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quality management

Quality Improvement 9th Edition Dale Besterfield - Solutions

44. A utility company will not use coal with a sulfur content of more than 2.25%. Based on the histogram of Exercise 30, what percent of the coal is in that category?
45. The population mean of a company’s racing bicycles is 9.07 kg (20.0 lb) with a population standard deviation of 0.40 kg. If the distribution is approximately normal, determine (a) the percentage of bicycles less than 8.30 kg,(b) the percentage of bicycles greater than 10.00 kg, and(c) the
46. If the mean time to clean a motel room is 16.0 min and the standard deviation is 1.5 min, what percentage of the rooms will take less than 13.0 min to complete?What percentage of the rooms will take more than 20.0 min to complete? What percentage of the rooms will take between 13.0 and 20.5 min
Using the EXCEL program file with the file name Weibull , determine the normality of Exercises 50(a), 50(b), and 50(c).
16. Using the data of Exercise 9, construct:a. A polygonb. An ogive
9. The relative strengths of 150 silver solder welds are tested, and the results are given in the following table.Tally these figures and arrange them in a frequency distribution. Determine the cell interval and the approximate number of cells. Make a table showing cell midpoints, cell boundaries,
1. If there are 8 parts in a product and they are each at 6 sigma with a 1.5 shift, determine the ppm for the product.
2. Working as an individual or in a team of three or more people, use DMAIC to improve a process in one or more of the organizations listed below:a. Large bankb. Health-care facilityc. University academic departmentd. University nonacademic departmente. Large department storef. Grade school g.
3. List the benefits of Six Sigma.
1. Construct a Pareto diagram for replacement parts for an electric stove. Data for a six-month period are: oven door, 193; timer, 53; front burners, 460; rear burners, 290; burner control, 135; drawer rollers, 46; other, 84;and oven regulators, 265.
2. A project team is studying the downtime cost of a soft drink bottling line. Data analysis in thousands of dollars for a three-month period are: back-pressure regulator, 30; adjust feed worm, 15; jam copper head, 6; lost cooling, 52; valve replacement, 8; and other, 5.Construct a Pareto diagram.
3. Approximately two-thirds of all automobile accidents are due to improper driving. Construct a Pareto diagram without the cumulative line for the data: improper turn, 3.6%; driving too fast for conditions, 28.1%; following too closely, 8.1%;right-of-way violations, 30.1%; driving left of center,
4. A major DVD-of-the-month club collected data on the reasons for returned shipments during a quarter.Results are: wrong selection, 50,000; refused, 195,000;wrong address, 68,000; order canceled, 5000; and other, 15,000. Construct a Pareto diagram.
5. Paint nonconformities for a one-month period for a riding lawn mower manufacturer are: blister, 212; light spray, 582; drips, 227; overspray, 109; splatter, 141; bad paint, 126; runs, 434; and other, 50. Construct a Pareto diagram.
8. Working as a team of three or more people, construct a VSM for a process of one or more of the organizations listed in Exercise 6.
7. Veterans have to wait six months for a disability claim to be processed. Who would you select as members of a Kaizen Blitz team?
1. Visit one or more of the following organizations.Determine how they define quality and how it is controlled.a. Large bankb. Health-care facilityc. University academic departmentd. University nonacademic departmente. Large department storef. Grade school g. Manufacturing facility h. Large grocery
2. Determine the quality improvement tools used by one of the organizations listed in Exercise 1.
1. Describe the difference between waste and a valueadded activity and give examples for different types of organizations.
