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Discovering Statistics Using IBM Spss Statistics 5th Edition Andy Field - Solutions

Task 11: On my statistics module students have weekly SPSS classes in a computer laboratory. I’ve noticed that many students are studying Facebook more than the very interesting statistics assignments that I have set them. I wanted to see the impact that this behavior had on their exam
Task 10: I was interested in whether horoscopes are tosh. I recruited 2201 people, made a note of their star sign (this variable, obviously, has 12 categories: Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius) and whether they believed in
Task 9: Compute and interpret the odds ratio for Task 8.
Task 8: Certain editors at Sage like to think they’re great at football (soccer). To see whether they are better than Sussex lecturers and postgraduates we invited employees of Sage to join in our football matches. Every person played in one match. Over many matches, we counted the number of
Task 7: Compute and interpret the odds ratio for Task 6.
Task 6: I wrote much of the third edition of this book in the Netherlands (I have a soft spot for it).The Dutch travel by bike much more than the English. I noticed that many more Dutch people cycle while steering with only one hand. I pointed this out to one of my friends, Birgit Mayer, and she
Task 5: Using the data in Task 2, see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with the participant commenting on their own physical activity.
Task 4: Using the data in Task 2, see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with indicating that the athlete was a role model or motivating.
Task 3: Using the data in Task 2, see whether the type of picture viewed was associated with indicating admiration or jealousy for the athlete.
Task 2: Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 19.1 describes a study (Daniels, 2012) that looked at the impact of sexualized images of athletes compared to performance pictures on women’s perceptions of the athletes and of themselves. Women looked at different types of pictures (Picture) and then did a
Task 1: Research suggests that people who can switch off from work (Detachment) during offhours are more satisfied with life and have fewer symptoms of psychological strain (Sonnentag, 2012). Factors at work, such as time pressure, affect your ability to detach when away from work. A study of 1709
Task 3: Dr Sian Williams (University of Brighton) devised a questionnaire to measure organizational ability. She predicted five factors to do with organizational ability: (1) preference for organization; (2) goal achievement; (3) planning approach; (4) acceptance of delays; and (5)preference for
Task 2: The University of Sussex constantly seeks to employ the best people possible as lecturers.They wanted to revise the ‘Teaching of Statistics for Scientific Experiments’ (TOSSE)questionnaire, which is based on Bland’s theory that says that good research methods lecturers should have:
Task 1: Rerun the analysis in this chapter using principal component analysis and compare the results to those in the chapter. (Set the iterations to convergence to 30.)
Task 3: I was interested in whether students’ knowledge of different aspects of psychology improved throughout their degree (Psychology.sav). I took a sample of first-years, second-years and thirdyears and gave them five tests (scored out of 15) representing different aspects of psychology:
Task 2: A news story claimed that children who lie would become successful citizens. I was intrigued because although the article cited a lot of well-conducted work by Dr. Khang Lee that shows that children lie, I couldn’t find anything in that research that supported the journalist’s claim
Task 1: A clinical psychologist decided to compare his patients against a normal sample. He observed 10 of his patients as they went through a normal day. He also observed 10 lecturers at the University of Sussex. He measured all participants using two outcome variables: how many chicken
Task 7: Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 5.2 described a study by Johns et al. (2012) in which they reasoned that if red was a proxy signal to indicate sexual proceptivity then men should find red female genitalia more attractive than other colors. They also recorded the men’s sexual
Task 6: My wife believes that she has received fewer friend requests from random men on Facebook since she changed her profile picture to a photo of us both. Imagine we took 40 women who had profiles on a social networking website; 17 of them had a relationship status of ‘single’ and the
Task 5: A different study was conducted with the same design as in Task 4. The only difference was that the participant’s violent acts in real life were monitored before the study, and after 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. Does playing Angry Birds make people more violent in general compared to
Task 4: Angry Birds is a video game in which you fire birds at pigs. Some daft people think this sort of thing makes people more violent. A (fabricated) study was set up in which people played Angry Birds and a control game (Tetris) over a two-year period (one year per game). They were put in a pen
Task 3: A researcher hypothesized that reality TV show contestants start off with personality disorders that are exacerbated by being forced to spend time with people as attention-seeking as them (see Chapter 1). To test this hypothesis, she gave eight contestants a questionnaire measuring
Task 2: Text messaging and Twitter encourage communication using abbreviated forms of words(if u no wat I mean). A researcher wanted to see the effect this had on children’s understanding of grammar. One group of 25 children was encouraged to send text messages on their mobile phones over a
Task 1: In the previous chapter we looked at an example in which participants viewed videos of different drink products in the context of positive, negative or neutral imagery. Men and women might respond differently to the products, so reanalyze the data taking sex (a between-group variable) into
Task 9: What is statistical power?
