Questions and Answers of Using Interpreting Statistics

About 9% of nurses are men and about 34% of nurses have bachelor’s degrees. Assuming these two events are independent, what is the probability that the next nurse you meet is a man with a
Given that both A and B have probabilities that are greater than .00 and less than 1.00, arrange the following in order from low to high:p(A), p(A or B), and p(A and B).
If sample size is held constant, how does the size of the population standard deviation affect the size of the standard error of the mean?
Assume that there is an animal intelligence test. A psychologist administers it to a representative sample of cats and a representative sample of dogs. Both species turn out to be, on average,
The normal curve is symmetrical, has the highest point in the ____, and has frequencies that ____ as one moves away from the midpoint.
Given a z score, it is possible to turn it into a raw score as long as one knows the sample ____ and ____.
Because the normal curve is symmetric, the midpoint is also the ____ and the ____.
In a normal curve, 34.13% of the cases fall from the mean to ____ above the mean.
As one moves away from the mean in a normal distribution, the percentage of cases that fall in each standard deviation ____.
Within 2 standard deviations of the mean in a normal distribution, about ____% of the cases fall.
In a normal distribution, it is ____ to have a z score that is greater than 3.
Three numbers that are good to remember for estimating areas in a normal distribution are ____, ____, and ____.
The normal distribution is a naturally occurring distribution that is the result of ____ processes.
Most psychological variables are considered to be ____.
Appendix Table 1 slices the normal distribution into segments that are ____ z score units wide.
The area that falls above a positive z score is the same as the area that falls ____ a negative z score.
The area that falls from the mean to a positive z score is ____ as the area from the mean to the same value as a negative z score.
The area that falls from the mean to a negative z score can’t exceed ____%.
The area that falls below a negative z score will always be ____ 50%.
One can use the z score table in reverse, to find a ____ when given a percentile rank.
A percentile rank tells the percentage of cases whose scores are ____ a given level.
In a normal distribution, the percentile rank at the ____ is 50.
The middle 16% of scores in a normal distribution consist of ____% just above the mean and ____% just below the mean.
The extreme 6% of scores in a normal distribution consist of ____% in each tail of the distribution.
If M = 7, s = 2, and X = 9.5, what is z?
If X = 17.34, s = 5.45, and M = 24.88, what is z?
If z = 1.45, s = 3.33, and M = 12.75, what is X?
If s = 25, M = 150, and z = −0.75, what is X?
If John’s score on an IQ test is 73, what is his score as a z score? (For this and subsequent IQ questions, use a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.)
If Ebony’s score on an IQ test is 113, what is her score as a z score?
Chantelle’s score on an IQ test, expressed as a z score, is 0. What was her score?
Sven’s score on an IQ test, expressed as a z score, is −.38. What was his score?
Hillary’s score on the math subtest of the SAT was 620. On a spelling test (M = 60, s = 15), she got a 72. Is she better at math or spelling? (On subtests of the SAT, the mean is 500 and the
Jong-Il was feeling depressed and anxious. His therapist gave him a depression test (M =10, s = 3, higher scores mean more depression) and an anxiety inventory (M = 80, s = 25, higher scores mean
What percentage of scores in a normal distribution fall at or above a z score of 1.34?
What percentage of cases in a normal distribution fall at or below a z score of 2.34?
What percentage of cases in a normal distribution fall at or above a z score of −0.85?
What percentage of scores in a normal distribution fall at or below a z score of −2.57?
What percentage of scores in a normal distribution fall from the mean to a z score of −1.96?
What percentage of cases in a normal distribution fall from the mean to a z score of 2.58?
The mean diastolic blood pressure in the United States is 77, with a standard deviation of 11. If diastolic blood pressure is normally distributed and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 or higher is
The average American male is 5′ 9″. The standard deviation for height is 3″. If a basketball coach only wants to have American men on his team who are at least 6′ 6″, what percentage of the
If z = −2.12, what is the score as a percentile rank?
What is the percentile rank for a z score of 1.57?
If Gabrielle’s score on an IQ test is 113, what is her score as a percentile rank?
Werner’s score on an SAT subtest was 480. What is his score as a percentile rank?
Justin’s score as a percentile rank on an SAT subtest was 88.5. What is his score on the SAT subtest?
Assume systolic blood pressure is normally distributed, with a mean of 124 and a standard deviation of 16. Sarita’s systolic blood pressure, as a percentile rank, is 20. What is her
What are the z scores associated with the middle 10% of scores?
What are the z scores associated with the middle 54% of scores?
What are the IQ scores associated with the middle 84% of scores?
What are the IQ scores associated with the middle 61% of scores?
What are the z scores associated with the extreme 4% of scores?
What are the z scores associated with the extreme 18% of scores?
What are the SAT subtest scores associated with the extreme 15% of scores?
What are the SAT subset scores associated with the extreme 8% of scores?
What is the standard deviation of a set of z scores?
Answer this without consulting Appendix Table 1. In a normal distribution, does a higher percentage of scores fall between z scores of 1.1 and 1.2, or between z scores of 2.1 and 2.2?a. 1.1 and 1.2b.
