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schaums outline of college physics

Questions and Answers of Schaums Outline Of College Physics

Compute the focal length of a lens that will give an erect image 10 cm from the lens when the object distance from the lens is (a) 200 cm, (b) Very great.
A luminous object and a screen are 12.5 m apart. What are the position and focal length of the lens that will throw upon the screen an image of the object magnified 24 times?
A plano-concave lens has a spherical surface of radius 12 cm, and its focal length is -22.2 cm. Compute the refractive index of the lens material.
A convex-concave lens has faces of radii 3.0 and 4.0 cm, respectively, and is made of glass of refractive index 1.6. Determine (a) Its focal length and (b) The linear magnification of the image
A double convex glass lens (n = 1.50) has faces of radius 8 cm each. Compute its focal length in air and when immersed in water (n = 1.33).
Two thin lenses, of focal lengths +12 and -30 cm, are in contact. Compute the focal length and power of the combination.
What must be the focal length of a third thin lens, placed in close contact with two thin lenses of 16 cm and -23 cm focal length, to produce a lens with -12 cm focal length?
A nearsighted person named George cannot see distinctly objects beyond 80 cm from the eye. What is the power in diopters of the spectacle lenses that will enable him to see distant objects clearly?
A farsighted person named Amy cannot see clearly objects closer to the eye than 75 cm. Determine the power of the spectacle lenses which will enable her to read type at a distance of 25 cm.
A single thin projection lens of focal length 30 cm throws an image of a 2.0 cm × 3.0 cm slide onto a screen 10 m from the lens. Compute the dimensions of the image.
An old camera produces a clear image of a distant landscape when the thin lens is 8 cm from the film. What adjustment is required to get a good photograph of a map placed 72 cm from the lens?
With a given illumination and film, the correct exposure for a camera lens set at f/12 is (1/5) s. What is the proper exposure time with the lens working at f/4?
Two positive lenses, having focal lengths of +2.0 cm and +5.0 cm, are 14 cm apart as shown in Fig. 39-2. An object AB is placed 3.0 cm in front of the +2.0 lens. Determine the position and
An engraver who has normal eyesight uses a converging lens of focal length 8.0 cm, which he holds very close to his eye. At what distance from the work should the lens be placed, and what is the
In the compound microscope shown in Fig. 39-3, the objective and eyepiece have focal lengths of +0.80 and +2.5 cm, respectively. The real intermediate image A'B' formed by the objective is 16 cm from
The telephoto lens shown in Fig. 39-4 consists of a converging lens of focal length +6.0 cm placed 4.0 cm in front of a diverging lens of focal length -2.5 cm. (a) Locate the image of a very distant
A microscope has two interchangeable objective lenses (3.0 mm and 7.0 mm) and two interchangeable eyepieces (3.0 cm and 5.0 cm). What magnifications can be obtained with the microscope if it is
Derive an expression for the center-to-center separation between successive bright bands in Young’s experiment. Explain your result.
What is the wavelength of light in which the photons have an energy of 600 eV?
What must be the wavelength of a photon if it is to have the same momentum as an electron traveling at 2.2 km/s?
What is the energy of the least energetic photon that can result in photoemission from a lead target?
A certain sodium lamp radiates 20 W of yellow light (λ = 589 nm). How many photons of the yellow light are emitted from the lamp each second?
What is the work function of sodium metal if the photoelectric threshold wavelength is 680 nm?
Determine the maximum KE of photoelectrons ejected from a potassium surface by ultraviolet radiation of wavelength 200 nm. What retarding potential difference is required to stop the emission of
With what speed will the fastest photoelectrons be emitted from a surface whose threshold wavelength is 600 nm, when the surface is illuminated with light of wavelength 4 × 10-7 m?
Electrons with a maximum KE of 3.00 eV are ejected from a metal surface by ultraviolet radiation of wavelength 150 nm. Determine the work function of the metal, the threshold wavelength of the metal,
What are the speed and momentum of a 500-nm photon?
