Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics 4th Edition Andy Field - Solutions

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Task 4: Say I own 857 CDs. My friend has written a computer program that uses a webcam to scan the shelves in my house where I keep my CDs and measure how many I have. His program says that I have 863 CDs. Define measurement error. What is the measurement error in my friend’s CD-counting device?
Task 3: What is the level of measurement of the following variables?The number of downloads of different bands’ songs on iTunes The names of the bands that were downloaded Their positions in the download chart The money earned by the bands from the downloads The weight of drugs bought by the
Task 2: What is the fundamental difference between experimental and correlational research?
Task 1: What are (broadly speaking) the five stages of the research process?
Task 2: A marketing manager for a certain well-known drinks manufacturer was interested in the therapeutic benefit of certain soft drinks for curing hangovers. He took 15 people out on the town one night and got them drunk. The next morning as they awoke, dehydrated and feeling as though they'd
Task 1: Stalking is a very disruptive and upsetting (for the person being stalked) experience in which someone (the stalker) constantly harasses or obsesses about another person. It can take many forms, from sending intensely disturbing letters threatening to boil your cat if you don't reciprocate
Task 3: Students (and lecturers for that matter) love their mobile phones, which is rather worrying given some recent controversy about links between mobile phone use and brain tumours. The basic idea is that mobile phones emit microwaves, and so holding one next to your brain for large parts of
Task 2: In Chapter 13 (section 13.4) there are some data looking at whether eating soya meals reduces your sperm count. Have a look at this section, access the data for that example, but analyse them with ANOVA. What's the difference between what you find and what is found in section 13.4? Why do
Task 1: Imagine that I was interested in how different teaching methods affected students' knowledge. I noticed that some lecturers were aloof and arrogant in their teaching style and humiliated anyone who asked them a question, while others were encouraging and supporting of questions and
Task 2: Imagine Twaddle and Sons, the publishers of Women are from Bras and men are from Penis, were upset about my claims that their book was about as useful as a paper umbrella. They decided to take me to task and design their own experiment in which participants read their book, and one of my
Task 1: One of my pet hates is 'pop psychology' books. Along with banishing Freud from all bookshops, it is my vowed ambition to rid the world of these rancid putrefaction- ridden wastes of trees. Not only do they give psychology a very bad name by stating the obvious and charging people for the
A health psychologist interested in research into HIV wanted to know the factors that influenced condom use with a new partner (relationship less than 1 month old). The outcome measure was whether a condom was used (Use: condom used = 1, Not used = 0). The predictor variables were mainly scales
Recent research has shown that lecturers are among the most stressed workers. A researcher wanted to know exactly what it was about being a lecturer that created this stress and subsequent burnout. She took 467 lecturers and administered several questionnaires to them that measured: Burnout (burnt
Using the Glastonbury data from this chapter (with the dummy coding in Glastonbury Dummy.sav), which you should've already analysed, comment on whether you think the model is reliable and generalizable.
A fashion student was interested in factors that predicted the salaries of catwalk models. She collected data from 231 models. For each model she asked them their salary per day on days when they were working (salary), their age (age), how many years they had worked as a model (years), and then got
Using the ChickFlick.sav data from Chapter 3, is there a relationship between gender and arousal? Using the same data, is there a relationship between the film watched and arousal?
A student was interested in whether there was a positive relationship between the time spent doing an essay and the mark received. He got 45 of his friends and timed how long they spent writing an essay (hours) and the percentage they got in the essay (essay). He also translated these grades into
Using the SPSSExam.sav data (remember that numeracy scores appear positively skewed (see Figure 3.10)), transform these data using one of the transformations described in this chapter: do the data become normal?2
Using the Chick Flick.sav data, check the distributions for the two films (ignore gender): are they normally distributed?
