Essential University Physics 3rd Edition Volume 2 Richard Wolfsonby - Solutions

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What condition is necessary for a sustained flow of electric charge through a conducting medium?
What two things can be done to increase the amount of flow in a water pipe? Similarly, what two things can be done to increase the current in an electric circuit?
You are driving north on a highway. Then, without changing speed, you round a curve and drive east. (a) Does your velocity change? (b) Do you accelerate? Explain.
Consider a water pipe that branches into two smaller pipes. If the flow of water is 10 gallons per minute in the main pipe and 4 gallons per minute in one of the branches, how much water per minute flows in the other branch?
Consider a circuit with a main wire that branches into two other wires. If the current is 10 A in the main wire and 4 A in one of the branches, how much current is in the other branch?
What happens to the brightness of light emitted by a lightbulb when the current flowing through it increases?
The circuit within an incandescent lamp is shown. Which of the battery arrangements will light the lamp?
Your friend says that a battery supplies the electrons in an electric circuit. Do you agree or disagree? Defend your answer.
How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through a 6-V battery?
Is a current-carrying wire electrically charged because of the electrons moving in it?
Your tutor tells you that an ampere and a volt really measure the same thing and that the different terms only serve to make a simple concept seem confusing. Why should you consider getting a different tutor?
Something gets "used up" in a battery that eventually dies and goes flat. One friend says that current is used up. Another friend says that energy is used up. Who, if either, do you agree with, and why?
Suppose you leave your car lights on while you see a movie. When you return, your battery is too "weak" to start your car. A friend gives you a jump-start with his battery and battery cables. What physics is occurring here?
Jacob says acceleration is how fast you go. Emily says acceleration is how fast you get fast. They look to you for confirmation. Who's correct?
Your friend says that, when jump-starting a dead battery, you should connect your live battery in parallel with the dead battery, which, in effect, replaces the dead one. Do you agree?
Why is the current in an incandescent bulb greater immediately after it is turned on than it is a few moments later? (That's why bulbs usually burn out just as they are being turned on.)
Only a small percentage of the electric energy fed into a common lightbulb is transformed into light. What happens to the remaining energy?
Why are all compact fluorescent lamps more efficient than incandescent lamps?
Why are thick wires rather than thin wires usually used to carry large currents?
Why does the filament of a lightbulb glow but the connecting wires do not?
Will a lamp with a thick filament draw more current or less current than a lamp with a thin filament?
As more lines are opened at a fast-food restaurant, the resistance to the motion of people trying to get served is reduced. How is this similar to what happens when more branches are added to a parallel circuit?
What unit signifies (a) joule per coulomb, (b) coulomb per second, (c) watt? second?
Which is the same for a 10-Ω and a 20-Ω resistor in series in a series circuit: current or voltage?
Starting from rest, one car accelerates to a speed of 50 km/h, and another car accelerates to a speed of 60 km/h. Can you say which car underwent the greater acceleration? Why or why not?
Which is the same for a 10-Ω and a 20-Ω resistor in parallel in a parallel circuit: current or voltage?
Comment on the warning sign shown in the sketch.
Is the following label on a household product cause for concern? "Caution: This product contains tiny, electrically charged particles moving at speeds in excess of 100,000,000 kilometers per hour."
Which will do less damage: plugging a 110-V hairdryer into a 220-V circuit or plugging a 220-V hairdryer into a 110-V circuit? Defend your answer.
Estimate the number of electrons that a power company delivers annually to the homes of a typical town of 40,000 people.
What happens to the brightness of bulb A when the switch is closed and bulb B lights up?
Why is there no effect on other branches in a parallel circuit when one branch of the circuit is opened or closed?
Are these three circuits equivalent? Why or why not?
Figure 23.19 shows a fuse placed in a household circuit. In what other locations might a fuse be placed in this circuit to be useful, melting only if a problem arises?Figure 23.19
To connect a pair of resistors so that their combined (equivalent) resistance will be greater than the resistance of either one, should you connect them in series or in parallel?
Galileo experimented with balls rolling on inclined planes of various angles. What is the range of accelerations from angles 0° to 90° (from what acceleration to what)?
If a glowing incandescent lightbulb is jarred and oxygen leaks inside, the bulb will momentarily brighten considerably before burning out. Putting excess current through a lightbulb will also burn it out. What physical change occurs when a lightbulb burns out?
Your friend says that the equivalent (combined) resistance of resistors connected in series is always greater than the resistance of the largest resistor. Do you agree?
Your friend says that the equivalent (combined) resistance of resistors connected in parallel is always less than the resistance of the smallest resistor. Do you agree?
Your electronics friend needs a 20-Ω resistor but has only 40- Ω resistors. He tells you that he can combine them to produce a 20- Ω resistor. How?
Your electronics friend needs a 10- Ω resistor but has only 40- Ω ones. How can he combine them to produce an equivalent resistance of 10 Ω?
What condition is necessary for the flow of heat? What analogous condition is necessary for the flow of charge?
What condition is necessary for the sustained flow of water in a pipe? What analogous condition is necessary for the sustained flow of charge in a wire?
Why are electrons, rather than protons, the principal charge carriers in metal wires?
What exactly is an ampere?
Name two kinds of practical "electric pumps."
Suppose that a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer. By how much would its reading in speed increase with each second of fall?
How much energy is supplied to each coulomb of charge that flows through a 12-V battery?
Does electric charge flow across a circuit or through a circuit? Does voltage flow across a circuit or is it impressed across a circuit?