2. Give examples of the four types of waste and the seven categories of waste for different types of organizations.
3. Use the 5S’s to organize a workplace.
4. Describe the difference between Kaizen and a Kaizen Blitz.
5. Describe the purpose of the value stream map.
6. Working as a team of three or more people, determine how the lean fundamentals of flow and inventory control might improve one or more of the organizations listed below:a. Large bankb. Health-care facilityc. University academic departmentd. University nonacademic departmente. Large department
6. Construct a Pareto diagram for the analysis of internal failures for the following data:Type of Cost Dollars (in Thousands)Purchasing—rejects 205 Design—scrap 120 Operations—rework 355 Purchasing—rework 25 All other 65
7. Construct a Pareto diagram for the analysis of the external failure costs for a wireless telephone manufacturer using the following data:Type of Cost Dollars (in Thousands)Customer complaints 20 Returned goods 30 Retrofit costs 50 Warranty claims 90 Liability costs 10 Penalties 5 Customer
8. A building construction company needs a Pareto diagram for the analysis of the following design department cost of poor quality:Element Dollars (in Thousands)Progress reviews 5 Support activities 3 Qualification tests 2 Corrective action 15 Rework 50 Scrap 25 Liaison 2
6. In his last 70 games, a professional basketball player made the following scores:a. Make a tally sheet in ascending order.b. Using the data above, construct a histogram. 10 17 9 17 18 20 7 17 19 13 15 14 635 16 13 12 13 15 14 13 10 14 11 15 14 11 15 15 16 9 18 15 12 14 13 14 13 14 16 15 16 15 15
7. A company that fills bottles of shampoo tries to maintain a specific weight of the product. The table gives the weight of 110 bottles that were checked at random intervals. Make a tally of these weights and construct a frequency histogram. (Weight is in kilograms.) 6.00 5.98 6.01 6.01 5.97 5.99
8. Listed next are 125 readings obtained in a hospital by a motion-and-time study analyst who took 5 readings each day for 25 days. Construct a tally sheet. Prepare a table showing cell midpoints, cell boundaries, and observed frequencies. Plot a frequency histogram. Day Duration of Operation Time
10. Using the data of Exercise 6, construct:a. A relative frequency histogramb. A cumulative frequency histogramc. A relative cumulative frequency histogram
11. Using the data of Exercise 7, construct:a. A relative frequency histogramb. A cumulative frequency histogramc. A relative cumulative frequency histogram
12. Using the data of Exercise 8, construct:a. A relative frequency histogramb. A cumulative frequency histogramc. A relative cumulative frequency histogram
13. Using the data of Exercise 9, construct:a. A relative frequency histogramb. A cumulative frequency histogramc. A relative cumulative frequency histogram
14. Construct a bar graph of the data in:a. Exercise 6b. Exercise 7
5. Perform the operation indicated and leave the answer in the correct number of significant figures.a. 64.3 + 2.05b. 381.0 - 1.95c. 8.652 - 4 (4 is not a counting number)d. 8.652 - 4 (4 is a counting number)e. 6.4 * 10 2 + 24.32
4. Perform the operation indicated and leave the answer in the correct number of significant figures.a. (34.6)(8.20)b. (0.035)(635)c. 3.8735 > 6.1d. 5.362 > 6 (6 is a counting number)e. 5.362/6 (6 is not a counting number)
9. Form a project team of six or seven people, elect a leader, and construct a cause-and-effect diagram for bad coffee from a 22-cup appliance used in the office.
10. Form a project team of six or seven people, elect a leader, and construct a C&E diagram fora. Dispersion analysis type for a quality characteristic.b. Process analysis type for a sequence of office activities on an insurance form.c. Process analysis type for a sequence of production activities
11. Design a check sheet for the maintenance of a piece of equipment such as a gas furnace, laboratory scale, or computer.
12. Construct a flow diagram for the manufacture of a product or the providing of a service.
13. Using the EXCEL program file , solve Exercises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
1. Round the following numbers to two decimal places.a. 0.862b. 0.625c. 0.149d. 0.475
2. Find the g.p.e. of the following numbers.a. 8.24b. 522c. 6.3 × 10 2d. 0.02
3. Find the relative error of the numbers in Exercise 2.
15. Using the data of Exercise 8, construct:a. A polygonb. An ogive
Using the EXCEL program file with the file name chisquared, determine the normality of the distribution of the following:a. Exercise 19b. Exercise 20c. Exercise 30d. Exercise 32
2. Determine the number of subgroups needed to establish the central lines and control limits for X and moving R charts for a paper towel process that is controlled by 24 valves. How many times in succession can one of the valves be plotted?
13. What are the PC lines for a process that has a nominal of 32.0°C and a tolerance of ±1.0°C?
14. Determine the PC line for the concentricity of a shaft when the total indicator reading (TIR) tolerance is 0.06 mm and the target is 0. Hint: This problem is a one-sided tolerance; however, the green zone is still half the tolerance. Graph the results.
