New Semester
Started
Get
50% OFF
Study Help!
--h --m --s
Claim Now
Question Answers
Textbooks
Find textbooks, questions and answers
Oops, something went wrong!
Change your search query and then try again
S
Books
FREE
Study Help
Expert Questions
Accounting
General Management
Mathematics
Finance
Organizational Behaviour
Law
Physics
Operating System
Management Leadership
Sociology
Programming
Marketing
Database
Computer Network
Economics
Textbooks Solutions
Accounting
Managerial Accounting
Management Leadership
Cost Accounting
Statistics
Business Law
Corporate Finance
Finance
Economics
Auditing
Tutors
Online Tutors
Find a Tutor
Hire a Tutor
Become a Tutor
AI Tutor
AI Study Planner
NEW
Sell Books
Search
Search
Sign In
Register
study help
social science
behavioral psychology
Psychology 13th Edition David G. Myers, C. Nathan DeWall - Solutions
• Provide two examples of reciprocal altruism in nonhuman animal species.
• Analyze why “tit for tat” is such a successful strategy.
• Summarize the theory of reciprocal altruism.
• Explain the problem of altruism.
3. Research shows that parents try to restrict the sexual behavior of their daughters more than their sons. Explain why, from an evolutionary perspective, this might occur.
2. Children often want more resources from parents than parents want to give to their children. Explain how this finding relates to the theory of parent–offspring conflict.
1. Men invest less in their children’s college education if they are uncertain whether the child is their own or fathered by another man. Explain which hypothesis this finding supports with respect to why women, on average, invest in offspring more than men.
• Analyze why parents sometimes try to influence the mating and sexuality of their children.
• Describe the theory of parent–offspring conflict and provide one example from your own observations.
• Explain the three major factors that are theoretically expected to influence parental care.
• Describe the two leading hypotheses for why mothers generally provide more parental care than fathers.
3. Women in short-term mating often prefer men who have masculine features.Describe how these findings support the “good genes” hypothesis of women’s short-term mating.
2. A key predictor of the contexts in which women have extramarital affairs is when they are dissatisfied with their primary relationship. Explain which hypothesis of short-term mating this finding supports.
1. Men, compared with women, desire a larger number of sex partners, let less time elapse before seeking sex, and more often consent to request to have sex with total strangers. Explain how these psychological proclivities facilitate the success of a short-term mating strategy for men.
• Analyze the evidence for contexts that influence whether women pursue short-term mating.
• Specify the five major hypotheses about the adaptive benefits to women of short-term mating.
• Name three empirical findings that support the hypothesis that men have an evolved short-term mating strategy.
• Identify the adaptive problems men must solve when pursuing short-term mating.
• List the costs of short-term mating for men.
• List the adaptive benefits to men of short-term mating from an evolutionary perspective.
3. Men, compared to women, place a greater value on youth and physical attractiveness in a long-term mate, but many men cannot fulfill these mating desires. Explain why not.
2. Fertilization occurs internally within women, not within men. How does this fact of human reproductive biology create two related adaptive problems for men?
1. Although men can reproduce simply by having sex, they often adopt a mating strategy of long-term commitment to one woman. Explain why, from an evolutionary perspective, men might choose a long-term mating strategy over a short-term mating strategy.
• Identify four sources of evidence that men’s evolved mate preferences influence actual mating behavior.
• Compare and contrast the two theories for the links between men’s testosterone and their mating strategies.
• Describe why men face the problem of “paternity uncertainty.”
• Explain the evolutionary theory of men’s evolved standards of female beauty.
• Analyze why ancestral men faced the adaptive problem of identifying a woman’s fertility.
• List seven benefits men gain from commitment and marriage.
4. Women’s mate preferences do not always result in choosing a mate who they ideally desire. Explain why not.
3. Women find men who are already paired with attractive women to be more attractive than the same men standing alone. Explain what hypothesis this finding supports, and why women would exhibit this mate preference.