Task 8: What is an effect size and how is it measured?
Task 7: What are Type I and Type II errors?
Task 6: What is a test statistic and what does it tell us?
Task 5: What do the sum of squares, variance and standard deviation represent? How do they differ?
Task 4: In Chapter 1 we used an example of the time taken for 21 heavy smokers to fall off a treadmill at the fastest setting (18, 16, 18, 24, 23, 22, 22, 23, 26, 29, 32, 34, 34, 36, 36, 43, 42, 49, 46, 46, 57).Calculate the sums of squares, variance, standard deviation, standard error and 95%
Task 3 : What’s the difference between the standard deviation and the standard error?
Task 2: What is the mean and how do we tell if it’s representative of our data?
Task 1: Why do we use samples?
Task 5: Sketch the shape of a normal distribution, a positively skewed distribution and a negatively skewed distribution.
Task 4: Say I own 857 CDs. My friend has written a computer program that uses a webcam to scan the shelves in my house where I keep my CDs and measure how many I have. His program says that I have 863 CDs. Define measurement error. What is the measurement error in my friend’s CD-counting device?
Task 3: What is the level of measurement of the following variables?a. The number of downloads of different bands’ songs on iTunes.b. The names of the bands that were downloaded.c. The position in the iTunes download chart.d. The money earned by the bands from the downloads.e. The weight of drugs
Task 2: What is the fundamental difference between experimental and correlational research?
Task 1: What are (broadly speaking) the five stages of the research process?
What is an EPILOGUE
I was interested in whether horoscopes are just a figment of people's minds. Therefore, I got 2201 people, made a note of their star sign (this variable, obviously, has 12 cate- gories: Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius) and
Certain editors at Sage Publications like to think they're a bit of a whiz at football (soccer if you prefer). To see whether they are better than Sussex lecturers and post- graduates we invited various employees of Sage to join in our football matches (oh, sorry, I mean we invited them down for
The University of Sussex is constantly seeking to employ the best people possible as lecturers (no, really, it is). Anyway, it wanted to revise a questionnaire based on Bland's theory of research methods lecturers. This theory predicts that good research methods lecturers should have four
I was interested in whether students' knowledge of different aspects of psychology improved throughout their degree. I took a sample of first years, second years and third years and gave them five tests (scored out of 15) representing different aspects of psy- chology: Exper (experimental
A clinical psychologist noticed that several of his manic psychotic patients did chicken impersonations in public. He wondered whether this behaviour could be used to diag- nose this disorder and so decided to compare his patients against a normal sample. He observed 10 of his patients as they went
Task 4: A researcher was interested in trying to prevent coulrophobia (fear of clowns) in children. She decided to do an experiment in which different groups of children (15 in each) were exposed to different forms of positive information about clowns. The first group watched some adverts for
Task 3: A psychologist was interested in the effects of television programmes on domestic life. She hypothesized that through learning by watching', certain programmes might actually encourage people to behave like the characters within them. This in turn could affect the viewer's own relationships
Task 2: There's been much speculation over the years about the influence of sub- liminal messages on records. To name a few cases, both Ozzy Osbourne and Judas Priest have been accused of putting backward masked messages on their albums that subliminally influence poor unsuspecting teenagers into
Task 1: A psychologist was interested in the cross-species differences between men and dogs. She observed a group of dogs and a group of men in a naturalistic setting (20 of each). She classified several behaviours as being dog-like (urinating against trees and lampposts, attempts to copulate with
Task 2: Text messaging is very popular amongst mobile phone owners, to the point that books have been published on how to write in text speak (BTW, hope u no wat I mean by txt spk). One concern is that children may use this form of communication so much that it will hinder their ability to learn
I am going to extend the example from the previous chapter (advertising and different imagery) by adding a between-group variable to the design. To recap, in case you haven't read the previous chapter, participants viewed a total of nine mock adverts over three sessions. In these adverts there were
Task 3: Using Box 11.1, change the syntax in Simple Effects Attitude.sps to look at the effect of drink at different levels of imagery.
