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Interpersonal Communication 2nd Edition Kory Floyd - Solutions
4. What does it mean to be skeptical? How does being skeptical help you to be a better listener?
3. When do you notice yourself falling victim to the confi rmation bias? What can you do to prevent it?
2. Which type of listening—informational, critical, empathic—do you engage in the most often? Which type do you enjoy the most? Why?
1. What does it mean to listen? How is listening different from hearing? In what instances do you hear someone without listening?
10. ______________ is the tendency not to listen to anything with which you disagree.
9. The fi rst stage of effective listening, according to the HURIER model, is ______________ .
8. The ______________ occurs when shocking and dramatic events distort an individual’s perception of reality.
7. ______________ occurs when someone listens only to the part of the message that she or he wants to hear and ignores the rest.
6. Regarding the relationship between hearing and listening, ______________ is a passive process, whereas ______________ is an active process.
5. In class, Charyn cannot keep her mind off her problems at work. However, she pretends to listen to the professor’s lecture. Charyn is experiencing the barrier to effective listening known asa. information overloadb. noisec. pseudolisteningd. glazing over
4. The type of listening that involves trying to understand a situation from the speaker’s perspective isa. empathic listeningb. informative listeningc. critical listeningd. persuasive listening
3. Assigning meaning to what we hear illustrates the HURIER model’s stage ofa. hearingb. rememberingc. interpretingd. responding
2. Using facial expressions and a verbal statement such as “I understand” to let the speaker know you are paying attention is an example of the type of listening responses calleda. analyzingb. empathizingc. paraphrasingd. backchanneling
1. Which of the following is not a part of the defi nition of listening?a. It is an active process.b. It involves the creation of meaning.c. It deals with only spoken messages.d. It occurs automatically.
4. Which nonverbal behaviors are you the most sensitive to? Which are you least likely to notice in others? Why is your ability to express yourself nonverbally important?
4. Record an episode of one of your favorite television shows and then watch a few minutes of it with the sound turned off. Pay attention to the characters’ nonverbal behaviors, and try to fi gure out what emotions they are experiencing. Once you have an idea of a character’s emotion, ask
4. What is the difference between being sensitive to a nonverbal message and deciphering its meaning? What are some professions in which you would commonly fi nd highly expressive people?
4. Why do you suppose we tend to believe nonverbal cues, even when they contradict a person’s words? Give an example of a situation in which you would believe a person’s verbal message instead of his or her nonverbal message.
3. Touch is a form of nonverbal communication that is highly affected by social and cultural rules. What are some of the rules of touch that you perceive?
2. How do you feel when someone keeps you waiting? What messages do you get from the ways other people use time?
1. In what ways would you alter your personal appearance if you were trying to look friendlier? Smarter? More liberal? Wealthier? What aspects of personal appearance convey such messages?
10. __________ is the convergence of two people’s nonverbal behaviors.
9. Turning your posture away from the person you’re speaking to, as a signal that you want to end the conversation, is called _______________.
8. Non-word sounds such as “umm” and “uh” are called _______________ words.
7. People in _______________ cultures stand close together and touch one another often.
6. _______________ is the fi rst of the fi ve senses to develop in humans.
5. Three behaviors that systematically change when people attempt to deceive area. smiling, eye blinking, pupil dilationb. eye blinking, fi dgeting, wincingc. pupil dilation, wincing, smilingd. none of the above
4. Which of the following vocal behaviors is an index of how high or low a voice sounds?a. infl ectionb. volumec. pitchd. rate
3. When a manicurist touches Suzi’s hands while giving her a manicure, the type of touch Suzi receives isa. affectionateb. caregivingc. rituald. power and control
2. When Jorge proposed to Janie, she put her hand on her heart to signal her love for him. Which type of gesture did Janie enact?a. regulatorb. adaptorc. affect displayd. emblem
1. All of the following are characteristic of nonverbal communication excepta. nonverbal communication is present in most interpersonal conversationsb. nonverbal communication usually conveys more information than verbal communicationc. nonverbal communication is the secondary means of
1. In what ways is your language use affected by your culture?Where did you learn all the rules associated with your native language?
1. To observe how language evolves, invent a new word or expression.Write out a defi nition for it, and begin using it in everyday conversation with your friends. Take note of how well your word or expression catches on and whether your friends begin using it in their own conversations.