2. Women’s mate preferences include a desire for men who are taller than average and more athletic than average. Explain how these findings support the hypothesis that women choose long-term mates, in part, based on the protection they can provide.
1. Women incur the costs of a nine-month pregnancy to produce a child, and men do not. Women also tend to be choosier about who they have sex with than are men.Explain how these findings support the theory of parental investment and sexual selection.
• Identify four findings that illustrate how women’s mate preferences influence actual mating behavior.
• Explain “mate copying” and provide one example from real life.
• Summarize the evidence for the effects of women’s personal resources on their mate preferences.
• Evaluate why women have an evolved mate preference for cues to athletic ability.
• Analyze the multiple adaptive problems potentially solved by women’s preferences for men with resources.
• Explain parental investment theory and analyze how parental investment influences the components of sexual selection.
• Explain the two major components of sexual selection theory.
4. Paleoarcheologists find skulls and skeletons of ancient humans with highly patterned traumas, mostly on males. Explain how this finding supports the hypothesis that humans have been a major “hostile force of nature” in the evolution of our species.
3. People tend to overestimate the distance when looking down from a tall building by 32 percent compared to being at the bottom of a building and looking up. Explain how this finding supports the hypothesis that humans have evolved perceptual biases.
2. Modern humans tend to develop fears of snakes and spiders much more often than fears of cars, even though cars are far more dangerous in modern urban environments than snakes and spiders. How do these facts support evolutionary hypotheses about fears?
1. Humans prefer landscapes that contain resources and places to hide, “prospect and refuge.” Explain how this finding supports the savanna hypothesis of evolved habit preferences.
• List six procedures for identifying adaptive problems.
• Identify seven data sources for testing evolutionary hypotheses.
• List eight methods for testing evolutionary hypotheses.
• Define the concept of “evolved psychological mechanism.”
• Describe the three key products of evolution.
4. Garcia demonstrated that rats could learn food aversions in a single trial separated by 24 hours. Why did this and other findings lead to the decline of radical behaviorism?
3. Considering the fact that Neanderthals went extinct around the time of the appearance of modern humans, explain what evidence might be gathered in the future to support the hypothesis that their extinction was partly caused by killing.?
2. Callus formation on the skin requires both the environmental input of repeated friction to the skin and an evolved physiological callus-producing adaptation. How does this fact illustrate why “genetic determinism” is a misconception about evolutionary theory?
1. Considering the three essential ingredients of natural selection, why would painting the leaves of a tree pink not influence the pinkness of leaves of “baby trees” that develop from that parent tree’s seeds?
• Explain why radical behaviorism went into scientific decline.
• Identify when Neanderthals went extinct.
• List three common misunderstandings about evolutionary theory.
• Define particulate inheritance.
• Identify the three essential ingredients of natural selection.
4. _______ ________ can lead to poor performance on tests by undermining test-takers’ belief that they can do well on the test.
3. The environmental influence that has the clearest, most profound effect on intellectual development isa. exposing normal infants to enrichment programs before age 1.b. growing up in an economically disadvantaged home.c. being raised in conditions of extreme deprivation.d. being an identical twin.
2. The strongest support for heredity’s influence on intelligence is the finding thata. identical twins, but not other siblings, have nearly identical intelligence test scores.b. the correlation between intelligence test scores of fraternal twins is not higher than that for other siblings.c.
1. To say that the heritability of intelligence is about 50 percent means that 50 percent ofa. an individual’s intelligence is due to genetic factors.b. the similarities between two groups of people are attributable to genes.c. the variation in intelligence within a group of people is
LOQ 10-17: Are intelligence tests biased or unfair? What is stereotype threat, and how does it affect test-takers’ performance?
LOQ 10-16: How and why do racial and ethnic groups differ in mental ability scores?
LOQ 10-15: How and why do the genders differ in mental ability scores?
LOQ 10-14: How can environmental influences affect cognitive development?
LOQ 10-13: What is heritability, and what do twin and adoption studies tell us about the nature and nurture of intelligence?
