Psychology 13th Edition David G. Myers, C. Nathan DeWall - Solutions

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=+ 4. Infantile amnesia best explains whya. Justina, age 25, cannot remember hearing Japanese when she was 10.b. Ella, age 10, has no memories of her third birthday party.c. Karla, age 3, can't understand why her new brother is crying.d. Becka, age 2, is unable to remember where she left her
=+3. Which of the following is true of the early formation of brain cells?a. They form at a constant rate throughout the prenatal period.b. They begin forming slowly, and then the rate increases throughout prenatal development.c. They form slowly during the prenatal period, and then the rate
=+2. Maturation explains whya. we stand before we walk.b. we like familiar people.c. we learn the language accents of our peers.d. infants become attracted to scents associated with their mother's nursing.e. the brain shuts down unused connections.
=+1. As the infant's brain develops, some neural pathways will decay if not used. This use-it-or-lose-it process is known asa. motor development.b. pruning.c. heredity.d. amnesia.e. maturation.
=+ 46-2 Discuss how an infant's brain begins processing memories.
=+46-1 Describe key developmental changes in the brain and in motor skills during infancy and childhood.
=+a. Nature and nurtureb. Maturation and learningc. Prenatal and neonatald. Stability and changee. Continuity and stages
=+ Which of the following issues would this difference of opinion relate to?
=+a tadpole into a frog.
=+6. Some people think development occurs in the same way a tree grows slowly and steadily. Others think that there are rather abrupt developmental jumps-more like the transformation of
=+a. Zygote, fetus, embryob. Fetus, zygote, embryoc. Embryo, zygote, fetusd. Zygote, embryo, fetuse. Fetus, embryo, zygote
=+5. What is the prenatal development sequence?
=+4. Which developmental issue best represents how our genes and environment interact?a. Habituation and maturationb. Stability and changec. Continuity and stabilityd. Continuity and stagese. Nature and nurture
=+3. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner. The decrease in an infant's responsiveness is calleda. concentration.b. teratogens.c. habituation.d. stability.e. a stage.
=+2. Even as newborns, we prefer sights and sounds that facilitate social responsiveness. This can be seen by a newborn's preference fora. soft music.b. face-like images.c. low pitched sounds.d. soft colors.e. loud music.
=+1. Juliette is experiencing lifelong physical and mental ab- normalities because her mother consumed alcohol while she was pregnant. The alcohol, because of the damage it caused, is considered a(n)a. reflex.b. embryo.c. teratogen.d. epigenetic.e. zygote.
=+O 45-3 Describe some abilities of the newborn, and explain how researchers are able to explore infants' mental abilities.
=+ 45-2 Discuss the course of prenatal development, and explain how teratogens affect that development.
=+45-1 Identify three issues that have engaged developmental psychologists.
=+44-6 Discuss predictors of happiness and how we can be happier.
=+ 44-5 Explain the feel- good, do-good phenomenon, discuss the focus of positive psychology research, and identify factors that affect our happiness levels.
=+44-4 Describe what is meant by the faith factor, and summarize some possible explanations for the link between faith and health.
=+-3 Describe how relaxation and meditation might influence stress and health.
=+44-2 Discuss the effectiveness of aerobic exercise as a way to manage stress and improve well- being.
=+44-1 Discuss the links among basic outlook on life, social support, and stress and health.
=+43-5 Discuss whether stress causes illness.
=+-4 Explain why some of us are more prone than others to coronary heart disease.
=+43-3 Discuss how stress makes us more vulnerable to disease.
=+43-2 Discuss how we respond and adapt to stress.
=+-1 Discuss how our appraisal of an event affects our stress reaction, and describe the three main types of stressors.
=+3. When asked to picture an angry person, researchers found thata. men tend to picture a man and women picture a woman.b. women tend to picture a man and men picture a woman.c. women and men both picture a woman.d. women and men both picture a man.e. the responses of men and women were too varied
=+2. Which of the following provides the largest nonverbal cue to the emotional state of another person?a. Bouncing legb. Eyebrowsc. Mouth and eyesd. Hair standing upe. Respiration rate
=+1. Researchers have discovered that people most readily identify which emotion, when given images of faces with a variety of facial expressions?a. Happinessb. Angerc. Sadnessd. Surprisee. Disgust
=+ 42-4 Explain how our facial expressions influence our feelings.
=+ 42-3 Discuss culture- specific and culturally universal gestures and facial expressions.
=+42-2 Discuss how the genders differ in their ability to communicate nonverbally.
=+42-1 Describe our ability to communicate nonverbally.
=+a. Information travels directly from the thalamus to the amygdala.b. The emotional response happens more slowly than it would via the "high road."c. It is an example of top-down processing.d. It is more likely to be utilized for complex feelings.e. It passes through the brain's cortex.
=+4. Which of the following characterizes the "low road" neural pathway to emotions?
=+3. Which of the following is an example of cognitive appraisal?a. Randall is happy all day because he is savoring the wonderful events of yesterday.b. Charles is frightened in a dark alley because he remembers stories of others being attacked in dark alleys.c. Sherika labels the arousal she is
=+ 2. The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states thata. emotional response occurs before cognition.b. physiological response occurs before emotional response.c. emotional response occurs before physiological response.d. cognition occurs before emotional response.e. physiological response and emotion
=+1. One night Samar became frightened when she was startled by a noise while walking down the street alone. Which theory of emotion would say that her fear resulted from the startle response alone?a. James-Langeb. Cannon-Bardc. Two-factord. Lazarus'e. Schachter-Singer's
=+41-5 Discuss the effectiveness of polygraphs in using body states to detect lies.
=+ 41-4 Discuss whether different emotions activate different physiological and brain-pattern responses.
=+41-3 Describe the basic emotions, and the link between emotional arousal and the autonomic nervous system.
=+41-2 Explain whether we can experience emotions without consciously interpreting and labeling them.
=+41-1 Describe how arousal, expressive behavior, and cognition interact in emotion.