An X-ray beam with a wavelength of exactly 5.00 × 10-14 m strikes a proton that is at rest (m = 1.67 × 10-27 kg). If the X-rays are scattered through an angle of 110°, what is the wavelength of
Show that the de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated from rest through a potential difference of V volts isnm. Ignore relativistic effects and take a look at Problem 42.13.Problem 42.13An
A photon produces an electron and a positron, each of which has a kinetic energy of 220 keV even when they are separated by a great distance. Find the energy and wavelength of the photon.
Compute the de Broglie wavelength of an electron that has been accelerated through a potential difference of 9.0 kV. Ignore relativistic effects.
What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron that has been accelerated through a potential difference of 1.0 MV? (You must use the relativistic mass and energy expressions at this high energy.)
It is proposed to send a beam of electrons through a diffraction grating. The electrons have a speed of 400 m/s. How large must the distance between slits be if a strong beam of electrons is to
What wavelength does a hydrogen atom emit as its excited electron descends from the n = 5 state to the n = 2 state? Give your answer to three significant figures.
When a hydrogen atom is bombarded, the atom may be raised into a higher energy state. As the excited electron falls back to the lower energy levels, light is emitted. What are the three
The series limit wavelength of the Balmer series is emitted as the electron in the hydrogen atom falls from the n = ∞ state to the n = 2 state. What is the wavelength of this line (to three
What is the greatest wavelength (lowest frequency) of radiation that will ionize unexcited hydrogen atoms?
The energy levels for singly ionized helium atoms (atoms from which one of the two electrons has been removed) are given by En = (-54.4/n2) eV. Construct the energy-level diagram for this system.
What are the two longest wavelengths of the Balmer series for singly ionized helium atoms?
Unexcited hydrogen atoms are bombarded with electrons that have been accelerated through 12.0 V. What wavelengths will the atoms emit?
Unexcited hydrogen gas is an electrical insulator because it contains no free electrons. What maximum-wavelength photon beam incident on the gas can cause the gas to conduct electricity?
A bright yellow sodium emission line has a wavelength of 587.561 8 nm. Determine the difference between the atom’s two energy levels defining the transition. Give your answer in eV to four
Derive the expressionfor the radius of the nth electron orbit where h = h/2π. rn=n²ħ²/m₂koe² n = 1, 2, 3, ... (43.9)
Molecules have low-energy vibration modes, and they can make transitions from one such state to another that result in the emission of infrared radiant energy. Suppose two such states are separated
When n = 1 in Eq. (43.9), we get the radius of the lowest energy orbit (the ground state orbit) called the Bohr radius. Numerically that’s.Using Eq. (43.9), show that the diameter of a hydrogen
Show that for the hydrogen atom as described by the Bohr model, the allowed orbital radii are given byBy the way, here n is known as the principal quantum number. rn = n²r₁ n=1, 2, 3, ... (43.11)
Show that for the hydrogen atom as described by the Bohr model, the classical KE of the electronis given by G;mov;)
In the Bohr theory the total energy of the orbiting electron, En, equals the sum of the electron’s KE plus its PE, where from Coulomb’s Law, PE = -k0e2/rn. Show thatThe minus sign arises because
In the Bohr theory the total energy of the orbiting electron is En. Show thatThe minus sign arises because this is a bound state and the PE is negative. E₁=-2π²k₂e¹m₂/h² n² n = 1, 2,
Verify Eq. (43.3). En = 13.6 2 n - eV (43.3)
Estimate the energy required to remove an n = 1 (i.e., inner-shell) electron from a gold atom (Z = 79).
Why is sodium (Z = 11) the next univalent atom after lithium?
What is the binding energy of the atom 12C?
What element is specified by A = 18 and N = 10?
Given that Po-210 decays via alpha emission, determine the resulting daughter nucleus.
Plutonium-239 decays by alpha emission. Write out the equation from the process.
