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physics
mechanics
Fundamentals of Physics 8th Extended edition Jearl Walker, Halliday Resnick - Solutions
In terms of net charge, how does an electrically polarized object differ from an electrically charged object?
What is an electric dipole?
A car takes 10 s to go from v = 0 m/s to v = 25 m/s at constant acceleration. If you wish to find the distance traveled using the equation d = 1/2at2, what value should you use for a?
Give an example of a common electric dipole.
Give two examples of common force fields.
How is the direction of an electric field defined?
Why is there no electric field at the center of a charged spherical conductor?
When charges mutually repel and distribute themselves on the surface of conductors, what becomes of the electric field inside the conductor?
How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge that flows through a 1.5-V battery?
Where is the energy stored in a capacitor?
Demonstrate charging by friction and discharging from points with a friend who stands at the far end of a carpeted room. Scuff your way across the rug until your noses are close together. This can be a delightfully tingling experience, depending on how dry the air is and how pointed your noses are.
Write a letter to Grandpa and tell him why he'd be safe in a lightning storm if he was inside an automobile.
Briskly rub a comb through your hair or on a woolen garment and bring it near a small but smooth stream of running water. Is the stream of water deflected?
A track is made from a piece of channel iron as shown. A ball released at the left end of the track continues past the various points. Rank the speeds of the ball at points A, B, C, and D, from fastest to slowest. (Watch for tie scores.)
At the atomic level, what is meant by saying that something is electrically charged?
Why is charge usually transferred by electrons rather than by protons?
Why is dust attracted to a DVD wiped with a dry cloth?
When combing your hair, you scuff electrons from your hair onto the comb. Is your hair then positively or negatively charged? How about the comb?
At some automobile toll booths, a thin metal wire protrudes from the road, making contact with cars before they reach the toll collector. What is the purpose of this wire?
When one material is rubbed against another, electrons jump readily from one to the other but protons do not. Why is this? (Think in atomic terms.)
What does the inverse-square law tell you about the relationship between force and distance?
The 50,000 billion billion (5 × 1022) freely moving electrons in a penny repel one another. Why don't they fly out of the penny?
How does the magnitude of the electrical force between a pair of charged particles change when the particles are moved half as far apart? One-third as far apart?
When you double the distance between a pair of charged particles, what happens to the force between them? Does it depend on the sign of the charges? What law defends your answer?
Mo measures his reaction time to be 0.18 s in Think and Do Exercise 27. Jo measures her reaction time to be 0.20 s. Who has the more favorable reaction time? Explain.
When you double the charge on only one of a pair of particles, what effect does this have on the force between them? Does the effect depend on the sign of the charge?
When you double the charge on both particles in a pair, what effect does this have on the force between them? Does it depend on the sign of the charge?
How do electric field lines indicate the strength of an electric field?
How is the direction of an electric field indicated with electric field lines?
Suppose that the strength of the electric field about an isolated point charge has a certain value at a distance of 1 m. How will the electric field strength compare at a distance of 2 m from the point charge? What law guides your answer?
In the phenomenon of superconductivity, what happens to electrical resistance at low temperatures?
Measurements show that there is an electric field surrounding Earth. Its magnitude is about 100 N/C at Earth's surface, and it points inward toward Earth's center. From this information, can you state whether Earth is negatively or positively charged?
Why are lightning rods normally at a higher elevation than the buildings they protect?
Why aren't metal-spiked shoes a good idea for golfers on a stormy day?
When a car is moved into a painting chamber, a mist of paint is sprayed around its body. When the body is given a sudden electric charge and mist is attracted to it-presto-the car is quickly and uniformly painted. What does the phenomenon of polarization have to do with this?
Jo, with a reaction time of 0.2 second, rides her bike at a speed of 6.0 m/s. She encounters an emergency situation and "immediately" applies her brakes. How far does Jo travel before she actually applies the brakes?
How will the directions of travel compare for the electron and the proton in the preceding problem?
Why is the magnitude of the electric field zero midway between identical point charges?
When an electric field is applied to a shallow bath of vegetable oil, why do tiny bits of thread floating in the oil align with the field like compasses in a magnetic field?
Suppose that a metal file cabinet is charged. How does the charge concentration at the corners of the cabinet compare with the charge concentration on the flat parts of the cabinet?
If you expend 10 J of work to push a 1-C charge against an electric field, what is its change of voltage?
When released, what is the kinetic energy of the 1-C charge of the preceding problem if it flies past its starting position?
What is the voltage at the location of a 0.0001-C charge that has an electric potential energy of 0.5 J (both measured relative to the same reference point)?
Why is it safe to remain inside a car during a lightning storm? Discuss.
How do the charges on opposing plates of a capacitor compare?
An electron volt (eV) is a unit of energy. Which is larger: a GeV or a MeV?
What is the impact speed of a car moving at 100 km/h that bumps into the rear of another car traveling in the same direction at 98 km/h?
What is the magnitude of the electric field inside the dome of a charged Van de Graaff generator?
