New Semester
Started
Get
50% OFF
Study Help!
--h --m --s
Claim Now
Question Answers
Textbooks
Find textbooks, questions and answers
Oops, something went wrong!
Change your search query and then try again
S
Books
FREE
Study Help
Expert Questions
Accounting
General Management
Mathematics
Finance
Organizational Behaviour
Law
Physics
Operating System
Management Leadership
Sociology
Programming
Marketing
Database
Computer Network
Economics
Textbooks Solutions
Accounting
Managerial Accounting
Management Leadership
Cost Accounting
Statistics
Business Law
Corporate Finance
Finance
Economics
Auditing
Tutors
Online Tutors
Find a Tutor
Hire a Tutor
Become a Tutor
AI Tutor
AI Study Planner
NEW
Sell Books
Search
Search
Sign In
Register
study help
business
business communication process
A First Look At Communication Theory 10th Edition Emory A. Griffin, Ledbetter, Sparks - Solutions
Petronio says that ownership and control of private information don’t always go together. Can you imagine a situation where you are the sole owner of a secret yet have no control over its disclosure or discovery?
CPM states that those who are privy to private information can avoid boundary turbulence by negotiating mutual privacy rules. Why do you think many disclosers and their confidants fail to have this discussion?
You want to share a secret with a friend but fear embarrassment. How would CPM explain this situation? How about social penetration theory? Relational dialectics theory? Where do the theories agree and disagree?
Draw a map of part of your social network. For whom are you a strong tie? A weak tie? When have you seen a weak tie provide strong benefits for you? For the other person?
Make a list of two or three strong ties and note the media you use with each.Now do the same for two or three weak ties. Which media do you tend to allocate to each type of tie? Why? What groups in your life shape these media use expectations?
Imagine you were to lose your cell phone for a week. How would this change your social life? Which relationships, if any, would be strongly affected? Which, if any, wouldn’t be affected at all?
Identify one communication medium you enjoy and one you don’t. Reflect onwhy that’s the case. Do your attitudes toward these media have more to do with the characteristics of the media themselves or with how people you know tend to use them?
How does the concept of attitudes as latitudes help you understand your attitude toward the various requirements of this course?
Suppose you find out that the guy sitting next to you is highly ego-involved in the issue of gun control. Based on social judgment theory, what three predictions about his attitude structure would be reasonable to make?
What practical advice does social judgment theory offer if you want to ask your boss for a raise?
Do you have any ethical qualms about applying the wisdom of social judgment theory? Why or why not?
Can you think of five different words or phrases that capture the idea of message elaboration?
What peripheral cues do you usually monitor when someone is trying to influence you?
Petty and Cacioppo want to persuade you that their elaboration likelihood model is a mirror of reality. Do you process their arguments for its accuracy closer to your central route or your peripheral route? Why not the other way?
Students of persuasion often wonder whether high credibility or strong arguments sway people more. How would ELM theorists respond to that question?
Cognitive dissonance is a distressing mental state. When did you last experience this aversive drive? Why might you have trouble answering that question?
The results of Festinger’s famous $1/$20 experiment can be explained in a number of different ways. Which explanation do you find most satisfying?
Suppose you want your friends to change their sexist attitudes. What advice does the minimal justification hypothesis offer?
Cognitive dissonance theory says a lot about cognition—what goes on inside the mind. Why, then, is it in a communication theory textbook? What does communication have to do with dissonance creation and reduction?
Hirokawa and Gouran claim that small groups are like living systems. Do you see parallels between the four functional requisites of task groups and the body’s need for respiration, circulation, digestion, and elimination?
Given that the functional theory focuses on decision-making and problem-solving groups, why is its silence on relationship issues a problem?
Think of a time when you’ve been part of a task group that strayed from the goal path. What counteractive statement could you have made that might have brought it back on track?
Are you part of a bona fide small group? What institutional and historical issues would need to be discussed in order to reach a quality decision you could embrace and implement?
As a rhetorically sensitive scholar, Bormann defined SCT terms carefully. Can you distinguish between dramatizing messages and fantasies? Do you understand why it’s a difference that makes a difference?
Some critics dismiss SCT as a cookie-cutter approach to group analysis. Could this be said of most social science theories? Bormann regarded the charge as a compliment.35 Can you figure out why he was pleased rather than offended?
Bormann insisted that SCT is an objective theory that’s valid any time and in any culture, but that its methodology, fantasy theme analysis, is interpretive. Do you regard SCT as a better objective or interpretive theory? Why?
