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statistics
elementary statistics a step by step approach

Questions and Answers of Elementary Statistics A Step By Step Approach

For a banquet, a committee can select beef, pork, chicken, or veal; baked potatoes or mashed potatoes; and peas or green beans for a vegetable. Draw a tree diagram for all possible choices of a meat,
At a sorority meeting, there are 6 seniors, 4 juniors, and 2 phomores. If a committee of 3 is to be formed, find the probability that 1 of each will be selected.
A coin is tossed 5 times; find the probability of getting at least 1 tail. Would you consider this event likely to happen? Explain your answer.
A cruise director schedules 4 different movies, 2 bridge games, and 3 tennis games for a two-day period. If a couple selects 3 activities, find the probability that they attend 2 movies and 1 tennis
On a lunch counter, there are 3 oranges, 5 apples, and 2 bananas. If 3 pieces of fruit are selected, find the probability that 1 orange, 1 apple, and 1 banana are selected.
How many different ways can 5 cellular telephones be selected from 8 cellular phones?
A physics test consists of 25 true/false questions. How many different possible answer keys can be made?
If 4 cards are drawn from a deck of 52 and not replaced, find the probability of getting at least 1 club.
How many different arrangements of the letters in the word number can be made?
One company’s ID cards consist of 5 letters followed by 2 digits. How many cards can be made if repetitions are allowed? If repetitions are not allowed?
A soda machine servicer must restock and collect money from 15 machines, each one at a different location. How many ways can she select 4 machines to service in 1 day?
How many different ways can 8 speakers be seated on a stage?
If a student can select 5 novels from a reading list of 20 for a course in literature, how many different possible ways can this selection be done?
How many ways can 5 sopranos and 4 altos be selected from 7 sopranos and 9 altos?
How many ways can a committee of 4 people be selected from a group of 10 people?
If 85% of all people have brown eyes and 6 people are selected at random, find the probability that at least 1 of them has brown eyes.
A single die is rolled 4 times. Find the probability of getting at least one 5.
When a meteorologist says that there is a 30% chance of showers, what type of probability is the person using?a. Classicalb. Empirical c. Relatived. Subjective
A knitted hat pattern comes in 4 styles with 4 stitch options and 3 sizes, and there are 7 yarns appropriate for the hat. Disregarding size, how many different hats can be made?
At a convention there are 7 mathematics instructors, 5 computer science instructors, 3 statistics instructors, and 4 science instructors. If an instructor is selected, find the probability of getting
The probability that a person owns a car is 0.80, that a person owns a boat is 0.30, and that a person owns both a car and a boat is 0.12. Find the probability that a person owns either a boat or a
The probability that an event happens is 0.42. What is the probability that the event won’t happen?a. 0.42b. 0.58 c. 0d. 1
When objects are arranged in a specific order, the arrangement is called a combination.
The data show the U.S. population by age. Under 20 years 27.0% 20 years and over 73.0 65 years and over 13.1 Choose one person from the United States at random. Find the probability that the person
The arrangement ABC is the same as BAC for combinations.
If 50 tickets are sold and 2 prizes are to be awarded, find the probability that one person will win 2 prizes if that person buys 2 tickets.
Eight dogs are selected for the final round of a dog show to compete for best of show. How many different ways can they line up to enter the ring? The judge then randomly chooses the dogs to parade
In 2010 about 69.6% of fulltime law enforcement workers were sworn officers, and of those, 88.2% were male. Females, however,make up 60.8% of civilian employees. Choose one law enforcement worker at
Cheap Rentals has nothing but budget cars for rental. The probability that a car has air conditioning is 0.5, and the probability that a car has a CD player is 0.37. The probability that a car has
If two events are dependent, they must have the same probability of occurring.
Consider the U.S. Senate. Find out about the composition of any three of the Senate’s standing committees. How many different committees of Senators are possible, knowing the party composition of
At a particular fitness center, 64.1% of the members take at least one class, 18.6% work with a personal trainer, and 9.2% do both. If a member of the center is selected at random, what is the
When two events are not mutually exclusive, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).