Task 2: In the previous chapter we came across the beer-goggles effect: a severe perceptual distortion after imbibing vast quantities of alcohol. The specific visual dis- tortion is that previously unattractive people suddenly become the hottest thing since Spicy Gonzalez's extra-hot
Task 1: Imagine I wanted to look at the effect alcohol has on the roving eye. The 'roving eye' effect is the propensity of people in relationships to 'eye-up' members of the opposite sex. I took 20 men and fitted them with incredibly sophisticated glasses that could track their eye movements and
Task 2: Using Box 10.2. change the syntax in GogglesSimple Effects.sps to look at the effect of alcohol at different levels of gender.
Task 1: People's musical taste tends to change as they get older (my parents, for example, after years of listening to relatively cool music when I was a kid in the 1970s, subsequently hit their mid-forties and developed a worrying obsession with country and western music or maybe it was the stress
Task 9: Analyze the data in Task 7 with a robust model. Do children take longer to put their hands in a box that they believe contains an animal about which they have been told nasty things?
Task 8: Log-transform the scores in Task 7 and repeat the normality tests.
Task 7: Early in my career I looked at the effect of giving children information about animals. In one study (Field, 2006), I used three novel animals (the quoll, quokka and cuscus), and children were told negative things about one of the animals, positive things about another, and given no
Task 6: Using SPSS Tip 15.3, change the syntax in SimpleEffectsAttitude.sps to look at the effect of drink at different levels of imagery.
Task 5: In the previous chapter we came across the beer-goggles effect. In that chapter, we saw that the beer-goggles effect was stronger for unattractive faces. We took a follow-up sample of 26 people and gave them doses of alcohol (0 pints, 2 pints, 4 pints and 6 pints of lager) over four
Task 4: The ‘roving eye’ effect is the propensity of people in relationships to ‘eye up’ people other than their current partner. I fitted 20 people with incredibly sophisticated glasses that tracked their eye movements (yes, I am making this up …). Over four nights I plied them with
Task 3: Calculate the effect sizes for the analysis in Task 1.
Task 2: Repeat the analysis for Task 1 using SPSS Statistics and interpret the results.
Task 1: It is common that lecturers obtain reputations for being ‘hard’ or ‘light’ markers (or, to use the students’ terminology, ‘evil manifestations from Beelzebub’s bowels’ and ‘nice people’), but there is often little to substantiate these reputations. A group of students
Task 10: A researcher was interested in what factors contributed to injuries resulting from game console use. She tested 40 participants who were randomly assigned to either an active or static game played on either a Wii or Xbox Kinect. At the end of the session their physical condition was
Task 9: There are reports of increases in injuries related to playing Nintendo Wii(http://ow.ly/ceWPj). These injuries were attributed mainly to muscle and tendon strains. A researcher hypothesized that a stretching warm-up before playing Wii would help lower injuries, and that athletes would be
Task 8: Using SPSS Tip 14.1, change the syntax in GogglesSimpleEffects.sps to look at the effect of alcohol at different levels of type of face.
Task 7: Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 6 and report the results of the analysis.
Task 6: At the start of this chapter I described a way of empirically researching whether I wrote better songs than my old bandmate Malcolm, and whether this depended on the type of song (a symphony or song about flies). The outcome variable was the number of screams elicited by audience members
Task 5: In Chapter 4 we used some data that related to learning in men and women when either reinforcement or punishment was used in teaching (Method Of Teaching.sav). Analyze these data to see whether men and women’s learning differs according to the teaching method used.
Task 4: Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 3 and report the results of the analysis.1098
Task 3: In Chapter 5 we used some data that related to male and female arousal levels when watching The Notebook or a documentary about notebooks (Notebook.sav). Fit a model to test whether men and women differ in their reactions to different types of films.
Task 2: Compute omega squared for the effects in Task 1 and report the results of the analysis.
Task 1: I’ve wondered whether musical taste changes as you get older: my parents, for example, after years of listening to relatively cool music when I was a kid, hit their mid-forties and developed a worrying obsession with country and western. This possibility worries me immensely, because if
Task 8: In Chapter 10 we compared the number of mischievous acts (mischief2) in people who had invisibility cloaks to those without (cloak). Imagine we also had information about the baseline number of mischievous acts in these participants (mischief1). Fit a model to see whether people with
Task 7: Compare your results for Task 6 to those for the corresponding task in Chapter 11. What differences do you notice and why?