Bormann was intrigued with a T-shirt that proclaims, “I have given up my search for truth. Now I want to find a good fantasy.”36 Based on what you’ve read, does this slogan reflect the symbolic world of SCT advocates? Does it reflect yours?
Based on the concept of organizational culture as a system of shared meaning, how would you describe the culture at your school to a prospective student?
Anthropologists say, “We don’t know who discovered water, but we know it wasn’t the fish.” Does this adage suggest that it’s foolish to ask members of a culture to verify or challenge an ethnographer’s interpretation?
Think of your extended family as an organizational culture. What family ritual might you analyze to interpret the webs of significance you share for someone visiting your home?
What favorite story do you tell others about your most recent place of employment?Is it a corporate, personal, or collegial narrative?
The phrase communication constitutes organizations comes out of the socio-cultural tradition of communication theory. How might a cybernetic scholar describe the essence of organizations? A critical scholar?
According to McPhee, the four flows constitute an organization. Using this definition, is a family an organization? A religious congregation? A group of close friends? Your communication theory course?
What memorable messages do you remember from your membership negotiation at the school you now attend? Did you receive different messages from members versus nonmembers?
Some research investigates the challenges of organizations that function at a distance using communication technology. Which flow do you think is most difficult to sustain when workers can’t meet face-to-face?
Deetz contrasts information models that assume language reflects reality with communication models that assume reality emerges out of a relationship among self, others, language, and the world. Which theories that we’ve already covered fit the communication model?
Managers use strategy and consent to maintain control over subordinates. According to Deetz, which practice is more effective? Why?
The stakeholder model requires participation, not just involvement. What is the difference between the two practices?
To what extent do you agree with the following statement: “Autocracy at work is the price we pay for democracy after hours”? Does it apply equally to work in the classroom?
For most people today, the term rhetoric has unfavorable associations. What synonym or phrase captures what Aristotle meant yet doesn’t carry a negative connotation?
What enthymemes have advocates on each side of the abortion issue employed in their public deliberative rhetoric?
Aristotle divided ethos into issues of intelligence, character, and goodwill. Which quality is most important to you when you hear a campaign address, sermon, TED Talk, or other public speech?
Most scholars who define themselves as rhetoricians identify with the humanities rather than the sciences. Can you support the claim that Aristotle took a scientific approach to rhetoric?
Despite the fact that Burke was a rhetorical critic who described himself as a“word man,” he was convinced that the creation of language began the downfall of the human race. Why?
Find a popular song and examine its lyrics using the pentad. What elements do the lyrics emphasize? What is the dominant ratio? What does that say about the songwriter’s motivation?
Burke claims that all rhetoric ultimately expiates guilt through victimage. Pick one of the ethical reflections from another chapter. How would that ethical stance evaluate victimage? When is victimage right (if ever), and when is it wrong (if ever)?
Based on what you know of Burke, how would you apply Burke’s ideas to his own theory? What does he scapegoat? What are his god-terms and devil-terms?What elements of the pentad does he emphasize as he portrays the drama of human life?
Using Fisher’s definition of narration, can you think of any types of communication—other than jokes or phatic communication—that don’t fit within the narrative paradigm?
Fisher claims that the rational-world paradigm dominates Western education.Can you list college courses you’ve taken that adopt the assumptions of this conceptual framework?
What is the difference between narrative coherence and narrative fidelity?
You apply a logic of good reasons to the stories you hear. What are the values undergirding Buechner’s story of Hosea and Gomer? Which one do you most admire? What values do you hold that cause you to ultimately accept or reject his narrative?
What would McLuhan say about the impact of the Internet on the global village?Consider the fact that civic, political, and religious participation are declining in America.29 Has electronic technology increased social connectedness?
How are portable media devices such as smartphones, iPads, and handheld video games altering the media environment? How are these devices shaping sensibilities?
Beyond changes in content, what are the differences in experiencing a book and its translations into film or television?
Can you conceive of any way that McLuhan’s idea of media ecology could be proved false?
What are the signifier and signified of an engagement ring? Can you think of a way that this sign has already been stripped of history?
Why did Barthes think it was crucial to unmask or deconstruct the original denotation of a sign?
Identify two or more distinct nonverbal signifiers from different reality TV shows that have basically the same signified—“You’re out of here.”
“It’s not over ’til the fat lady sings”: what are the denotative signifier, signified, and sign to which this statement originally referred? When spoken about a baseball game, what connotative shift has altered the meaning of the original sign?
Hegemony is not a household word in the United States. How would you explain what the term means to your roommate? Can you think of a metaphor or an analogy that would clarify this critical concept?