RP-4 What psychological principle may help explain why women tend to score higher on math tests when none of their fellow test-takers are men?
RP-3 What is the difference between a test that is culturally biased and a test that is scientifically biased?
RP-2 The heritability of intelligence scores will be greater in a society marked by equal opportunity than in a society of peasants and aristocrats. Why?
Are you working to the potential reflected in your standardized aptitude test scores? What, other than your aptitude, is affecting your school performance?
RP-1 A check on your understanding of heritability: If environments become more equal, the heritability of intelligence willa. increase.b. decrease.c. be unchanged.
5. Use the concepts of Gc and Gf to explain why writers tend to produce their most creative work later in life, while scientists often hit their peak much earlier.
4. Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for the fact that more intelligent people tend to live longer, healthier lives?a. Intelligence facilitates more education, better jobs, and a healthier environment.b. Intelligence encourages a more health-promoting lifestyle.c. Intelligent
3. The Stanford-Binet, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children yield consistent results, for example on retesting. In other words, these tests have high .
2. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is best able to tell usa. what part of an individual’s intelligence is determined by genetic inheritance.b. whether the test-taker will succeed in a job.c. how the test-taker compares with other adults in vocabulary and arithmetic reasoning.d.
1. The IQ of a 6-year-old with a measured mental age of 9 would bea. 67.b. 133.c. 86.d. 150.
LOQ 10-12: How does aging affect crystallized intelligence (Gc) and fluid intelligence(Gf)?
LOQ 10-11: How stable are intelligence test scores over the life span?
LOQ 10-10: What are cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies, and why is it important to know which method was used?
LOQ 10-9: What are the traits of those at the low and high intelligence extremes?
LOQ 10-8: What is a normal curve, and what does it mean to say that a test has been standardized and is reliable and valid?
LOQ 10-7: When and why were intelligence tests created, and how do today’s tests differ from early intelligence tests?
LOQ 10-6: What is an intelligence test, and how do achievement and aptitude tests differ?
RP-6 Researcher A wants to study how intelligence changes over the life span. Researcher B wants to study the intelligence of people who are now at various life stages. Which researcher should use the cross-sectional method, and which the longitudinal method?
RP-5 Correlation coefficients were used in this section. Here’s a quick review: Correlations do not indicate cause-effect, but they do tell us whether two things are associated in some way. A correlation of −1.00 represents perfect(agreement/disagreement) between two sets of scores: As one
RP-4 What are the three criteria that a psychological test must meet in order to be widely accepted? Explain.
RP-3 An employer with a pool of applicants for a single available position is interested in testing each applicant’s potential. To determine that, she should use an (achievement/aptitude) test. That same employer wishing to test the effectiveness of a new, on-the-job training program would be
RP-2 What is the IQ score of a 4-year-old with a mental age of 5?
RP-1 What did Binet hope to achieve by establishing a child’s mental age?
What achievement or aptitude tests have you taken? In your opinion, how well did these tests assess what you’d learned or predict what you were capable of learning?
4. Emotionally intelligent people tend toa. seek immediate gratification.b. understand their own emotions but not those of others.c. understand others’ emotions but not their own.d. succeed in their careers.
3. Sternberg’s three types of intelligence are , , and.
2. The existence of savant syndrome seems to supporta. Sternberg’s distinction among three types of intelligence.b. criticism of multiple intelligence theories.c. theories of multiple intelligences.d. Thorndike’s view of social intelligence.
1. Charles Spearman suggested we have one underlying success across a variety of intellectual abilities.
LOQ 10-5: What are the four components of emotional intelligence?
LOQ 10-4: How do Gardner’s and Sternberg’s theories of multiple intelligences differ, and what criticisms have they faced?
LOQ 10-3: How have the concepts of Gf and Gc, and the CHC theory, affected our understanding of intelligence?
LOQ 10-2: What are the arguments for g?
LOQ 10-1: How do psychologists define intelligence?
Showing 1400 - 1500
of 2883
First
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Last
Step by Step Answers
Get 50% OFF
Claim Now