Astatine-215 has a half-life of 100 μs. Determine the decay constant (λ).
By how much does the mass of a heavy nucleus change when it emits a 4.8-MeV gamma ray?
Cesium-124 has a half-life of 31 s. What fraction of a cesium- 124 sample will remain after 0.10 h?
To examine the structure of a nucleus, pointlike particles with de Broglie wavelengths below about 10−16 m must be used. Through how large a potential difference must an electron fall to have this
Iodine-131 has a half-life of about 8.0 days. When consumed in food, it localizes in the thyroid. Suppose 7.0 percent of the 131I localizes in the thyroid and that 20 percent of its disintegrations
A beam of 5.0 MeV alpha particles (q = 2e) has a cross-sectional area of 1.50 cm2. It is incident on flesh (ρ = 950 kg/m3) and penetrates to a depth of 0.70 mm. (a) What dose (in Gy) does the beam
During a soccer game a ball (of mass 0.425 kg), which is initially at rest, is kicked by one of the players. The ball moves off at a speed of 26 m/s. Given that the impact lasted for 8.0 ms, what was
Typically, a tennis ball hit during a serve travels away at about 51 m/s. If the ball is at rest mid-air when struck, and it has a mass of 0.058 kg, what is the change in its momentum on leaving the
A force of 1000 N is applied to a small space satellite for a time of 10.0 minutes. If the craft has a mass of 200 kg, what will be its final speed?
Suppose the ball in the previous problem is in contact with the wall for 1.1 ms. What average force does the wall exert on the ball?
In Fig. 25-3, the potential difference between the metal plates in air is 40 V. (a) Which plate is at the higher potential? (b) How much work must be done to carry a +3.0 C charge from B to A? From
Two small spheres in vacuum are 1.5 m apart center-to-center. They carry identical charges. Approximately how large is the charge on each if each sphere experiences a force of 2 N?
Repeat Problem 24.1 if the spheres are separated by a center tocenter distance of 1.5 m in a large vat of water. The dielectric constant of water is about 80.Problem 24.1Two small spheres in vacuum
Three point charges in vacuum are placed on the x-axis in Fig. 24-1. Find the net force on the −5 μC charge due to the two other charges. 3.0 uC 20 cm FE3 -5.0 μC 30 cm Fig. 24-1 8.0 μC +
In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, an electron (q = −e) circles a proton (q′ = e) in an orbit of radius 5.3 × 10−11 m. The attraction between the proton and electron furnishes the
Illustrated in Fig. 24-2, are two identical balls in vaccuum, each of mass 0.10 g. They carry identical charges and are suspended by two threads of equal length. At equilibrium they position
Find the ratio of the Coulomb electric force FE to the gravitational force FG between two electrons in vacuum.
The charges represented in Fig. 24-3 are held stationary in vaccum. Find the force on the 4.0 μC charge due to the other two. + 2.0 μC 20 cm 60° F, E3 60% + 4.0 μC/ FE2 60° Fig. 24-3 20
Two small charged spheres are placed in vacuum on the x-axis: +3.0 μC at x = 0 and −5.0 μC at x = 40 cm. Where must a third charge q be placed if the force it experiences is to be zero?