Task 6: In Chapter 4 (Task 6) we looked at data from people who had been forced to marry goats and dogs and measured their life satisfaction and also how much they like animals (Goat or Dog.sav). Fit a model predicting life satisfaction from the type of animal to which a person was married and
Task 5: The highlight of the elephant calendar is the annual elephant soccer event in Nepal (google search it). A heated argument burns between the African and Asian elephants. In 2010, the president of the Asian Elephant Football Association, an elephant named Boji, claimed that Asian elephants
Task 4: Compute effect sizes for Task 3 and report the results.
Task 3: A marketing manager tested the benefit of soft drinks for curing hangovers. He took 15 people and got them drunk. The next morning as they awoke, dehydrated and feeling as though they’d licked a camel’s sandy feet clean with their tongue, he gave five of them water to drink, five of
Task 2: Compute effect sizes for Task 1 and report the results.
Task 1: A few years back I was stalked. You’d think they could have found someone a bit more interesting to stalk, but apparently times were hard. It could have been a lot worse, but it wasn’t particularly pleasant. I imagined a world in which a psychologist tried two different therapies on
Task 9: A sociologist wanted to compare murder rates (Murder) each month in a year at three highprofile locations in London (Street). Fit a model with bootstrapping on the post hoc tests to see in which streets the most murders happened. The data are in Murder.sav.
Task 8: Repeat the analysis in Task 7 but using copulatory efficiency as the outcome.
Task 7: Labcoat Leni’s Real Research 7.2 describes an experiment (Çetinkaya & Domjan, 2006) on quails with fetishes for terrycloth objects. There were two outcome variables (time spent near the terrycloth object and copulatory efficiency) that we didn’t analyze. Read Labcoat Leni’s Real 974
Task 6: Using the Glastonbury data from Chapter 6 (GlastonburyFestival.sav), fit a model to see if the change in hygiene (change) is significant across people with different musical tastes (music). Do a simple contrast to compare each group against the no affiliation group. Compare the results to
Task 5: Mobile phones emit microwaves, and so holding one next to your brain for large parts of the day is a bit like sticking your brain in a microwave oven and pushing the ‘cook until well done’button. If we wanted to test this experimentally, we could get six groups of people and strap a
Task 4: In Chapter 7 (Section 7.6) there are some data looking at whether eating soya meals reduces your sperm count. Analyze these data with a linear model (ANOVA). What’s the difference between what you find and what was found in Section 7.6.5? Why do you think this difference has arisen?
Task 3: Children wearing superhero costumes are more likely to harm themselves because of the unrealistic impression of invincibility that these costumes could create. For example, children have reported to hospital with severe injuries because of trying ‘to initiate flight without having planned
Task 2: Compute the effect sizes for Task 1
Task 1: To test how different teaching methods affected students’ knowledge I took three statistics modules where I taught the same material. For one module I wandered around with a large cane and beat anyone who asked daft questions or got questions wrong (punish). In the second I encouraged
Task 9: Tablets like the iPad are very popular. A company owner was interested in how to make his brand of tablets more desirable. He collected data on how cool people perceived a product’s advertising to be (Advert_Cool), how cool they thought the product was (Product_Cool), and how desirable
Task 8: Using the GlastonburyDummy.sav data, for which we have already fitted the model, comment on whether you think the model is reliable and generalizable.
Task 7: Repeat the analysis in Task 6 but include animal liking in the first block, and type of animal in the second block. Do your conclusions about the relationship between type of animal and life satisfaction change?
Task 6: In Chapter 4 (Task 6) we looked at data from people who had been forced to marry goats and dogs and measured their life satisfaction as well as how much they like animals (Goat or Dog.sav). Fit a linear model predicting life satisfaction from the type of animal to which a person was
Task 5: Repeat the analysis in Task 4 but using the PROCESS tool to estimate the indirect effect and its confidence interval.
Task 4: In this chapter we tested a mediation model of infidelity for Lambert et al.’s data using Baron and Kenny’s regressions. Repeat this analysis but using Hook_Ups as the measure of 885 infidelity.
Task 3: McNulty et al. (2008) also found a relationship between a person’s Attractiveness and their relationship Satisfaction among newlyweds. Using the same data as in Tasks 1 and 2, find out if this relationship is moderated by gender.
Task 2: Produce the simple slopes graphs for Task 1.
Task 1: McNulty et al. (2008) found a relationship between a person’s Attractiveness and how much Support they give their partner among newlyweds. The data are in McNulty et al.(2008).sav. Is this relationship moderated by gender (i.e., whether the data were from the husband or wife)?17

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