Using the data from Chapter 2 (which you should have saved, but if you didn't, re-enter it from Table 2.1) plot some graphs of the mean number of friends, alcohol consumption, income and neuroticism of students and lecturers. Which have the most friends, drink the most, earn the most and are the
Smart Alex's task for this chapter is to save the data that you've entered in this chapter. Save it somewhere on the hard drive of your computer (or a floppy disk if you're not working on your own computer). Give it a sensible title and save it somewhere easy to find (perhaps create a folder called
7. What is statistical power?? Smart Alex knows everything there is to know about statistics and SPSS. He also likes nothing more than to ask people stats questions just so that he can be smug about how much he knows. So, why not really annoy him and get all of the answers right?
6. What is an effect size and how is it measured? Smart Alex knows everything there is to know about statistics and SPSS. He also likes nothing more than to ask people stats questions just so that he can be smug about how much he knows. So, why not really annoy him and get all of the answers right?
5. What are Type I and Type II errors? Smart Alex knows everything there is to know about statistics and SPSS. He also likes nothing more than to ask people stats questions just so that he can be smug about how much he knows. So, why not really annoy him and get all of the answers right?
4. What is a test statistic and what does it tell us? Smart Alex knows everything there is to know about statistics and SPSS. He also likes nothing more than to ask people stats questions just so that he can be smug about how much he knows. So, why not really annoy him and get all of the answers
3. What's the difference between the standard deviation and the standard error? Smart Alex knows everything there is to know about statistics and SPSS. He also likes nothing more than to ask people stats questions just so that he can be smug about how much he knows. So, why not really annoy him and
2. What is the mean and how do we tell if it's representative of our data? Smart Alex knows everything there is to know about statistics and SPSS. He also likes nothing more than to ask people stats questions just so that he can be smug about how much he knows. So, why not really annoy him and get
1. Why do we use samples? Smart Alex knows everything there is to know about statistics and SPSS. He also likes nothing more than to ask people stats questions just so that he can be smug about how much he knows. So, why not really annoy him and get all of the answers right?
Task 4: Repeat the analysis in Task 3 but include the pre-intervention exercise scores(Pre_Exercise) as a covariate. What difference does this make to the results?
Task 3: Hill, Abraham, and Wright (2007) examined whether providing children with a leaflet based on the ‘theory of planned behaviour’ increased their exercise. There were four different interventions (Intervention): a control group, a leaflet, a leaflet and quiz, and a leaflet and plan. A
Task 2: Using our growth model example in this chapter, analyse the data but include Gender as an additional covariate. Does this change your conclusions? ④
Task 1: Using the cosmetic surgery example, run the analysis described in Section 20.6.5 but also including BDI, age and gender as fixed effect predictors. What differences does including these predictors make? ④
Task 12: The musicologist extended her study by collecting data from 430 musicians. Again she noted the Instrument a person played (Singer, Guitar, Bass, Drums), and the same personality variables. However, she also measured their Conscientiousness. Conduct a multinomial logistic regression to see
Task 11: Which problem associated with logistic regression might we have in the analysis for Task 10? ③
Task 10: At the start of the chapter we looked at whether the type of instrument a person plays is connected to their personality. A musicologist got 200 singers and guitarists from bands. She noted the Instrument they played (Singer, Guitar), and measured two personality variables in
Task 9: A female who used a condom in her previous encounter scores 2 on all variables except perceived risk (for which she scores 6). Use the model to estimate the probability that she will use a condom in her next encounter. ③
Task 8: Using the final model of condom use in Task 6, what are the probabilities that participants 12, 53 and 75 will use a condom? ③
Task 7: How reliable is the model for Task 6? ②
Task 6: An HIV researcher explored the factors that influenced condom use with a new partner(relationship less than 1 month old). The outcome measure was whether a condom was used (Use:condom used = 1, not used = 0). The predictor variables were mainly scales from the Condom Attitude Scale (CAS) by