1. What does it mean to say that language is symbolic? How is onomatopoeia an exception to the rule that language is arbitrary? How do syntactic rules differ from semantic rules? Describe the difference between a word’s denotative meaning and its connotative meaning. When is a word or phrase
1. Do you think only in words? Do you ever think in numbers, colors, or sounds? If you didn’t know any languages, would you lack the ability to think?
1. What did you think of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis when you fi rst read about it? Did it seem reasonable or unreasonable to you?
1. If you had to choose a different name for yourself, what would it be? Why? What makes one speaker more credible than another to you?
1. When you’re feeling stressed, try a version of Pennebaker’s emotional writing activity. Sit quietly in a room with a pen and paper, and begin to write about your feelings. Why are you feeling stressed? What else are you feeling?Don’t worry about punctuation and grammar; just write nonstop
1. Which characteristics about a person are often implied by his or her name? How can you use an appeal to pathos to persuade someone? How is equivocation related to credibility? In what ways do we express affection to others verbally? What types of statements should messages of comfort contain?
1. What euphemisms do you tend to use? Do you feel that prohibiting hate speech is a good idea or a bad one? Why?
1. Many groups have their own slang. Talk to some people who have hobbies, interests, or jobs very different from yours, and learn some of the slang common to those groups. Document what you’ve learned in a short report.
1. What makes a joke funny? What are the purposes of using euphemisms?In what ways does the use of slang refl ect a person’s subcultures?How is libel different from slander? What makes a word or a phrase profane?What is hate speech?
1. When someone “talks down to you,” what does it make you think about that person? When do you tend to commit the monopolization error?
1. Separating facts and opinions can be diffi cult, not only when you’re speaking but also when you’re listening to others. Practice that skill by watching a television newscast or reading an Internet blog. Write down fi ve statements you hear or read, and for each one, ask yourself if it is a
1. What is the shared knowledge error? How are opinions distinguished from facts? Why is it important to speak at an appropriate level? What are the four components of a constructive I-statement?
4. There is much disagreement regarding hate speech laws: Supporters maintain they are necessary to promote civility; critics contend they amount to unconstitutional censorship. What do you think?
3. Why do you think so many people laugh at jokes that put down other people? Can a joke be funny even if you fi nd it distasteful? Explain.
2. The more you learn about persuasion, the greater your ability to persuade others.What are the ethical implications of having the ability to persuade?
1. With the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in mind, what examples can you think of that illustrate how your language refl ects your culture’s behaviors and attitude?
10. Terms and phrases that are intended to mislead listeners by implying something that they don’t actually say are known as ____________.
9. The idea that we can only conceive of something if we have a word for it is known as ____________.
8. ____________ rules allow an individual to connect the word laptop with the concept “computer.”
7. A word whose sound imitates its meaning is an example of ____________.
6. Because language is ____________, each word represents a particular object or idea, but the word does not constitute the object or idea itself.
5. Good communicators take responsibility for their own thoughts and feelings by usinga. I-statementsb. you-statementsc. we-statementsd. they-statements
4. Sophie wants a new bike, so she tries to make her dad feel sorry for her, saying she’s the only student in her class who doesn’t have a good bike. Sophie’s persuasive strategy is to appeal toa. pathosb. logosc. ethosd. equivocation
3. A vague, mild expression that symbolizes something blunter or harsher is called a/ana. eugenicb. equivocationc. euphemismd. emphasis
2. All of the following are elements in Ogden and Richard’s semantic triangle excepta. symbolb. referencec. referentd. article
1. The dictionary defi nition of a word is its ___________ meaning, whereas the implication of that word is its ___________ meaning.a. denotative, connotativeb. connotative, denotativec. denotative, relationald. connotative, relational
4. When do you commit the fundamental attribution error? With which group(s) of people would you be most likely to make over attributions?
4. For one week, keep a list of all the attributions you give to someone else about something you have done. At the end of the week, go back through your list, and evaluate each attribution for accuracy. How many attributions fit the self-serving bias? How many were accurate? Were any of your
4. What does it mean to say that attributions vary according to locus, stability, and controllability? How are the self-serving bias, the fundamental attribution error, and over attribution examples of attribution errors?
