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engineering
introduction mechanical engineering

Questions and Answers of Introduction Mechanical Engineering

In an isentropic process, change in heat energy = ______________.
The work done in a closed system is ________________.
In a free expansion process, change in internal energy is __________.
The free expansion process is also called constant ________ process.
Throttling process is a/an _____________ process.
In a throttling process, there is no change in _______________.
The work done in a steady flow process = ___________.
The work done in a steady flow isobaric pressure is _____________.
The work done in non-flow and flow processes is equal for the _____________ case.
The earth can be taken to be an inertial reference frame.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
Systems undergoing mechanical vibrations are not subject to nuclear reactions is an example of an explicit assumption.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If
A basic law of nature is proven only empirically.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
The point of application of surface forces is anywhere in the body.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
The number of degrees of freedom necessary to model a mechanical system is not unique.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to
Distributed parameter systems are another name for discrete systems.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
The Buckingham Pi theorem is used to predict how many non-dimensional variables are used in a dimensionless formulation of a dimensional relationship.Indicate whether the statement presented is true
A rigid body undergoing planar motion has at most three degrees of freedom.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the statement to make it
A particle traveling in a circular path has a velocity which is in the direction of the radius.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the
The principle of work and energy is derived from Newton's second law integrated over time.Indicate whether the statement presented is true or false. If true, state why. If false, rewrite the
What is the continuum assumption, and what does it imply?
What is the difference between explicit and implicit assumptions?
How are constitutive equations used in vibrations modeling?
What is a free-body diagram (FBD)? How is it used in modeling mechanical systems?
What does the following equation represent \(x(t)=X \sin (\omega t+\phi)\)
In the equation of Problem 1.15 define(a) \(X\),(b) \(\omega\), and(c) \(\phi\).Equation From Problem 1.15: \(x(t)=X \sin (\omega t+\phi)\)
The phase angle for a mechanical system is calculated as \(26^{\circ}\). Does the response lead or lag a pure sinusoid?
What is the distinction between a particle and a rigid body?
What are the criteria for a rigid body to undergo planar motion?
The acceleration of a particle traveling in a circular path has two components. What are they?
Particle \(A\) and particle \(B\) are fixed particles on a rigid body undergoing planar motion. Describe the motion of particle \(B\) by an observer fixed at particle \(A\).
How is the equation \(\sum \mathbf{F}=\mathbf{m a}\) applied to a vibrating particle?
What are the effective forces for a rigid body undergoing planar motion?
The kinetic energy of a rigid body undergoing planar motion consists of two terms. What are they? What does each represent?
State the principle of impulse and momentum.
How many degrees of freedom are required to model the system of Figures SP 1.26? Identify a set of generalized coordinates which can be used to analyze the system's motion for each system. w FIGURE
How many degrees of freedom are required to model the system of Figures SP 1.27? Identify a set of generalized coordinates which can be used to analyze the system's motion for each system. WE FIGURE
How many degrees of freedom are required to model the system of Figures SP 1.28? Identify a set of generalized coordinates which can be used to analyze the system's motion for each system. TWE FIGURE
How many degrees of freedom are required to model the system of Figures SP 1.29? Identify a set of generalized coordinates which can be used to analyze the system's motion for each system. FIGURE SP
How many degrees of freedom are required to model the system of Figures SP 1.30? Identify a set of generalized coordinates which can be used to analyze the system's motion for each system. FIGURE SP
How many degrees of freedom are required to model the system of Figures SP 1.31? Identify a set of generalized coordinates which can be used to analyze the system's motion for each system. .fomm www
How many degrees of freedom are required to model the system of Figures SP 1.32? Identify a set of generalized coordinates which can be used to analyze the system's motion for each system. FIGURE SP
How many degrees of freedom are required to model the system of Figures SP 1.33? Identify a set of generalized coordinates which can be used to analyze the system's motion for each system. Arm
A particle has a uniform acceleration of \(2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\). If the particle starts from rest at \(t=0\).(a) Determine the velocity of the particle at \(t=5 \mathrm{~s}\).(b)
A particle starts at the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system and moves with a velocity vector \(v=2 \cos 2 t \mathbf{i}+3 \sin 2 t \mathbf{j}+0.4 \mathbf{k} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\).(a)
A particle is traveling in a circular path of radius \(3 \mathrm{~m}\). The particle starts at \(\theta=0\) at \(t=0\) and has a constant speed of \(2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\).(a) Where is the
A rigid body of mass \(2 \mathrm{~kg}\) undergoes planar motion. At a given instant, the acceleration of its mass center is \((5 \mathbf{i}+3 \mathbf{j}) \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\), and it rotates
The velocity of a particle of mass \(0.1 \mathrm{~kg}\) is \((9 \mathbf{i}+11 \mathbf{j}) \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\). Calculate the kinetic energy of the particle.