Task 5: Four hundred and sixty-seven lecturers completed questionnaire measures of Burnout(burnt out or not), Perceived Control (high score = low perceived control), Coping Style (high score = high ability to cope with stress), Stress from Teaching (high score = teaching creates a lot of stress for
Task 4: In their second study, Piff et al. (2012) again observed the behaviour of drivers and classified social class by the type of car (Vehicle). However, they observed whether the drivers cut off a pedestrian at a crossing (Pedestrian_Cut). The data are in Piff et al. (2012) Pedestrian.sav.Do a
Task 3: Piff, Stancato, Côté, Mendoza-Dentona, and Keltner (2012) showed that people of a higher social class are more unpleasant. In the first study in their paper they observed the behaviour of drivers: they classified social class by the type of car (Vehicle) on a 5-point scale. They then
Task 2: Are there any influential cases or outliers in the model for Task 1? ③
Task 1: A ‘display rule’ refers to displaying an appropriate emotion in a given situation. For example, if you receive a Christmas present that you don’t like, you should smile politely and say‘Thank you, Auntie Kate, I’ve always wanted a rotting cabbage’. The inappropriate emotional
Task 11: On my statistics course students have weekly SPSS classes in a computer laboratory.These classes are run by postgraduate tutors but I often pop in to help out. I’ve noticed in these sessions that many students are studying Facebook more than the very interesting statistics assignments
Task 10: I was interested in whether horoscopes are just tosh. Therefore, I took 2201 people, made a note of their star sign (this variable, obviously, has 12 categories: Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius) and whether they
Task 9: Compute and interpret the odds ratio for Task 8. ②
Task 8: Certain editors at Sage like to think they’re a bit of a whiz at football (soccer if you prefer).To see whether they are better than Sussex lecturers and postgraduates we invited various employees of Sage to join in our football matches. Every player was allowed only to play in one match.
Task 7: Compute and interpret the odds ratio for Task 6. ②
Task 6: I wrote much of the third edition of this book in the Netherlands (I have a soft spot for Holland). I noticed cultural differences to England. The Dutch travel by bike much more than the English. I noticed also that many more Dutch people cycle while steering with only one hand. I pointed
Task 5: Using the same data, carry out a chi-square test to see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with the participant commenting on their own physical activity. ①
Task 4: Using the same data, carry out a chi-square test to see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with indicating that the athlete was a role model or motivating. ①
Task 3: Using the same data, carry out a chi-square test to see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with indicating admiration or jealousy for the athlete. ①
Task 2: Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 18.1 describes a study (Daniels, 2012) that looked at the impact of sexualized images of athletes compared to performance pictures on women’s perceptions of the athlete’s and of themselves. Women looked at different types of pictures (Picture) and then did
Task 1: Research suggests that people who can switch off from work (Detachment) during offhours are more satisfied with life and have fewer symptoms of psychological strain (Sonnentag, 2012). Factors at work can affect your ability to detach when away from work. For example, a study looked at 1709
Task 4: Zibarras, Port, and Woods (2008) looked at the relationship between personality and creativity. They used the Hogan Development Survey (HDS), which measures 11 dysfunctional dispositions of employed adults: being volatile, mistrustful, cautious, detached, passiveaggressive, arrogant,
Task 3: Dr Sian Williams (University of Brighton) devised a questionnaire to measure organizational ability. She predicted five factors to do with organizational ability: (1) preference for organization; (2) goal achievement; (3) planning approach; (4) acceptance of delays; and (5)preference for
Task 2: The University of Sussex constantly seeks to employ the best people possible as lecturers.They wanted to revise the ‘Teaching of Statistics for Scientific Experiments’ (TOSSE)questionnaire, which is based on Bland’s theory that says that good research methods lecturers should have:
Task 1: Rerun the analysis in this chapter using principal component analysis and compare the results to those in the chapter. (Set the iterations to convergence to 30.) ②
