Evolutionary Psychology The New Science Of The Mind 5th Edition David Buss - Solutions

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11-16: How do human factors psychologists work to create user-friendly machines and work settings?
11-15: What are some effective leadership techniques?
11-14: What is achievement motivation? What is the role of organizational psychologists?
11-13: How do personnel psychologists help organizations with employee selection, work placement, and performance appraisal?
11-12: What is “flow,” and what are the three subfields of industrial-organizational psychology?
11-11: How does social networking influence us?Motivation at Work
11-10: What evidence points to our human need to belong?
11-9: Is scientific research on sexual motivation value free?The Need to Belong
11-8: What has research taught us about sexual orientation?
11-7: What factors influence teen pregnancy and risk of sexually transmitted infections?
11-6: How do hormones, and external and internal stimuli, influence human sexual motivation?
11-5: What is the human sexual response cycle, and what disorders disrupt it?
11-4: What factors predispose some people to become and remain obese?Sexual Motivation
11-3: What psychological, cultural, and situational factors influence hunger?
11-2: What physiological factors produce hunger?
11-1: How do psychologists define motivation?From what perspectives do they view motivated behavior?Hunger
10-18: Are intelligence tests inappropriately biased?
10-17: How and why do racial and ethnic groups differ in mental ability scores?
10-16: How and why do the genders differ in mental ability scores?
10-15: What does evidence reveal about environmental influences on intelligence?
10-14: What evidence points to a genetic influence on intelligence, and what is heritability?
10-13: What are the traits of those at the low and high intelligence extremes?Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
10-12: How stable are intelligence scores over the life span?
10-11: What are reliability and validity?The Dynamics of Intelligence
10-10: What are standardization and the normal curve?
10-9: What’s the difference between achievement and aptitude tests?
10-8: When and why were intelligence tests created?
10-7: To what extent is intelligence related to neural processing speed?Assessing Intelligence
10-6: To what extent is intelligence related to brain anatomy?
10-5: What are the four components of emotional intelligence?
10-4: What is creativity, and what fosters it?
10-3: How do Gardner’s and Sternberg’s theories of multiple intelligences differ?
10-2: What are the arguments for and against considering intelligence as one general mental ability?
10-1: How is intelligence defined?
=+5. With which of the following statements would John B. Watson most likely agree?a. Psychology should study the growth potential in all people.b. Psychology should study the unconscious mind.c. Psychology should focus on observable behavior.d. Psychology should study mental thought processes.e.
=+4. Which of the following best describes research typical of Wilhelm Wundt's first psychology laboratory?a. Testing ESP using a wall to observe auras above participants' headb. Using a brain-scanning device to determine the impact events have on brain functionc. Measuring the reaction time
=+3. Who coined the term tabula rasa (blank slate) to help explain the impact experience has on shaping an individual?a. Francis Baconb. Ren Descartesc. Edward Bradford Titchenerd. Mary Whiton Calkinse. John Locke
=+ 2. Which philosopher proposed that nerve pathways allowed for reflexes?a. Socratesb. Ren Descartesc. John Locked. Aristotlee. Plato
=+1. By seeking to measure "atoms of the mind," who established the first psychology laboratory?a. Edward Bradford Titchenerb. Margaret Floy Washburnc. Wilhelm Wundtd. G. Stanley Halle. William James
=+Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?
=+Test Yourself What event defined the start of modern scientific psychology?
=+How do you think psychology might change in the future as more women contribute their ideas to the field?
=+1-6 Explain how behaviorism, Freudian psychology, and humanistic psychology furthered the development of psychological science.
=+ 1-5 Describe some important milestones in psychology's early development.
=+1-4 Describe how psychology developed from early understandings of mind and body to the beginnings of modern science.
=+1-3 Explain how critical thinking feeds a scientific attitude, and smarter thinking for everyday life.
=+1-2 Describe the three key elements of the scientific attitude and how they support scientific inquiry.
=+1-1 Explain how psychology is a science and why the "rat is always right."
6. Evolutionary psychology is a “meta-theory” for the different subdiscipline of psychology, such as social, cognitive, personality, developmental, clinical, and cultural.How might evolutionary psychology also serve as a metatheory for economics, that is the economic transactions that humans
5. Cultural learning occurs more frequently from high-prestige models than from lowprestige models. Explain why this finding supports the contention that transmitted culture rests on a foundation of evolved psychological mechanisms.
4. Although clinical depression is often considered to be a psychological disorder, some evolutionary theorists contend that it might actually reflect the proper functioning of an adaptation. Critically examine the potential adaptive benefits of depression, and outline ways to test competing
3. Studies find that more muscular men are more likely than less muscular men to pursue an aggressive mating strategy. Explain how this finding is an example of“reactive heritability,” one way evolutionary psychology uses to explain individual differences.
2. Around the ages of three and four, children develop a “theory of mind,” that is they start to interpret other people in terms of desires, goals, beliefs, and intentions.Outline the potential adaptive benefits of “theory of mind” when people hit puberty and enter the arena of mate