The velocity of the mass center of a rigid body of mass \(3 \mathrm{~kg}\) undergoing planar motion is \((3 \mathbf{i}+4 \mathbf{j}) \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\). The mass center is \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\)
The kinetic energy of a body that rotates about its centroidal axis is \(100 \mathrm{~J}\). The centroidal mass moment of inertia is \(0.03 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\). Calculate the angular
The speed of the mass center of a rigid body undergoing planar motion of mass \(5 \mathrm{~kg}\) is \(4 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\). It rotates about the \(z\) axis with a clockwise angular velocity
An impulsive force of magnitude \(12,000 \mathrm{~N}\) is applied to a particle for \(0.03 \mathrm{~s}\). What is the total impulse imparted by this force?
The force of Figure SP1.43 is applied to a particle of mass \(3 \mathrm{~kg}\) at rest in equilibrium.(a) What is the total impulse imparted to the particle?(b) What is the velocity of the particle
A particle of mass \(2 \mathrm{~kg}\) is subject to a constant force of \(6 \mathrm{~N}\), as shown in Figure SP1.44. How far has the particle traveled after \(10 \mathrm{~s}\) if the particle's
Match the quantity with the appropriate units (units may be used more than once, and some units may not be used).(a) acceleration, \(a\)(i) \(\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{s}\)(b) velocity, \(v\)(ii)
There are three general categories of capital budget scenarios: replacement, expansion, and investment in a NewCo. Describe the overall decision-making context for each. How do they draw on similar
The overall process of creating a capital budget proposal has a lot of similarities to writing a business plan for a start-up company. Describe three aspects of the similarities between a budget
In analysis, some focus seems to be on the need for NPV equations to be applied to projects that are mutually exclusive. But in practice we find that the lines are blurred in capital budgeting.
In capital budgeting, a distinction has been made regarding the process of "assessment" as being distinctively different than "evaluation." What is the difference and why is it important?
If bond money tends to be the least expensive cost of capital, why do we bother with the WACC in project analysis? It seems like the cost of equity is hard to estimate, and maybe we are just guessing
In developing a capital budgeting portfolio, there are times when a project with a lower return is squeezed in to the budget but a higher-return project is excluded. How can this be fair? Wouldn't
In ranking projects with the NPV criterion, there are situations where a short-term high cost of capital project is more favorable than a long-term low cost of capital project. Does this make sense?
Assigning an MARR seems more like an art than a science. How, then, is the assignment of MARR meaningful?
In evaluating projects of unequal lives, what are some of the limitations of the "repeatability analysis" that might be cause for concern?
What is the difference in the reinvestment assumption of NPV and IRR, and what might be the limitation of those strategies in selection of capital equipment?
Suppose that changes in the economy are making investors more risk-adverse. How would this affect the WACC (through the cost of debt and the cost of equity)?
As discussed in Section 9.2.4, WACC is popular and routinely used in a variety of capital budgeting situations. It seems, though, that the factor is not without controversy. What are some of the
Examine the MARR values listed in Table 9.2, and provide some reasonable explanations for at least 2 of the project types and corresponding MARR values. Try to find an article in the current business
Select an article from the current press related to the after-tax cost of debt and explain what effect this might have on company financing goals.
Szechwan Gardens, Inc. florist chain has a tax rate of $40 \%$, and they have some bonds outstanding (from an earlier store expansion) with a yield of $8 \%$. The CFO determined that the "best"
In the capital budgeting discussion of Section 9.2.7, the scoring of project criteria in Table 9.3, seems somewhat arbitrary. Wouldn't it be easy to manipulate the scoring to "fix" the scale so that
Does it seem odd that ROI can have several limitations and it is the basis for prioritizing projects in Figure 9.2? Why or why not? Expected Project ROI 30% 20% 10% MARR Floor $10M Investment Ceiling
The project criteria outlined in Table 9.5 was provided for a sample problem. What other criteria might be a useful part of the more general case of project portfolio management? Project criteria
To build out a complete set of services, a lab manager would like to add a small e-beam deposition machine that costs about $\$ 60,000$ to be more full-service to the lab customers as well as adding
For Problem 9.19 a special "Tiger Team" has identified a different use for the $\$ 60 \mathrm{~K}$ that involves an incremental profit and cash flow (before tax and depreciation allowance) of $\$
If a firm always uses retained earning to fund capital equipment, then is the cost of capital irrelevant? Why or why not?
