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Identify the reagents necessary to accomplish each of the following transformations. If you are having trouble, the reagents for these transformations appear on page 482, but you should first try to... Identify the reagents you would use to accomplish each of the following transformations: a. b. Borane (BH 3 ) is very unstable and quite reactive. Draw a Lewis structure of borane and explain the source of the instability. Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following compounds: (a) C 2 H 6 (b) C 2 H 4 (c) C 2 H 2 (d) C 3 H 8 (e) C 3 H 6 (f) CH 3 OH Using acetylene as your only source of carbon atoms, design a synthesis of trans-5- decene: Identify reagents that can be used to achieve each of the following transformations: a. b. c. d. e. f. Br Br HO, Identify the reagents necessary to achieve each of the following transformations: Br Br - " Br Br "Br Consider the following S N 2 reaction: (a) Draw the mechanism of this reaction. (b) What is the rate equation of this reaction? (c) What would happen to the rate if the solvent is changed from DMSO... For each of the following pairs of alcohols, identify the one that is more acidic, and explain your choice: a. b. c. d. e. F. OH The C = C bond in 2-cyclohexenone produces an unusually strong signal. Explain using resonance structures. O= Draw a Lewis structure for each of the compounds below: a) CH 2 = CHOCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 b) (CH 3 CH 2 ) 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 OH c) (CH 3 CH 2 ) 3 COH d) (CH 3 ) 2 C = CHCH 2 CH 3 e) CH 2 = CHCH 2 OCH 2 CH(CH... Consider the following compound with molecular formula C 4 H 8 O: (a) Draw a constitutional isomer that you expect will be approximately one trillion (10 12 ) times more acidic than the compound... Most common amines (RNH 2 ) exhibit pK a values between 35 and 45. R represents the rest of the compound (generally carbon and hydrogen atoms). However, when R is a cyano group, the pK a is found to... Consider the structure of cyclopentadiene and then answer the following questions: (a) How many sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms are present in the structure of cyclopentadiene? (b) Identify the most... Identify the reagents you would use to accomplish each of the following transformations. a. b. c. d. e. f. Br Br Draw the structure of a compound with molecular formula C 8 H 10 that exhibits five signals in its 13 C NMR spectrum, four of which appear between 100 and 150 ppm. Determine the structure of a compound with molecular formula C 5 H 10 O that exhibits the following broadband-decoupled and DEPT-135 spectra. The DEPT-90 spectrum has no signals. Broadband-decoupled... Deduce the structure of a compound with molecular formula C 9 H 10 O 2 that produces the following 1 H NMR spectrum and 13 C NMR spectrum: Proton NMR 10 Chemical Shift (ppm) Carbon NMR - 128.4 128.8-... Deduce the structure of a compound with molecular formula C 6 H 14 O 2 that exhibits the following IR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectra. 100 80 60 40 20 3000 2500 Wavenumber (cm-1) 4000 3500 2000 1500... What is the physical origin of the pressure difference across a curved liquidgas interface? Show that the expression (U/V) T = T(P/T)V P can be written in the form 2 / av Draw the carbocation intermediate generated when each of the following substrates is treated with sulfuric acid: a. A terminal alkyne was treated with NaNH 2 followed by propyl iodide. The resulting internal alkyne was treated with ozone followed by water, giving only one type of carboxylic acid. Provide a... Explain why attractive interactions between molecules in gas make the pressure less than that predicted by the ideal gas equation of state. Draw the expected major product for each of the following reactions: a. b. c. d. e. f. ? HBr Draw and name all constitutionally isomeric alcohols with molecular formula C 4 H 10 O. Draw the mechanism for each of the following transformations: a. b. c. Br HBr Identify the reagents you would use to achieve each of the following transformations: (a) (b) A ketone with molecular formula C 9 H 18 O exhibits only one signal in its 1 H NMR spectrum. Provide a systematic (IUPAC) name for this compound. Draw the mechanism for each of the following reaction. a. b. c. OH py Identify the reagents you would use to accomplish each of the following transformation. a. b. c. d. e. f. H. A carbocation is resonance stabilized when it is adjacent to an oxygen atom: Such a carbocation is even more stable than a tertiary carbocation. Using this information, propose a mechanism for the... Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: (a) (b) (c) OH H. Draw the mechanism of the following reaction. This reaction is the reverse of sulfonation, so you should read the sulfonation mechanism backward. Your mechanism should involve a sigma complex... Identify the reagents necessary to accomplish each of the following transformations: H. OR NH2 Draw the structure of the diol that is produced when the following carbonate is heated under aqueous acidic conditions. What is the molecular formula for each compound in the previous problem? Previous problem a. b. c. HO 20.0 g of water is in a container of 20.0 L at 298.15 K. The vapor pressure of water at this temperature is 23.76 Torr. a. What phases are present? b. At what volume would only the gas phase be... A cell is roughly spherical with a radius of 20.0 10 6 m. Calculate the work required to expand the cell surface if the radius increases by a factor of three. Assume the cell is surrounded by pure... Between 0 and 90C, the potential of the cell Pt(s) H 2 (g, f = 1atm) HCl(aq, m = 0.100) AgCl(s) Ag(s) is described by the equation E(V ) = 0.35510 0.3422 10 4 t 3.2347 10 6 t 2 + 6.314 10 9 t 3... Draw a mechanism for the following transformation: NaOH, heat Consider the following reaction: The following rate equation has been experimentally established for this process: Rate = k [HO - ] [CH 3 CH 2 Br] The energy diagram for this process is shown below:... Draw the expected product of the following reductive amination: [H,SO,] NABH,CN `NH2 Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: (a) (b) (c) OMe Meo Meo Br Br Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: a. b. c. d. Br Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: (a) What are the units of the H atom total energy eigenfunctions? Why is a 0 3/2 R(r) graphed in Figure 20.6 rather than R(r)? Ratcliffe and Chao [Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 47 (1969): 148] obtained the following tabulated results for the variation of the total pressure above a solution of isopropanol (P * 1 =... Identify the reagents that you would use to accomplish each of the following transformations: (a) (b) H. Identify the reagents that you would use to accomplish each of the following transformations (you will also need to use reactions from previous chapters). (a) (b) (c) Br Br OH The Lyman series in the hydrogen atom corresponds to transitions that originate from the n = 1 level in absorption or that terminate in the n = 1 level for emission. Calculate the energy, frequency... In discussing Figure 23.2, the following statement is made: Interchanging red and blue does not generate a different MO. Justify this statement. Figure 23.2 H1s His H2 Energy Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the following transformations: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) -NH2 CN NO2 Br Br What would the intensity versus frequency plot in Figure 25.10 look like if fluorescence were fast with respect to internal conversion? Fluorescence Absorption 0-4 Frequency So Absorption... The rate of fluorescence is higher than that for phosphorescence. Can you explain this fact? The amplitude of the wave on the right side of the barrier in Figure 16.10 is much smaller than that of the wave incident on the barrier. What happened to the rest of the wave? Figure 16.10 Vo E= 1/4... A simulated infrared absorption spectrum of a gas-phase organic compound is shown in the following figure. Use the characteristic group frequencies listed in Section 19.5 to decide whether this... List the energetic degrees of freedom for which the contribution to the internal energy determined by statistical mechanics is equal to the prediction of the equipartition theorem at 298 K. Show that the function (r/a 0 ) e -r/2a0 is a solution of the following differential equation for l = 1. What is the eigenvalue? Using this result, what is the value for the principal quantum number... The angular functions, Î(θ )Φ(Ï ), for the one-electron HartreeFock orbitals are the same as for the hydrogen atom, and the radial functions and radial... Using Table 22.3, which lists the possible terms that arise from a given configuration, and Hunds rules, write the configurations and term symbols for the ground state of the ions F and Ca 2+ in the... Determine the standard molar entropy of H 35 Cl at 298 K, where B = 10.58 cm 1 , = 2886 cm 1 , the ground-state electronic level degeneracy is 1, and P = 1.00 atm. The total energy eigenvalues for the hydrogen atom are given by E n = e 2 / (8Ïε 0 a 0 n), n = 1, 2, 3, 4,¦, and the three quantum numbers associated with the total energy... What is the functional dependence of the 1s orbital energy on Z in Figure 21.7? Check your answer against a few data points. Figure 21.7 0.5 4s d -0.5 3s 2p -1.5 2s 15 -2.5 35 30 25 20 10 Atomic... In this problem you will show that the charge density of the filled n = 2, l = 1 subshell is spherically symmetrical and that therefore L = 0. The angular distribution of the electron charge is... Derive the ground-state term symbols for the following atoms or ions: a. H b. F c. Na + d. Sc At 552.3 K, the rate constant for the thermal decomposition of SO 2 Cl 2 is 1.02 10 6 s 1 . If the activation energy is 210. kJ mol 1 , calculate the Arrhenius preexponential factor and determine... When d-glucose undergoes a Wohl degradation followed by a Kiliani-Fischer chain-lengthening process, a mixture of two epimeric products are obtained. Identify both epimers. Use the logic diagram of Figure 27.2 to determine the point group for the planar molecule trans¯HBrC¡CBrH. Indicate your decision-making process as was done in the text for NH 3 . a.... Methane belongs to the T d group. The reducible representation for the vibrational modes is reducible = A 1 + E + 2T 2 . a. Show that the A 1 and T 2 representations are orthogonal to each other and... The boom has a uniform weight of 600 lb and is hoisted into position using the cable BC. If the cable has a diameter of 0.5 in., plot the average normal stress in the cable as a function of the boom... As discussed in the text, the total system pressure can be used to monitor the progress of a chemical reaction. Consider the following reaction: SO 2 Cl 2 (g) SO 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g). The reaction is... For the following rate expressions, state the order of the reaction with respect to each species, the total order of the reaction, and the units of the rate constant, k: a. Rate = k[ClO][BrO] b. Rate... You are given the following data for the decomposition of acetaldehyde: Determine the order of the reaction and the rate constant for the reaction. Initial Concentration (M) 9.72 103 4.56x 103... Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross section at point B. 60 lb/ft 12 ft F3 ft- In addition to Cl , other halogens can potentially contribute to stratospheric ozone loss. For example, consider the reaction of Br with ozone: Br (g) + O 3 (g) BrO (g) + O 2 (g) At 298 K the rate... Determine the resultant internal normal and shear force in the member at (a) section aa and (b) section bb, each of which passes through the centroid A. The 500-lb load is applied along the... The rectangular plate is deformed into the shape shown by the dashed lines. Determine the average normal strain along diagonal AC, and the average shear strain at corner A relative to the x, y axes.... The rectangular plate undergoes a deformation shown by the dashed lines. Determine the shear strain γ xy and γ x'y' at point A. y 0.01 in. 5 in. 0.02 in.-ES in.- -|-0.02 in.... The rigid beam is supported by a pin at C and an A-36 steel guy wire AB. If the wire has a diameter of 0.2 in., determine the distributed load w if the end B is displaced 0.75 in. downward. 30 10 ft The stressstrain diagram for a steel alloy having an original diameter of 0.5 in. and a gage length of 2 in. is given in the figure. Determine approximately the modulus of elasticity for the... The solid 30-mm-diameter shaft is used to transmit the torques applied to the gears. Determine the absolute maximum shear stress in the shaft. 300 N-m 500 N-m 200 N-m 400 N-m 300 mm B. 400 mm 500 mm Determine the resultant internal loadings on the cross section at point D. 1.25 kN/m 1.5 m '0.5 m' 0.5 m'0.5 m The bar DA is rigid and is originally held in the horizontal position when the weight W is supported from C. If the weight causes B to displace downward 0.025 in., determine the strain in wires DE... Determine the resultant internal loadings at cross sections at points E and F on the assembly. 1.25 kN/m 1.5 m '0.5 m'0.5 m'0.5 m The two cylindrical rod segments are fixed to the rigid walls such that there is a gap of 0.01 in. between them when T 1 = 60°F. What larger temperature T 2 is required in order to just close the... The 60-mm-diameter solid shaft is subjected to the distributed and concentrated torsional loadings shown. Determine the absolute maximum and minimum shear stresses on the shaft's surface and specify... The solid aluminum shaft has a diameter of 50 mm. Determine the absolute maximum shear stress in the shaft and sketch the shear-stress distribution along a radial line of the shaft where the shear... The radius of the pedestal is defined by r = (0.5e 0.08y2 )m, where y is in meters. If the material has a density of 2.5 Mg/m 3 , determine the average normal stress at the support. Fr= 0.5e 0.08y?... The spring mechanism is used as a shock absorber for a load applied to the drawbar AB. Determine the force in each spring when the 50-kN force is applied. Each spring is originally unstretched and... The tension member is fastened together using two bolts, one on each side of the member as shown. Each bolt has a diameter of 0.3 in. Determine the maximum load P that can be applied to the member if... Determine the maximum allowable load P that can be safely supported by the frame if t = 1.25 in. and b = 3.5 in. The wood has a normal failure stress of Ï fail = 6 ksi, and a shear failure... The 150 mm by 150 mm block of aluminum supports a compressive load of 6 kN. Determine the average normal and shear stress acting on the plane through section aa. Show the results on a differential... An air-filled rubber ball has a diameter of 6 in. If the air pressure within the ball is increased until the diameter becomes 7 in., determine the average normal strain in the rubber. The pin-connected rigid rods AB and BC are inclined at θ = 30° when they are unloaded. When the force P is applied θ becomes 30.2°. Determine the average normal... The wire AB is unstretched when θ = 45 °. If a load is applied to the bar AC, which causes u to become 47°, determine the normal strain in the wire. B -L- The bolt AB has a diameter of 20 mm and passes through a sleeve that has an inner diameter of 40 mm and an outer diameter of 50 mm. The bolt and sleeve are made of A-36 steel and are secured to the... The load of 2000 lb is to be supported by the two vertical steel wires for which Ï Y = 70 ksi. Originally wire AB is 60 in. long and wire AC is 60.04 in. long. Determine the force developed in... If column AB is made from high strength precast concrete and reinforced with four 3/4 in. diameter A-36 steel rods, determine the maximum allowable floor loadings P. The allowable normal stresses for... The copper shaft is subjected to the axial loads shown. Determine the displacement of end A with respect to end D if the diameters of each segment are d AB = 0.75 in., d BC = 1 in., and d CD = 0.5...
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