signal our lack of interest in another person are _________________.
7. We can be attracted to others who are different from ourselves if their differences are perceived as _________________, or benefi cial to ourselves.
6. The theory that says that each of us is born with a desire to seek, form, and maintain social relationships is _________________.
5. Sexual harassment that happens when a supervisor offers an employee rewards in exchange for sexual favors is known asa. quid pro quob. hostile work environmentc. sexual schemingd. unlawful demands
4. Behaviors people use to express their faithfulness and commitment to others constitute the relationship maintenance behavior known asa. positivityb. opennessc. sharing tasksd. assurances
3. According to equity theory, a good relationship is one in whicha. the rewards outweigh the costsb. the costs outweigh the rewardsc. the ratio of costs to rewards is equal for both peopled. none of the above
2. Uncertainty reduction theory posits thata. uncertainty about someone creates mystery and facilitates attraction toward him or herb. we like uncertainty because what we do not know cannot hurt usc. uncertainty is unpleasant, and we seek to reduce it through communicationd. none of the above
1. Attraction to someone’s personality is known asa. task attractionb. physical attractionc. semantic attractiond. social attraction
4. When do you tend to blame other people for your emotions? For which emotions do you have the hardest time accepting responsibility?
4. Emotional reappraisal is very useful, but it takes practice. The next time you experience a strong negative emotion, force yourself to stop and reappraise the situation before you act. This strategy will give your emotion time to cool down, and it will help you to understand the situation
4. How can you identify emotions accurately? When is it helpful to reappraise an emotion? What does it mean to accept responsibility for your emotions? Why should you separate emotions from actions?
4. Think of an instance when you have reappraised a negative emotion. What was the outcome?
3. When do you have diffi culty identifying your own emotional experiences?
2. Why is the emotional contagion effect infl uential? That is, why do we mimic the emotional experiences and expressions of those around us?
1. How does it feel, physically, to be sad? How about disgusted? Joyful? Angry? Surprised?In what ways are the physical experiences of these emotions the same? In what ways are they different?
10. A productive strategy for dealing with negative feelings, involving changing the way one thinks about a situation to reduce its emotional effect, is ______________.
9. The emotion of ______________ is generally considered to have a neutral valence.
8. The behavioral components of emotions are called ______________, which are specifi c behaviors that each emotion motivates us to engage in.
7. ______________ occurs when someone feels that the existence or the quality of his or her relationship is threatened by a third party, whereas occurs when someone wants what someone else has.
6. The technique of changing the way we talk about an emotional situation in order to improve our emotion is called ______________ the situation.
5. Someone who is able to perceive and accurately express emotions and use emotions to facilitate thought, to understand emotions, and to manage emotions constructively is considered to havea. emotional intelligenceb. intelligence quotientc. emotional reappraisald. none of the above
4. Shayne’s partner forgot his birthday. Even though Shayne did not really care, he put on quite a show and acted furious just to make his partner feel bad.The emotion display rule Shayne used isa. inhibitionb. simulationc. maskingd. de-intensifi cation
3. Of the following emotions, the one that is not a secondary emotion isa. disgustb. remorsec. contemptd. awe
2. Annika hates going to parties and tends to socialize only with her family and closest friends. Annika’s fear of not making a good impression on others is best described asa. depressionb. social anxietyc. griefd. loneliness
1. An emotional response to the perception that you have been wronged in some way isa. envyb. jealousyc. contemptd. anger
4. In what situations do you find it diffi cult to engage in informational listening? Whom do you know who is a particularly good empathic listener?
4. Television commercials offer ample opportunity to sharpen your critical listening skills. Spend some time watching advertisements and thinking about the claims they’re making. How credible are the sources? How probable are the claims? Do the commercials encourage you to make inferences that
4. What is the vividness effect? When should you question another person’s credibility? Why is it important to listen nonjudgmentally?
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