A friend says that the reason one's hair stands out while touching a charged Van de Graaff generator is simply that the hair strands become charged and are light enough so that the repulsion between strands is visible. Do you agree or disagree?
When you remove your wool suit from the dry cleaner's garment bag, the bag becomes positively charged. Discuss how this occurs.
Plastic wrap becomes electrically charged when pulled from its box. As a result, it is attracted to objects such as food containers. Does the wrap stick better to plastic containers or to metal containers? Discuss
If electrons were positive and protons were negative, discuss whether Coulomb's law would be written the same or differently.
What term is used for "electricity at rest"?
Why does the gravitational force between Earth and the Moon predominate over electrical forces?
Which part of an atom is positively charged, and which part is negatively charged?
How does the charge of one electron compare with the charge of another electron? How does it compare with the charge of a proton?
What is most commonly the net charge of an atom?
Suzie Surefoot can paddle a canoe in still water at 8 km/h. How successful will she be canoeing upstream in a river that flows at 8 km/h?
What is a positive ion? A negative ion?
What is meant by conservation of charge?
What is meant by saying that charge is quantized?
Name one particle that has exactly one quantum unit of charge.
How does one coulomb of charge compare with the charge of a single electron?
How is Coulomb's law similar to Newton's law of gravitation? How is it different?
Why are metals good conductors both of heat and of electricity?
Does a battery produce dc or ac? Does the generator at a power station produce dc or ac?
What does it mean to say that a certain current is 60 Hz?
What property of a diode enables it to convert ac to pulsed dc?
Is a fine for speeding based on one's average speed or instantaneous speed? Explain.
A diode converts ac to pulsed dc. What electrical device smoothes the pulsed dc to a smoother dc?
What is the error in saying that electrons in a common battery-driven circuit travel at about the speed of light?
Why does a wire that carries electric current become hot?
What is meant by drift velocity?
What is the error in saying that the source of electrons in a circuit is the battery or generator?
When you make your household electric payment at the end of the month, which are you billed for: voltage, current, power, or energy?
From where do the electrons originate that produce an electric shock when you touch a charged conductor?
What is the relationship among electric power, current, and voltage?
Which of these is a unit of power and which is a unit of energy: a watt, a kilowatt, a kilowatt-hour?
How does the heat emitted by lamps affect their efficiency?
Light travels in a straight line at a constant speed of 300,000 km/s. What is the acceleration of light?
In a circuit of two lamps in series, if the current through one lamp is 1 A, what is the current through the other lamp? Defend your answer.
If a voltage of 6 V is impressed across the circuit in the preceding question and the voltage across the first lamp is 2 V, what is the voltage across the second lamp? Defend your answer.
In a circuit of two lamps in parallel, if there is a voltage of 6 V across one lamp, what is the voltage across the other lamp?
How does the sum of the currents through the branches of a simple parallel circuit compare with the current in the voltage source?
What is the function of fuses or circuit breakers in a circuit?
An electric cell is made by placing two plates made of different materials that have different affinities for electrons in a conducting solution. The voltage of a cell depends on the materials used and the solutions they are placed in, not on the size of the plates. (A cell is often called a
Examine the electric meter in your house. It is probably in the basement or on the outside of the house. You will see that, in addition to the clocklike dials in the meter, there is a circular aluminum disk that spins between the poles of magnets when electric current goes into the house. The more
Send a letter to Grandma and convince her that whatever electric shocks she may have received over the years have been due to the movement of electrons already in her body-not electrons from somewhere else.
A toaster has a heating element of 15 Ω and is connected to a 120-V outlet. Show that the current drawn by the toaster is 8 A.
When you touch your fingers (resistance 1000 Ω) to the terminals of a 6-V battery, show that the small current moving through your fingers is 0.006 A.
In daily life, people are often praised for maintaining some particular point of view, for the "courage of their convictions." A change of mind is seen as a sign of weakness. How is this different in science?
You're traveling in a car at some specified speed limit. You see a car moving at the same speed coming toward you. How fast is the car approaching you, compared with the speed limit?
Calculate the current in the 240-V filament of a bulb connected to a 120-V line. Power = I × V
An electric toy draws 0.5 A from a 120-V outlet. Show that the toy consumes 60 W of power.
Calculate the power of a hair dryer that operates on 120 V and draws a current of 10 A.
What is the effect on the current in a wire if both the voltage across it and its resistance are doubled? If both are halved?
Rearrange the equation current 5 voltage/resistance to express resistance in terms of current and voltage. Then solve the following: A certain device in a 120-V circuit has a current rating of 20 A. What is the resistance of the device (how many ohms)?
The total charge that an automobile battery can supply without being recharged is given in terms of amperehours. A typical 12-V battery has a rating of 60 amperehours (60 A for 1 h, 30 A for 2 h, and so on). Suppose that you forget to turn the headlights off in your parked automobile. If each of
Rank the circuits illustrated according to the brightness of the identical bulbs, from brightest to dimmest.
Consider the three parts of the circuit: A, the top branch with two bulbs; B, the middle branch with one bulb; C, the battery.a. Rank the currents through each, from greatest to least.b. Rank the voltages across each, from greatest to least.
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