4. How do you notice that your own perceptions are limited? When do you mistake interpretations for facts?
4. Distorted or inaccurate perceptions often provide the basis for comedy story lines. Spend a few days watching your favorite sitcoms, and pay attention to how the characters’ perceptions are limited, how they might be affected by culture, and how they might confuse interpretation with
4. What aspects of ourselves, the people we are perceiving, and the context can influence our perceptions? How do direct and indirect perception checking differ?
4. What is the difference between a fact and an interpretation? How can you tell the difference?
3. If we recognize that our perceptions are always limited, what can we do to improve our perception making? How can we make our perceptions less limited?
2. Why is the idea of stereotyping so distasteful to many people?
1. What inaccurate perceptions do people often have of you? Why are people prone to making those perceptual mistakes? What perceptual mistakes concerning other people do you find yourself making?
10. Singling out one or two obvious characteristics of a person and attributing everything he or she does to those characteristics is known as ____________ .
9. The ____________ posits that the most recent impression we have of someone is more powerful than our earlier impressions.
8. According to the ____________ , first impressions are crucial because they set the tone for future interactions.
7. A ____________ is a set of behaviors that is expected of someone in a particular social situation.
6. The first of the three stages of perception is the ____________ stage.
5. The predisposition to perceive only what we want or expect to perceive is known asa. interpretationb. organizationc. attributiond. perceptual set
4. Frankie believes that he got into graduate school at his top-choice university because he is a good student.Jolie believes that she was not accepted for admission to her fi rst-pick university because she is an out-of-state student. Frankie and Jolie are engaging ina. overattributionb.
3. Cherie sees her new partner as perfect, although her friends can see many flaws. Cherie is experiencinga. negativity biasb. positivity biasc. perceptual setd. egocentrism
2. Lacking the ability to take another person’s perspective is known asa. egocentrismb. idc. superegod. cultural relativism
1. A characteristic that does not make a particular stimulus more likely to be selected for attention is thata. it is unusualb. it is expectedc. you are frequently exposed to itd. it is of high intensity
4. Are you generally more comfortable self-disclosing to members of one sex than to members of the other, or do you feel equally comfortable disclosing to both women and men?
4. How do you notice that you feel better, if at all, after disclosing your emotions?
4. In what ways do you benefit from disclosing to other people?How do you feel when people share inappropriate disclosures with you?
4. Choose one friend, one family member, and one school or work relationship.For each one, re-create the drawing in Figure 3.3, specifying both the depth and the breadth of disclosure that you typically share with that person.Notice the similarities and differences in breadth and depth across those
4. What is meant by breadth and depth of self-disclosure? In what ways can self-disclosure enhance relationships? What are the primary risks of selfdisclosure?What aspects of online communication make a person particularly vulnerable to the risks of self-disclosure?
4. What are some situations that threaten people’s need for inclusion? Their need for affection? Their need for control? How do you generally react in those situations?
3. What’s good about gossip? In what ways can gossip produce positive relational outcomes?
2. When it comes to social comparison, what reference groups are particularly relevant to you?
1. In what ways has your self-concept changed over the course of your adolescent and adult life? What parts of your self-concept have remained relatively constant?
10. Disclosures made in an online environment would be described as ______________ when they are more personal in nature than they would be face-to-face.
9. A behavior that threatens one’s face need is known as a ______________ .
8. The subjective evaluation of one’s value and worth as a person is known as one’s ______________ .
7. Through ______________ our self-concept is influenced by how we think other people see us.
6. Your ______________ consists of ways you tend to think and act across most situations.
5. The aspects of self-disclosure that characterize social penetration theory area. breadth and depthb. honesty and intimacyc. quantity and qualityd. good and bad
4. After Frances shares with James her intense fear of public speaking, James then feels compelled to share with Frances something personal about himself. That example illustrates that self-disclosure usually occurs incrementally and is guided bya. the norm of reciprocityb. the rule of
3. Craig hates being imposed upon by others. Craig has a high degree ofa. fellowship faceb. competence facec. connectedness faced. autonomy face
2. The name for the situation in which expectations cause people to act and communicate in ways that make the expectations come true isa. self-fulfilling prophecyb. self-serving biasc. self-disclosured. social comparison
1. The motivation to maintain some degree of influence in our relationships is known as the need fora. belongingb. controlc. inclusiond. autonomy
4. What role do you think your biological sex, gender role, and sexual orientation play in how you communicate with others?
4. How would you characterize your verbal and nonverbal behavior?
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