15. What is the probability of an A, B pair being green? Of an A, B pair having one yellow and one green?
16. If a process is adjusted every 3 h, how often should pairs of parts be measured?
17. Determine the PTPC chart plot point for the following: USL LSL Nominal Part 1 Part 2 (a) 0.460 0.440 0.450 0.449 0.458 (b) 1.505 1.495 1.500 1.496 1.500 (c) 1.2750 1.2650 1.2700 1.2695 1.2732 (d) 0.7720 0.7520 0.7620 0.7600 0.7590
18. Construct a PTPC chart for the data in Exercise 4. Use the average value for Part 1 and Part 2 . For example, the data for 0800 h would be Part 1 (59.993 + 60.010)>2= 60.0015 and Part 2 (59.998 + 60.013)>2 = 60.0055.Do not use Part 3 .
19. Using the EXCEL program file for Z and W charts, solvea. Exercise 8b. Exercise 9
20. Develop a template for Z and MW charts.( Hint: Similar to X and MR charts.)
12. Graph the central lines and control limits for Z and MW charts. The target X is 3.00, and the target R is 0.05. Plot the points for X1 = 3.06, X2 = 2.91, and X3 = 3.10. Are any points out of control?
11. Graph the central lines and control limits for Z and MW charts. The target X is 1.15, and the target R is 0.03. Plot the points for X1 = 1.20, X2 = 1.06, and X3 = 1.14. Are there any out-of-control points?
3. Given the following data in microinches for the surface roughness of a grinding operation, construct a multivari chart and analyze the results. Time 0700 h 1400 h 2100 h Part No. 20 21 22 82 83 84 145 146 147 38 26 31 32 19 29 10 28 14 Surface 28 08 30 25 29 09 05 11 15 Roughness 30 31 38 16 20
4. Given below are data for a lathe turning operation. The part is 15 cm long and has a target diameter of 60.000 mm ; 0.012. One measurement is taken at each end and three consecutive parts are measured every 30 min.Construct a multi-vari chart and analyze the process.The data are in deviations
5. Determine the central line and limits for a short production run that will be completed in 3 h. The specifications are 25.0 { 0.3 . Use n = 4.
6. Determine the central line and limits for a short production run that will be completed in 1 h. The specifications are 3.40 { .05 mm. Use n = 3.
7. A five-stage progressive die has four critical dimensions. X is 25.30, 14.82, 105.65, and 58.26 mm and R is 0.06, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.06 for the dimensions. Can a deviation chart be used? Let RTotal equal the average of the four range values.
8. Determine the central lines and control limits for Z and W charts with a subgroup size of 2 and draw the graphs. If the target X is 1.50 and the target R is 0.08, determine the plotted points for three subgroups. Subgroup X X 123 1.55 1.59 1.43 1.53 3 1.30 1.38
9. Determine the central lines and control limits for Z and W charts with a subgroup size of 3 and draw the graphs. If the target X is 25.00 and target R is 0.05, determine the plotted points for the following three subgroups. Are any points out of control? Subgroup X X2 X3 12 1 24.97 25.01 25.00 2
10. Using the information in the Chart for Individual Values ( Chapter 6 ), derive the control limits and plotted points for the Z and MW charts.
1. If an event is certain to occur, what is its probability? If an event will not occur, what is its probability?
2. What is the probability that you will live forever? What is the probability that an octopus will fly?
3. If the probability of obtaining a 3 on a six-sided die is 0.167, what is the probability of obtaining any number but a 3?
14. An inspector has to inspect products from three machines in one department, five machines in another, and two machines in a third. The quality manager wants to vary the inspector’s route. How many different ways are possible?
15. If, in Example Problem 8-10 of the hit-and-run driver, there were 1 numeral and 1 letter, how many automobiles would need to be investigated?
16. A sample of 3 is selected from 10 people on a Caribbean cruise. How many permutations are possible?
17. From a lot of 90 airline tickets, a sample of 8 is selected.How many permutations are possible?
18. A sample of 4 is selected from a lot of 20 piston rings.How many different sample combinations are possible?
19. From a lot of 100 hotel rooms, a sample of 3 is selected for audit. How many different sample combinations are possible?