Assume that the gender distribution of babies is such that one-half the time females are born and one-half the time males are born. In a family of 3 children, what is the probability that all are
We know that if the probability of an event happening is 100%, then the event is a certainty. Can it be concluded that if there is a 50% chance of contracting a communicable disease through contact
What are equally likely events?
In classical probability, all outcomes in the sample space are equally likely.
A music player or music organization program can keep track of how many different artists are in a library. First note how many different artists are in your music library. Then find the probability
How many people do you think need to be in a room so that 2 people will have the same birthday (month and day)?You might think it is 366. This would, of course, guarantee it (excluding leap year),
How many different ways can 6 different video game cartridges be arranged on a shelf?
Classical probability uses a frequency distribution to compute probabilities.
When poker games are shown on television, there are often percentages displayed that show how likely it is that a certain hand will win. Investigate how these percentages are determined. Show an
Chevalier de Méré won money when he bet unsuspecting patrons that in 4 rolls of 1 die, he could get at least one 6; but he lost money when he bet that in 24 rolls of 2 dice, he could get at least a
Define sample space.
Subjective probability has little use in the real world.
Select a pizza restaurant and a sandwich shop. For the pizza restaurant look at the menu to determine how many sizes, crust types, and toppings are available. How many different pizza types are
A con man has 3 coins. One coin has been specially made and has a head on each side. A second coin has been specially made, and on each side it has a tail. Finally, a third coin has a head and a tail
What is a probability experiment?
The national average for mathematics SATs in 2011 was 514. Suppose that the distribution of scores was approximately bell-shaped and that the standard deviation was approximately 40. Within what
A useful mean in the physical sciences (such as voltage) is the quadratic mean (QM), which is found by taking the square root of the average of the squares of each value. The formula isThe quadratic
The first column of these data represents the prebuy gas price of a rental car, and the second column represents the price charged if the car is returned without refilling the gas tank for a selected
A student scored 76 on a general science test where the class mean and standard deviation were 82 and 8, respectively; he also scored 53 on a psychology test where the class mean and standard
Check each data set for outliers.a. 88, 72, 97, 84, 86, 85, 100b.145, 119, 122, 118,
If the range of a data set is 18, estimate the standard deviation of the data.
The average national SAT score is 1019. If we assume a bell-shaped distribution and a standard deviation equal to 110, what percentage of scores will you expect to fall above 1129? Above 799?
Eleven major earthquakes had Richter magnitudes as shown. Find the first and third quartiles for the data.7.0, 6.2, 7.7, 8.0, 6.4,
The average number of newspapers for sale in an airport newsstand is 56 with a standard deviation of 6. The average number of newspapers for sale in a convenience store is 44 with a standard
The data show the number of sheep in the top 12 major sheep-producing states. Find the first and third quartiles for the data. Arizona 160,000 California 610,000 Colorado
In an advertisement, a retail store stated that its employees averaged 9 years of service. The distribution is shown here.Using the weighted mean, calculate the correct average. Number of
A random selection of state gasoline taxes per gallon is given below. Find the first and third quartile values for the data.16 18 35.3 25 23.5
The distribution of the number of errors that 10 students made on a typing test is shown.Find each of these.a. Mean b. Modal class c. Varianced. Standard deviation
The number of highway miles per gallon of the 10 worst vehicles is shown.12 15 13 14 15 16 17 16
The data show the number of murders in 25 selected cities. Find the variance and standard deviation for the data. Class
Find the percentile rank for each value in the data set. The data represent the values in billions of dollars of the damage of 10 hurricanes.1.1, 1.7, 1.9,
If the mode is to the left of the median and the mean is to the right of the median, then the distribution is _________ skewed.
The reported high temperatures of 23 cities of the United States in October are shown. Find the z values fora. A temperature of 80ºb. A temperature of 56º62 72 66
When the sum of the lowest data value and the highest data value is divided by 2, the measure is called the _________.
Research the famous Monty Hall probability problem. Conduct a simulation of the Monty Hall problem online using a simulation program or in class using live “contestants.” After 50 simulations
In a certain high-risk group, the chances of a person having suffered a heart attack are 55%. If 6 people are chosen, find the probability that at least 1 will have had a heart attack.