Will water flow more easily through a wide pipe or a narrow pipe? Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire?
Does heating a metal wire increase or decrease its electrical resistance?
What is the unit of electrical resistance?
If the voltage impressed across a circuit is held constant while the resistance doubles, what change occurs in the current?
If the resistance of a circuit remains constant while the voltage across the circuit decreases to half its former value, what change occurs in the current?
How does wetness affect the resistance of your body?
What is the function of the round third prong in a modern household electrical plug?
What happens to the direction of the magnetic field about an electric current when the direction of the current is reversed?
Suppose that the freely falling object in the preceding exercise were also equipped with an odometer. Would the readings of distance fallen each second indicate equal or different falling distances for successive seconds?
Why is the magnetic field strength greater inside a current carrying loop of wire than about a straight section of wire?
Why does a piece of iron in a current-carrying loop increase the magnetic field strength?
Why are the magnetic fields of superconducting magnets often stronger than those of conventional magnets?
True or false: A charged particle must move in a stationary magnetic field in order that a force due to the field act on it.
In what direction relative to a magnetic field does a charged particle move in order to experience maximum deflecting force? Minimum deflecting force?
What effect does Earth's magnetic field have on the intensity of cosmic rays striking Earth's surface?
What relative direction between a magnetic field and a current-carrying wire results in the greatest force?
How does a galvanometer detect electric current?
What is a galvanometer called when it has been calibrated to read current? When it has been calibrated to read voltage?
How often is current reversed in the loops of an electric motor?
If air resistance can be ignored, how does the acceleration of a ball that has been tossed straight upward compare with its acceleration if simply dropped?
Is it correct to say that an electric motor extends the physics that underlies a galvanometer?
Why are there probably no permanently aligned magnetic domains in Earth's core?
What are magnetic pole reversals?
What is the cause of the aurora borealis (northern lights)?
Name at least six creatures that are known to harbor tiny magnets within their bodies.
When do cosmic rays penetrate your body?
Find the direction and dip of Earth's magnetic field lines in your locality. Magnetize a large steel needle or a straight piece of steel wire by stroking it a couple dozen times with a strong magnet. Run the needle or wire through a cork in such a way that, when the cork floats, your thin magnet
An iron bar can be easily magnetized by aligning it with the magnetic field lines of Earth and striking it lightly a few times with a hammer. This works best if the bar is tilted down to match the dip of Earth's field. The hammering jostles the domains so they are better able to fall into alignment
Many dry cereals are fortified with iron, which is added to the cereal in the form of small iron particles. How might these particles be separated from the cereal?
All atoms have moving electric charges. Why, then, aren't all materials magnetic?
Boy Bob stands at the edge of a cliff (as in Figure 3.8) and throws a ball nearly straight up at a certain speed and another ball nearly straight down with the same initial speed. If air resistance is negligible, which ball will have the greater speed when it strikes the ground below?
Do the poles of a horseshoe magnet attract each other? If you bend the magnet so that the poles get closer together, what happens to the force between the poles?
Why isn't it advisable to make a horseshoe magnet from a flexible material?
What kind of force field surrounds a stationary electric charge? What additional field surrounds it when it moves?
Why aren't permanent magnets really permanent?
We know that a compass points northward because Earth is a giant magnet. Will the northward-pointing needle point northward when the compass is brought to the Southern Hemisphere?
In what position can a current-carrying loop of wire be located in a magnetic field so that it doesn't tend to rotate?
Magnet A has twice the magnetic field strength of magnet B (at equal distance) and, at a certain distance, it pulls on magnet B with a force of 50 N. With how much force, then, does magnet B pull on magnet A?
In Figure 24.15 we see a magnet exerting a force on a current-carrying wire. Does a current-carrying wire exert a force on a magnet? Why or why not?Figure 24.15
A loudspeaker consists of a cone attached to a current carrying coil located in a magnetic field. What is the relationship between vibrations in the current and vibrations of the cone?
Will a superconducting magnet use less electric power than a traditional copper-wire electromagnet of the same field strength? Defend your answer.
While rolling balls down an inclined plane, Galileo observes that the ball rolls 1 cubit (the distance from elbow to fingertip) as he counts to 10. How far will the ball have rolled from its starting point when he has counted to 20?
A beam of electrons passes through a magnetic field without being deflected. What can you conclude about the orientation of the beam relative to the magnetic field? (Ignore any other fields.)
A proton moves in a circular path perpendicular to a constant magnetic field. If the field strength of the magnet is increased, does the diameter of the circular path increase, decrease, or remain the same?
Why do astronauts keep to altitudes beneath the Van Allen radiation belts when walking in space?
Will a pair of parallel current-carrying wires exert forces on each other?
What is the magnetic effect of placing two wires with equal but oppositely directed currents close together or twisted about each other?
In preparation for an MRI scan, why are patients advised to remove eyeglasses, watches, jewelry, and other metal objects?
In what direction would a compass needle point, if it were free to point in all directions, when located near Earth's north magnetic pole in Canada?
A magnet can exert a force on a moving charged particle, but it cannot change the particle's kinetic energy. Why not?
When a current is passed through a helically coiled spring, the spring contracts as if it's compressed. What's your explanation?

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Essential University Physics 3rd Edition Volume 2 Richard Wolfsonby - Solutions

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