A researcher obtained a set of scores and has made a frequency polygon for the distribution.The distribution is symmetric, has the highest percentage of scores occurring at the midpoint, and the
Marilyn vos Savant claims that her IQ was once measured at 228 and that she is the smartest person in the world. (vos Savant is a real person and writes a weekly column for Parade magazine.) Let’s
A researcher wants to study people who are very jealous. She believes that jealousy is normally distributed. She uses a jealousy scale that has a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 25. She
A researcher has a sample of five cases. She has used the sample mean and sample standard deviation to calculate z scores. Four of the z scores are 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00. What is the missing z
The sum of z scores for a data set is ____.
If a raw score is right at the mean, it has a z score of ____.
A positive z score means the score is ____ the mean; a negative z score means the score is ____ the mean.
To calculate a z score, one needs to know the raw score, the ____, and the ____.
____ is another term for standard score.
A standard score is a ____ score expressed in terms of how many standard deviations it is away from the mean.
A meteorologist measured the temperature every 2 hours for a day in January and for a day in June. Here are the temperatures, in degrees Fahrenheit, for the January day: 23, 22, 21, 21, 23, 27, 28,
A researcher takes two samples, one with N = 10 and the other with N = 100, from the same population.a. Which sample, N = 10 or N = 100, will have to correct s2 less in order to approximate the
Select the appropriate measure of central tendency for each scenario:a. A researcher obtains a sample of men who have been married for seven years and asks them to rate their levels of marital
A researcher has a set of positive numbers. No numbers are duplicates. The mean is greater than the median. Which of the following statements is true? a. It is likely that more of the numbers
A teacher has a set of 200 numbers where the mean is dramatically greater than the median. What does this suggest about the shape of the distribution?a. The distribution is probably normal.b. The
A librarian measured the number of pages in five books. No two had the same number of pages. Here are the results from four of the books: 150, 100, 210, and 330. Using the counting method, he
Calculate s for these data, which have a mean of 3.30: 1.4, 2.2, 4.5, 4.1, and 4.3.
Calculate s for these data, which have a mean of 37.20: 24, 36, 42, 50, and 34.
If s2 = 256.38, what is s?
If s2 = 6.55, what is s?
An interval-level measure was obtained on five cases. Their raw scores were 108.5, 95.5, 98.0, 112.0, and 112.5. Calculate s2.
An interval-level measure was obtained on a sample of four cases. Their raw scores were 21, 18, 12, and 9. Calculate s2.
A nurse practitioner took a sample of five people from the population of people with high blood pressure and measured their systolic blood pressures as 140, 144, 148, 156, and 162 with a mean of
A clinical psychologist took a sample of four people from the population of people with anxiety disorders and gave them an interval-level anxiety scale. Their scores were 57, 60, 67, and 68 with a
Given this data set (12, 9, 15, 13 and 11) with a mean of 12.00, find the following: (a) N,(b) Σ (X − M),(c) Σ (X − M)2.
A researcher obtained a sample from a population and measured an interval-level variable on each case. Here are the values he obtained: 47, 53, 67, 45, and 38. He found M = 50.00. Find the
a. Find the range for the data in Exercise 3.41.b. Which is a better measure of variability to report, the range or the interquartile range? Why?Data from problem exercise 3.41Find the median and the
Here is a listing, to the nearest million dollars, of the total payrolls for the 30 Major League baseball teams in 2009.a. Calculate the range.b. Which is a better measure of variability to report,
Find the median and the mode for the following data:30, 30, 32, 33, 35, 35, 38, 41, 42, 43, 45, 45, 48, 49, 50, 50, 50, 51, 52, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 55, 55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 62, 64, 65, 66, 66, 67,
Find the median and the mode for the following data:65, 66, 66, 70, 71, 72, 72, 72, 78, 83, 85, 86, 87, 87, 88, 88, 92, 93, 95, 95, 99, 100, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 103, 104, 108, 111, 113, 118,
Given the following interval-level numbers, calculate the mean:0.13, 0.28, 0.42, 0.36, and 0.26.
Given the following ratio-level numbers, calculate the mean:80, 88, 76, 65, 59, and 77.
An educational psychologist was teaching a graduate seminar with seven students. He was curious to know if the amount of sleep had an impact on performance. On the first exam, he asked how many hours
A cardiologist wanted to measure the increase in heart rate in response to pain. She directed healthy volunteers to immerse their dominant hands into a bucket of ice water for 1 minute. Here are the
A cognitive psychologist at a state university noted whether her research participants had been raised in a non-English–speaking household (0), an English only–speaking household (1), or a
An industrial/organizational psychologist measured the number of errors seven research participants made in a driving simulator while talking on their cellphones. Here are her data:12, 6, 5, 4, 4, 3,
If s for one set of data is 12.98 and it is 18.54 for a second set of data, then the first set of data has ____ variability than the second.
The first step in calculating a sample variance is to calculate a ____ for each case.
The abbreviation for sample variance is ____; for sample standard deviation, it is ____.
Sample values of variance and standard deviation are ____ so they are better approximations of the ____ values.
If the standard deviation is small, then the scores fall relatively close to the ____.
____ is the abbreviation for population standard deviation.

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