Compute (a) The electric field E in air at a distance of 30 cm from a point charge q•1 = 5.0 × 10−9 C, (b) The force on a charge q•2 = 4.0 × 10−10 C placed 30 cm from q•1, and (c) The
The situation depicted in Fig. 24-5 is that of two tiny charged spheres separated by 10.0 cm in air. Find (a) The electric field E at point P, (b) The force on a −4.0 × 10−8 C charge placed at
A helium nucleus has a charge of +2e, and a neon nucleus has a charge of +10e, where e is the quantum of charge, 1.60 × 10−19 C. Find the repulsive force exerted on one by the other when they are
Three charges are placed on three corners of a square, as shown in Fig. 24-6. Each side of the square is 30.0 cm and the arrangement is in air. Computeat the fourth corner. What would be the force on
Suppose in Fig. 24-7 an electron is shot straight upward from point-P with a speed of 5.0 × 106 m/s. How far above A will it strike the positive plate? + + + + + E = 3000 N/C 15 cm Fig. 24-7 P
Two charged metal plates in vacuum are 15 cm apart as drawn in Fig. 24-7. The electric field between the plates is uniform and has a strength of E = 3000 N/C. An electron (q = −e, me = 9.1 ×
Determine the acceleration of a proton (q = +e, m = 1.67 × 10−27 kg) immersed in an electric field of strength 0.50 kN/C in vacuum. How many times is this acceleration greater than that due to
The tiny sphere at the end of the weightless thread illustrated in Fig. 24-8 has a mass of 0.60 g. It is immersed in air and exposed to a horizontal electric field of strength 700 N/C. The ball is in
A small, 0.60-g ball in air carries a charge of magnitude 8.0 μC. It is suspended by a vertical thread in a downward 300 N/C electric field. What is the tension in the thread if the charge on the
An electron (q = −e, me = 9.1 × 10−31 kg) is projected out along the +x-axis in vacuum with an initial speed of 3.0 × 106 m/s. It goes 45 cm and stops due to a uniform electric field in the
A particle of mass m and charge −e while in a region of vacuum is projected with horizontal speed υ into an electric field (E) directed downward. Find (a) The horizontal and vertical components
In Fig. 24-7 a proton (q• = +e, m = 1.67 × 10−27 kg) is shot with a speed of 2.00 × 105 m/s toward P from A. What will be its speed just before hitting the plate at P? + + + + + A E = 3000
Two identical tiny metal balls in air have charges q1 and q2. The repulsive force one exerts on the other when they are 20 cm apart is 1.35 × 10−4 N. After the balls are touched together and then
Imagine two separated tiny interacting uniformly charged spheres. What happens to the electrostatic force on each of them if the charge on one is doubled?
A small conducting sphere carries a uniform charge of 200 nC. It is surrounded by water at 20 °C. Determine the magnitude of the electric field 10.00 cm away.
Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a point 25.0 cm to the left of a tiny sphere carrying a uniform charge of −500 nC. The entire space is filled with methanol at 20 °C.
Two +400-nC point charges are in vacuum separated by 20.0 cm. Determine the electric field at a point midway between the charges.
Two point charges, one +400.0 nC and the other −400.0 nC, located 20.00 cm to the right of the first, are in vacuum. Determine the electric field (magnitude and direction) at a point midway between
Four equal-magnitude (4.0 μC) charges in vacuum are placed at the four corners of a square that is 20 cm on each side. Find the electric field at the center of the square (a) If the charges are all
A 0.200-g ball in air hangs from a thread in a uniform vertical electric field of 3.00 kN/C directed upward. What is the charge on the ball if the tension in the thread is (a) Zero and (b) 4.00 mN?
The currents are steady in the circuit of Fig. 29-4. Find I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, and the charge on the capacitor. 3.0 Ω 90 V με 2.0 Ω Is 5.0 με 4₁ όμο 8.0 V yho 7.0 V Fig. 29-4 C I 4.0 Ω Μ h
A cell has an emf of 1.54 V. When it is in series with a 1.0-Ω resistance, the reading of a voltmeter connected across the cell terminals is 1.40 V. Determine the cell’s internal resistance.
The internal resistance of a 6.4-V storage battery is 4.8 mΩ. What is the theoretical maximum current on short circuit? (In practice the leads and connections have some resistance, and this
Compute the cost per hour at 8.0 ¢ / kW · h of electrically heating a room, if it requires 1.0 kg/h of anthracite coal having a heat of combustion of 8000 kcal/kg.
A narrow germanium rod has a cross-sectional area of 1.00 cm2 and a length of 25.0 cm. Determine its resistance at ≈20 °C. SUBSTANCE Aluminum Brass Constantan (60% Cu, 40% Ni) Copper Iron Manganin

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