At a large factory, the employees were surveyed and classified according to their level of education and whether they attend a sports event at least once a month. The data are shown in the table.If
Evaluate each expression.a. 3C0b. 3C3c. 9C7d. 12C2e. 4C3
The following foreign adoptions (in the United States) occurred during these particular years.Choose one adoption at random from this chart.a. What is the probability that it was from Ethiopia given
In 2010 in the United States, there were 49,904,000 people not covered by health insurance. The numbers of those not covered in selected states are shown below (numbers in thousands.)CA 7209
The probability that Mike has to work overtime and it rains is 0.028. Mike hears the weather forecast, and there is a 50% chance of rain. Find the probability that he will have to work overtime,
Of the members of the Spring Lake Bowling Lanes, 57% have a lifetime membership and bowl regularly (three or more times a week). If 70% of the club members bowl regularly, find the probability that a
The total arrests for property crimes in the United States in a recent year were itemized as follows.Larceny/theft 1,334,933Burglary
The probability that a customer will buy a new car and an extended warranty is 0.16. If the probability that a customer will purchase a new car is 0.30, find the probability that the customer will
The top 10 names for boys in America in the 1880s were John, William, Charles, George, James, Frank, Joseph, Harry, Henry, and Edward. The top 10 names for boys in the 1980s were Michael,
The probability that Samantha will be accepted by the college of her choice and obtain a scholarship is 0.35. If the probability that she is accepted by the college is 0.65, find the probability that
Five cards are drawn from an ordinary deck without replacement. Find the probability of gettinga. All red cardsb. All diamondsc. All aces
Of the physics graduates of a university, 30% received a starting salary of $30,000 or more. If 5 of the graduates are selected at random, find the probability that all had a starting salary of
In a game of craps, a player loses on the roll if a 2, 3, or 12 is tossed on the first roll. Find the probability of losing on the first roll.
The probability that a person owns a microwave oven is 0.75, that a person owns a compact disk player is 0.25, and that a person owns both a microwave and a CD player is 0.16. Find the probability
A breakdown of the sources of energy used in the United States is shown below. Choose one energy source at random. Find the probability that it isa. Not oilb. Natural gas or oilc. NuclearOil 39%
Three dice are rolled. Find the probability of gettinga. Triples b. A sum of 5
When 2 dice are rolled, find the probability of gettinga. A sum of 6 or 7b. A sum greater than 8c. A sum less than 3 or greater than 8d. A sum that is divisible by 3e. A sum of 16f. A sum less than 11
Eighty-one percent of U.S. households have DVD players. Choose 6 households at random. What is the probability that at least 1 does not have a DVD player?
U.S. growers harvested 11 billion bushels of corn in 2005. About 1.9 billion bushels were exported, and 1.6 billion bushels were used for ethanol. Choose one bushel of corn at random. What is the
At a men’s clothing store, 12 men purchased blue golf sweaters, 8 purchased green sweaters, 4 purchased gray sweaters, and 7 bought black sweaters. If a customer is selected at random, find
When two dice are rolled, the sample space consists of how many events?a. 6b. 12 c. 36d. 54
The complement of guessing 5 correct answers on a 5-question true/false exam isa. Guessing 5 incorrect answersb. Guessing at least 1 incorrect answerc. Guessing at least 1 correct answerd. Guessing
Classify each statement as an example of classical probability, empirical probability, or subjective probability.a. The probability that a person will watch the 6 o’clock evening news is 0.15.b.
The sample space for tossing 3 coins consists of how many outcomes?a. 2b. 4 c. 6d. 8
A probability experiment is conducted. Which of these cannot be considered a probability outcome?a. 2/3b. 0.63 c. -3/5d. 1.65e. -0.44f. 0 g. 1h. 125%i. 24%
When a card is drawn from a deck, find the probability of gettinga. A diamondb. A 5 or a heartc. A 5 and a heartd. A kinge. A red card
When a card is drawn, find the probability of gettinga. A jack b. A 4c. A card less than 6 (an ace is considered above 6)
Of all the murder victims in 2010 whose relation to the offender was known, 24.8% were killed by a family member and 53% by an acquaintance. The rest were killed by a stranger. What is the
When two events cannot occur at the same time, they are said to be ________.
The sum of the probabilities of the events in the sample space is ________.
The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment is called the ________.

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