1. People tend to have a better memory for things linked with survival and mating.Explain how these results support the theory of “adaptive memory.”
• Evaluate the idea that evolutionary psychology can serve as a“meta-theory” that united all of psychology.
• Identify three psychological adaptations of which religious beliefs might be a by-product.
• Contrast the concepts of evoked culture and transmitted culture.
• Explain why some problems are erroneously thought to be“dysfunctions” when they may not be.
• Compare and contrast three evolutionary explanations for depression.
• Identify and illustrate three major ways evolutionary psychology can explain individual differences.
• Describe the “theory of mind” and state when it emerges during human development.
• List four evolutionary theories that provide insights into human social psychology.
• Describe the evidence for human adaptive memory.
3. After losing a contest or competition, people sometimes “submit” to the winner rather than continuing to challenge the winner. Why would humans have evolved submissive strategies?
2. Studies show that men are more likely than women to agree with statements such as “It is OK to get ahead in life by any means necessary.” Why, from an evolutionary perspective, would men have evolved a stronger motive to get ahead in status hierarchies?
1. Dominance hierarchies are emergent properties of individual interactions, and therefore don’t have an evolved function per se. Explain how dominance hierarchies can emerge from individual adaptations to respond to the outcomes of competitions and contests.
• Analyze why humans have evolved submissive strategies.
• List five correlates of dominance.
• Analyze why men might have evolved a stronger motivation for status striving compared to women.
• Describe one example of dominance hierarchies in a nonhuman animal species.
• Explain how dominance hierarchies emerge from individual interactions.
4. A study of jealous interrogations found that, upon discovery of their romantic partner in a compromising situation, men wanted to know “Did you have sex with him?” whereas women wanted to know “Do you love her?” How are these findings explained from an evolutionary perspective?
3. Rape victims are disproportionately concentrated in young women who are high in fertility. Explain why this conclusion does not provide decisive evidence for or against the two competing theories of rape.
2. The victims of sexual harassment tend to be young, attractive, and female. The perpetrators of sexual harassment tend to be male. Analyze how these forms of strategic interference follow from an understanding of men’s and women’s evolved mating strategies.
1. Women, on average, tend to prefer more time to elapse before consenting to sex, whereas men seek sex sooner and more persistently. Explain how each of these proclivities produces “strategic interference” with the opposite sex.
• Analyze the possible evolutionary causes of resource inequality between the sexes.
• Describe the contexts influencing the intensity of mate retention tactics.
• Summarize three findings that support the hypothesis that women and men differ in the triggers of sexual jealousy.
• Describe women’s potential anti-rape defenses.
• Compare and contrast the adaptation versus by-product theories of rape.
• Describe the key predictors of sexual harassment.
• Analyze why men and women sometimes get into conflict about the occurrence and timing of sex.
• Define “strategic interference theory.”
3. In all of human recorded history, there is not a single instance of women banding together with other women to attack and kill another group of women. Yet history is filled with men forming war-parties to attack other groups of men across cultures.Explain, from an evolutionary perspective, why
2. More muscular men and more attractive women tend to be prone to anger than less muscular men and less attractive women. Explain how these findings support the recalibration theory of anger.
1. In every culture, men are more violently aggressive than women, yet women often use indirect or verbal aggression such as gossip against their rivals. Explain why women have evolved to be more reluctant to engage in a strategy of violent aggression.
• Compare and contrast the “adaptation” versus “by-product”theories of why people kill other people.
• Describe why men would go to war, despite the heavy risks of battle.
• Describe the “recalibration theory of anger” and provide one example from your own observations.
• Analyze why women sometimes aggress against other women.
• Summarize the evidence for sex differences in same-sex aggression.
• Explain the evolutionary theory for why men are more violently aggressive than women.
• List six adaptive problems that could be solved by an aggressive strategy.
4. People who punish “free-riders” in coalitions are often seen as more trustworthy than those who do not. Explain why adaptations to punish free-riders are needed for the evolution of coalitions.
3. Friends sometimes become mating rivals or “frienemies.” Explain the evolutionary logic of why this form of conflict occurs among friends.
2. In experiments, people seem to be very good at solving problems structured as social contracts—they tend to “look for cheaters,” that is, those who violate social contracts. Explain why a cheater-detection adaptation is necessary for the evolution of reciprocal altruism to evolve.
1. The fact that people are sometimes altruistic toward others, that is they incur costs to themselves to deliver benefits to other people, is called “the problem of altruism.”Why is this a problem that requires explanation from an evolutionary perspective?
• List and describe the two key problems that must be solved when establishing coalitions.
• Compare and contrast the costs and benefits of friendship.
• Describe why humans must have cheater-detection adaptations in order for reciprocal altruism to evolve.

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Evolutionary Psychology The New Science Of The Mind 5th Edition David Buss - Solutions

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