Task 3: I was interested in whether students’ knowledge of different aspects of psychology improved throughout their degree (Psychology.sav). I took a sample of first years, second years and third years and gave them five tests (scored out of 15) representing different aspects of psychology:
Task 2: A news story claimed that children who lie would become successful citizens(http://bit.ly/ammQNT). I was intrigued because although the article cited a lot of well-conducted work by Dr. Khang Lee that shows that children lie, I couldn’t find anything in that research that supported the
Task 1: A clinical psychologist decided to compare his patients against a normal sample. He observed 10 of his patients as they went through a normal day. He also observed 10 lecturers at the University of Sussex. He measured all participants using two dependent variables: how many chicken
Task 7: Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 4.2 described an important study by Johns, Hargrave, and Newton-Fisher (2012) in which they reasoned that if red was a proxy signal to indicate sexual proceptivity then men should find red female genitalia more attractive than other colours. They also recorded
Task 6: My wife believes that she has received less friend requests from random men on Facebook since she changed her profile picture to a photo of us both. Imagine we took 40 women who had profiles on a social networking website; 17 of them had a relationship status of ‘single’ and the
Task 5: A different study was conducted with the same design as in Task 4. The only difference was that the participant’s violent acts in real life were monitored before the study, and after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. Does playing Angry Birds make people more violent in general compared to
Task 4: Angry Birds is a video game in which you fire birds at pigs. Some daft people think this sort of thing makes people more violent. A (fabricated) study was set up in which people played Angry Birds and a control game (Tetris) over a two-year period (one year per game). They were put in a pen
Task 3: A researcher hypothesized that Big Brother (see Chapter 1) contestants start off with personality disorders that are exacerbated by being forced to live with people as attention-seeking as them. To test this hypothesis, she gave eight contestants a questionnaire measuring personality
Task 2: Text messaging and Twitter encourage communication using abbreviated forms of words(if u no wat I mean). A researcher wanted to see the effect this had on children’s understanding of grammar. One group of 25 children was encouraged to send text messages on their mobile phones over a
Task 1: In the previous chapter we looked at an example in which participants viewed a total of nine mock adverts over three sessions. In these adverts there were three products (a brand of beer, Brain Death; a brand of wine, Dangleberry; and a brand of water, Puritan). These could be presented
Task 9: Conduct a one-way ANOVA on the log-transformed scores in Task 8. Do children take longer to put their hands in a box that they believe contains an animal about which they have been told nasty things? ②
Task 8: Log-transform the scores in Task 7 and repeat the normality tests. ②
Task 7: A lot of my research looks at the effect of giving children information about animals. In one particular study (Field, 2006), I used three novel animals (the quoll, quokka and cuscus) and children were told negative things about one of the animals, positive things about another, and were
Task 6: Using SPSS Tip 14.2, change the syntax in SimpleEffectsAttitude.sps to look at the effect of drink at different levels of imagery. ③
Task 4: The ‘roving eye’ effect is the propensity of people in relationships to ‘eye up’ members of the opposite sex. I took 20 men and fitted them with incredibly sophisticated glasses that could track their eye movements and record both the movement and the object being observed (this is
Task 3: Calculate the effect sizes for the analysis in Task 1. ③
Task 2: Repeat the analysis for Task 1 in SPSS and interpret the results. ②
Task 1: It is common that lecturers obtain reputations for being ‘hard’ or ‘light’ markers (or to use the students’ terminology, ‘evil manifestations from Beelzebub’s bowels’ and ‘nice people’) but there is often little to substantiate these reputations. A group of students
Task 9: There are reports of increases in injuries related to playing Nintendo Wii(http://ow.ly/ceWPj). These injuries were attributed mainly to muscle and tendon strains. A researcher hypothesized that a stretching warm-up before playing Wii would help lower injuries, and that athletes would be
Task 8: Using SPSS Tip 13.1, change the syntax in GogglesSimpleEffects.sps to look at the effect of alcohol at different levels of gender. ③
Task 7: Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 6 and report the results of the analysis. ③