=+40-3 Discuss achievement motivation.
=+40-2 Discuss how social networking influences us.
=+40-1 Describe the evidence that points to our human affiliation need-our need to belong.
=+39-3 Discuss how external and imagined stimuli contribute to sexual arousal.
=+ 39-2 Describe the human sexual response cycle.
=+39-1 Explain how hormones influence human sexual motivation.
=+38-3 Discuss how we are affected by obesity and the factors involved in weight management
=+-2 Discuss cultural and situational factors that influence hunger.
=+38-1 Describe the physiological factors that produce hunger.
=+a. a person in a war zone is not interested in being self-actualized.b. a lonely person does not look beyond themselves to find their identity.c. a hungry person works hard to feed herself.d. a prisoner engages in a hunger strike to improve their cell conditions.e. a teenager with many friends
=+ 5. Maslow's hierarchy of needs would have difficulty explaining why
=+4. Which of the following is the most basic motive in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?a. Belongingness and love needsb. Physiological needsc. Esteem needsd. Self-actualization needse. Self-transcendence needs
=+ 3. Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from the Yerkes-Dodson law?a. Performance on easy tasks is best when arousal is low.b. Performance is best when arousal is extremely high.c. Performance is best when arousal is extremely low.d. Performance on difficult tasks is best
=+ 2. Karl is hungry, so he eats a hamburger and does not feel hungry anymore. Karl's hunger can best be described as a(n)a. drive.b. instinct.c. incentive.d. reflex.e. extrinsic reward.
=+1. Instinct theory is related to the. psychology.a. motivationalb. evolutionaryc. arousal perspective ofd. drive-reductione. self-actualization
=+37-2 Explain how some needs are more compelling than others.
=+37-1 Define motivation as psychologists use the term, and identify the perspectives useful for studying motivated behavior.
5. An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at higher risk for developing psychological disorders is calleda. deep brain stimulation.b. the mood-stabilizing perspective.c. spontaneous recovery.d. preventive mental health.
4. When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)may be used as a treatment for people witha. severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.b. severe depression.c. schizophrenia.d. anxiety disorders.
3. A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and lows of a bipolar disorder is .
2. Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can become addictive when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as drugs.
1. Some antipsychotic drugs, used to calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notablya. hyperactivity.b. momentary memory loss.c. sluggishness, tremors, and twitches.d. paranoia.
LOQ 16-17: What may help prevent psychological disorders, and why is it important to develop resilience?
LOQ 16-16: How are brain stimulation and psychosurgery used in treating specific disorders?
LOQ 16-15: What are the drug therapies? How do double-blind studies help researchers evaluate a drug’s effectiveness?
LOQ 16-14: Why is therapeutic lifestyle change considered an effective biomedical therapy, and how does it work?
Consider ways to build your own resilience by engaging with Assess Your Strengths—How Resilient Are You, and Why Should You Build More Resilience?
RP-5 What is the difference between preventive mental health and the psychological or biomedical therapies?
What were your impressions of biomedical therapies before reading this section? Are any of your views different now?Why or why not?
RP-4 Severe depression that has not responded to other therapy may be treated with , which can cause some memory loss of the preceding hours. More moderate neural stimulation techniques designed to help alleviate depression include direct current stimulation, magnetic stimulation, and stimulation.
RP-3 The drugs given most often to treat depression are called . Schizophrenia is often treated with drugs.
RP-2 How do researchers determine if particular drug therapies are effective?
RP-1 What are some examples of lifestyle changes people can make to enhance their mental health?
4. Psychotherapies help people by providing , a new perspective, and an empathic, trusting, caring relationship.
3. What are the three components of evidence-based practice?
2. Studies show that therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders.a. behaviorb. humanisticc. psychodynamicd. no one type of
1. The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes froma. outcome research.b. randomized clinical trials.c. reports of clinicians and clients.d. a government study of treatment for depression.
LOQ 16-13: What ethical principles guide psychotherapy and psychological research on mental illness?
LOQ 16-12: When should a person seek therapy, and what should people look for when selecting a therapist?
LOQ 16-11: What personal factors influence the therapist-client relationship?
LOQ 16-10: What three elements are shared by all forms of psychotherapy?
LOQ 16-9: Are some psychotherapies more effective than others for specific disorders?
LOQ 16-8: Does psychotherapy work? How can we know?
RP-5 There are many acceptable mental health treatment and study approaches, but all therapists and psychological researchers must follow principles.
RP-4 Those who undergo psychotherapy are (more/less) likely to show improvement than those who do not undergo psychotherapy.
Based on what you’ve read, would you seek therapy if you were struggling with a problem? Why or why not? If you’ve experienced therapy, does what you’ve learned influence your feelings about the experience?
RP-3 What is evidence-based practice?
RP-2 Therapy is most likely to be helpful for those with problems that (are/are not) well-defined.
RP-1 How might the placebo effect bias clients’ and clinicians’ appraisals of the effectiveness of psychotherapies?
12. In family therapy, the therapist assumes thata. only one family member needs to change.b. each person’s actions trigger reactions from other family members.c. dysfunctional family behaviors are based largely on genetic factors.d. therapy is most effective when clients are treated apart from
11. - therapy helps people to change their selfdefeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior.
10. Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treatinga. nail biting.b. specific phobias.c. alcohol use disorder.d. depressive disorders.
9. At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n).

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Psychology 13th Edition David G. Myers, C. Nathan DeWall - Solutions

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