In replacement problems the "life" of an asset is defined three ways. What are the three types, and why is the difference important?
Szechwan Gardens, Inc. has been thinking about further expansion of the business. They have $\$ 40,000$ available to spend. If the required rate of return is $9 \%$, which of the following should be
Early Stage Venture Partners has been presented with four investment proposals and they have $\$ 12,000$ left in their venture fund. If the required rate of return is $25 \%$, which of the following
Projects A and B are being considered by a firm with an MARR of $18 \%$; the VP has emphasized that the projects are mutually exclusive (the other 2 VPs don't seem to think it matters) and that he
Projects A, B, and C are being considered by a firm with a MARR of $18 \%$. The company has lagged competitors for years, and changes in the FDA regulations means something must be done soon.
A decision must be made between two very high-technology projects, Project $\mathrm{X}$ and Project $\mathrm{Y}$, both with a very short life of 3 years and each having the same cost of $\$ 9,499$.
Three mutually exclusive projects all have the same life of 5 years and the MARR is $10 \%$. Is there a difference in selection outcome if rate of return or present worth is used in the analysis?
Let's assume Bethesda Imaging, Inc. has $\$ 30$ million cash on the balance sheet. Executives at the annual board meeting passed on any of the investments from the prior year, and correctly
Which of the alternatives described below is more economical if(a) the assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis,(b) the tax rate is $40 \%$, and(c) the after-tax MARR is $6 \%$ ?1. How does
Tax credits enabled and persuaded a company to invest in a new single material 3-D prototyping machine. A year after the system was up and running, two-material 3-D prototyping became the rage, and
A deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) system with an expected life of 10 years was purchased 5 years ago for $\$ 175,000$ and currently has a market value of $\$ 92,500$. Predicted operational costs the
Discussion questions.1. Provide several examples of "intangible" assets.2. Is it possible for Working Capital to be negative? Retained Earnings? Why?3. The liquidity of assets is important to
Roxanne Chester graduated from dental school in May 2013 and has decided to launch a practice called "Surf Smiles, Inc." Her family thinks she should join an existing practice since she will have to
Sarah Vandenberg has started a website business since her brother Todd has opened an successful garage called Toddies Gear Guys, and now Sarah wants to be an entrepreneur, too. Below are the events
Ian McMahon opens a solar-powered moped rental business near a college campus. He is the sole owner of the proprietorship, named Campus Motor Bikes. Transactions for the first month of operations,
In Section 6.2.3, we made the comment "Perception is reality." How does this play in the valuation of a tangible versus intangible asset? 6.2.3 Politics to explore Our roadmap for this chapter would
Table 6.9 provided the outcome of an early stage investment in Bethesda Imaging, Inc.. The equity stake of the co-founders has dropped but their wealth has increased. How can that happen?Table 6.9
Trade secrets do not have to be novel, be non-obvious, or have utility. If that is the case, then what is the economic advantage to a trade secret?
Valuation of an intangible asset can be a challenging task. Of the three valuation methods described in Section 6.3.6, why was the income approach recommended? Do you agree? Why? 6.3.6 Valuation of
What is goodwill and how is it distinctively different from other intangible assets?
Stock valuation for Bethesda Imaging, Inc. was described in the context of "real" versus "financial" markets. What is the significance of the different markets and how does it affect stock price?
It has been proposed that patent protection is a limited monopoly provided by governments to meet economic development objectives for the "greater good" of a nation's economy. Explain, being sure to
There has been a scenario depicted whereby, post-AIA, there will be a preference for trade secrets over patents. Why?
Is "goodwill" a legitimate entry on a balance sheet? Under what conditions does it arise? Provide an example from the current press where goodwill has been enhanced or impaired.
Despite IP representing an intangible asset, several approaches exist to valuation: market, cost-based, and income-based methods are common. Compare and contrast the methods and suggest reasons why

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