Task 6: At the start of this chapter I described a way of empirically researching whether I wrote better songs than my old band mate Malcolm, and whether this depended on the type of song (a symphony or song about flies). The outcome variable would be the number of screams elicited by audience
Task 5: In Chapter 3 we used some data that related to learning in men and women when either reinforcement or punishment was used in teaching (Method Of Teaching.sav). Analyse these data to see whether men’s and women’s learning differs according to the teaching method used. ②
Task 4: Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 3 and report the results of the analysis. ③
Task 3: In Chapter 3 we used some data that related to men and women’s arousal levels when watching either Bridget Jones’s Diary or Memento (ChickFlick.sav). Analyse these data to see whether men and women differ in their reactions to different types of films. ②
Task 2: Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 1 and report the results of the analysis. ③
Task 1: People’s musical tastes tend to change as they get older. My parents, for example, after years of listening to relatively cool music when I was a kid, subsequently hit their mid-forties and developed a worrying obsession with country and western music. This possibility worries me
Task 8: In Chapter 9 we compared the number of mischievous acts (mischief2) in people who had invisibility cloaks compared to those without (cloak). Imagine we also had information about the baseline number of mischievous acts in these participants (mischief1). Conduct an ANCOVA to see whether
Task 7: Compare your results for Task 6 to those for the corresponding task in Chapter 10. What differences do you notice, and why? ②
Task 6: In Chapter 3 (Task 5) we looked at data from people who had been forced to marry goats and dogs and measured their life satisfaction as well as how much they like animals (Goat or Dog.sav). Run an ANCOVA predicting life satisfaction from the type of animal to which a person was married and
Task 5: The highlight of the elephant calendar is the annual elephant soccer event in Nepal(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8435112.stm). A heated argument burns between the African and Asian elephants. In 2010, the president of the Asian Elephant Football Association, an elephant named Boji, claimed
Task 4: Compute effect sizes and report the results from Task 3. ②
Task 3: A marketing manager was interested in the therapeutic benefit of certain soft drinks for curing hangovers. He took 15 people out on the town one night and got them drunk. The next morning as they awoke, dehydrated and feeling as though they’d licked a camel’s sandy feet clean with their
Task 2: Compute effect sizes and report the results from Task 1. ②
Task 1: A few years back I was stalked. You’d think they could have found someone a bit more interesting to stalk, but apparently times were hard. It could have been a lot worse than it was, but it wasn’t particularly pleasant. I imagined a world in which a psychologist tried two different
Task 9: A sociologist wanted to compare murder rates (Murder) each month in a year at three high profile locations in London (Street). Run an ANOVA with bootstrapping on the post hoc tests to see in which streets the most murders happened (Murder.sav)
Task 8: Repeat the analysis above but using copulatory efficiency as the outcome. ②
Task 7: Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 6.2 describes an experiment (Çetinkaya & Domjan, 2006)on quails with fetishes for terrycloth objects. (Really, it does.) You were asked to analyse two of the variables that they measured with a Kruskal–Wallis test. However, there were two other outcome
Task 5: Mobile phones emit microwaves, and so holding one next to your brain for large parts of the day is a bit like sticking your brain in a microwave oven and pushing the ‘cook until well done’button. If we wanted to test this experimentally, we could get six groups of people and strap a
Task 4: In Chapter 6 (Section 6.6) there are some data looking at whether eating soya meals reduces your sperm count. Have a look at this section, access the data for that example, but analyse them with ANOVA. What’s the difference between what you find and what is found in Section 6.6.5? Why do
Task 3: Children wearing superhero costumes are more likely to harm themselves because of the unrealistic impression of invincibility that these costumes could create. For example, children have reported to hospital with severe injuries because of trying ‘to initiate flight without having planned

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Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics 4th Edition Andy Field - Solutions

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