20. A sample of 2 is selected from a tray of 20 bolts. How many different sample combinations are possible?
21. In the Illinois lottery, the numbers available are 1 to 54.On Saturday night, 6 numbers are selected. How many different combinations are possible?
13. A small model-airplane motor has four starting components:key, battery, wire, and glow plug. What is the probability that the system will work if the probability that each component will work is as follows: key(0.998), battery (0.997), wire (0.999), and plug (0.995)?
12. If a sample of 1 can be drawn from an automatic storage and retrieval rack with 3 different storage racks and 6 different trays in each rack, what is the number of different ways of obtaining the sample of 1?
4. Find an event that has a probability of 1.000.
5. The probability of drawing a pink chip from a bowl of different-colored chips is 0.35, the probability of a blue chip is 0.46, the probability of a green chip is 0.15, and the probability of a purple chip is 0.04. What is the probability of a blue or a purple chip? What is the probability of a
6. At any hour in an intensive care unit, the probability of an emergency is 0.247. What is the probability that there will be tranquility for the staff?
7. If a hotel has 20 king-size beds, 50 queen-size beds, 100 double beds, and 30 twin beds available, what is the probability that you will be given a queen-size or a twin bed when you register?
8. A ball is drawn at random from a container that holds 8 yellow balls numbered 1 to 8, 6 orange balls numbered 1 to 6, and 10 gray balls numbered 1 to 10.What is the probability of obtaining an orange ball or a ball numbered 5 or an orange ball numbered 5 in a draw of one ball? What is the
9. If the probability of obtaining 1 nonconforming unit in a sample of 2 from a large lot of Neoprene gaskets is 0.18 and the probability of 2 nonconforming units 0.25, what is the probability of 0 nonconforming units?
10. Using the information in Exercise 9, find the probability of obtaining 2 nonconforming units on the first sample of 2 and 1 nonconforming unit on the second sample of 2. What is the probability of 0 nonconforming units on the first sample and 2 nonconforming units on the second? The first
11. A basket contains 34 heads of lettuce, 5 of which are spoiled. If a sample of 2 is drawn and not replaced, what is the probability that both will be spoiled?
22. In the Illinois lottery, each participant selects two sets of 6 numbers. What is the probability of having all 6 numbers?
1. Determine the number of subgroups needed to establish the central lines and control limits for X and R charts with a subgroup size of 2 for an 8-spindle filling machine. How many times in succession can one of the spindles be plotted?
Using the EXCEL program file with the file name scatter diagram, obtain data from production or the laboratory and determine the graph.
10. In filling bags of nitrogen fertilizer, it is desired to hold the average overfill to as low a value as possible. The lower specification limit is 22.00 kg (48.50 lb), the population mean weight of the bags is 22.73 kg (50.11 lb), and the population standard deviation is 0.80 kg (1.76 lb).What
11. Plastic strips that are used in a sensitive electronic device are manufactured to a maximum specification of 305.70 mm (approximately 12 in.) and a minimum specification of 304.55 mm. If the strips are less than the minimum specification, they are scrapped; if they are greater than the maximum
12. A company that manufactures oil seals found the population mean to be 49.15 mm (1.935 in.), the population standard deviation to be 0.51 mm (0.020 in.), and the data to be normally distributed. If the internal diameter of the seal is below the lower specification limit of 47.80 mm, the part is
13. The historical data of Exercise 37 have a subgroup size of 3. Time is not available to collect data for a process capability study using a subgroup size of 4. Determine the process capability using the first 25 subgroups. Use a D 2 value for n = 3.
14. Repeat Exercise 13 using the last 25 subgroups and compare the results.
15. Determine the process capability of the case-hardening process of Exercise 6.
16. Determine the process capability of the tensile tests of the improved plastic cord of Exercise 3.
17. What is the process capability of:a. Exercise 2?b. Exercise 5?
9. Copy the s chart of Figure 6-8 on transparent paper.Place this copy on top of the R chart of Figure 6-5 and compare the patterns of variation.
8. Rework Exercise 6 assuming a subgroup size of 3.

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