What is the nature of Hall’s complaint about American media scholarship?
Hall said that the media encode the dominant ideology of our culture. If you don’t agree with his thesis, what evidence could he have mustered that would convince you he’s right? What evidence would you provide to counter his argument?
In what way is Roland Barthes’ semiotic perspective (see Chapter 26) similar to Hall’s cultural studies? How do they differ?
To what extent can you give an accurate report of the media content you consume?Are you always aware of the reasons you choose the media you do? Why or why not?
Consider Facebook and other social networking sites. Have you heard others express reasons for using Facebook that aren’t reflected in the typology proposed by Alan Rubin?
Do you think many people have parasocial relationships with media personalities?Were the people who grieved the death of the Glee star truly comforted by following his Twitter feed? Why or why not?
Think of a specific example of how two individuals might use the same media content to gratify different needs. How could these individuals experience very different media effects?
Think of your favorite TV show. Using Gerbner’s definition of dramatic violence, how much violence is in the show? Why do you think that’s the case?
According to Gerbner, are you a heavy viewer, a light viewer, or something in between? How do your TV viewing habits influence your beliefs about crime?Politics? Health? Relationships? Anything else?
This chapter uses a magnetic cue ball to explain resonance and mainstreaming.Can you think of another illustration to help explain these concepts to someone unfamiliar with cultivation theory?
Why do you think cultivation theory has received so much criticism? Which critique of the theory do you find most troubling, and why?
Even if the media can’t tell you what to think, why is their ability to tell you what to think about so important?
Kanye West is one of the most controversial public figures in America. What dominant set of attributes could you use to frame his visit to a children’s hospital to make him look good? How could you make him look bad?
Is there a recent issue that news reporters and commentators are talking about daily that you and the people you know don’t care about? Do you think you’ll still be unconcerned two months from now?
Which news sources do you rely on primarily? Which do you use occasionally?To what extent does your pattern of agendamelding reflect the communities to which you belong?
Apart from the topics of nonverbal communication, conflict, questions, listening, storytelling, and public vs. private speaking, can you come up with your own examples of how rapport talk is different from report talk?
What are the practical implications for you if talk with members of the opposite sex is indeed cross-cultural communication?
What might be the most effective ways for men and women to gain insight into how their conversational styles affect their relationships?
Tannen’s aha factor is similar to Carl Rogers’ standard of basing our knowledge on personal experience (see Chapter 4). What are the dangers of relying solely on this indicator?
What is common to the standpoints of women, African Americans, the poor, and members of the LGBTQ community that may provide them with a less false view of the way society works?
How could we test the claim that strong objectivity from women’s lives provides a more accurate view of the world than does knowledge generated by a predominantly male research establishment? According to standpoint theorists, is such a test desirable?
Andrew, Glenn, and I are privileged white males who decided which theories would be covered in this book. Suppose we were disadvantaged African American women. What theories might we drop and which might we keep? Why might this be a ridiculous question?
Standpoint epistemology draws on insights from Marxism, symbolic interactionism, and postmodernism. Based on what you’ve read in this chapter, which of these intellectual influences do you see as strongest? Why?
What words do you use with your same-sex friends that you don’t use with members of the opposite sex? Does this usage support Kramarae’s hypothesis of male control of the public mode of expression?
In a journal article about dictionary bias, Kramarae wrote the sentence “I vaginated on that for a while.”43 Can you explain her wordplay in light of the principles of muted group theory? How does the meaning of the sentence change when you replace her provocative term with alternative verbs?
Think about the majors offered at your school. Which ones tend to draw more women, and which tend to draw more men? Which seem evenly split between the sexes? What might Kramarae say about these patterns?
Do you tend to agree more with Tannen’s genderlect perspective or Kramarae’s muted group theory? To what extent is your choice influenced by your gender identity?
Can you think of a time when you found another’s divergence in speech style delightful or another’s convergence distressing?
To what extent is it possible to interact with another person and not have age, gender, race, nationality, sexual orientation, religious commitment, or political ideology be salient when you know that one or more of these differs from your own?
In what way might you overaccommodate to the stereotypical image you hold of opposite-sex communication behavior?
As you read about the actions and reactions of young people cited from intergenerational research, with which strategies and responses do you identify?Which do you believe are uncharacteristic of you?
Based on what you know about Afghanistan, is the culture individualistic or collectivistic? What clues do you have?
Do you see yourself as having more of an independent or an interdependent self?Does this go with the flow of your culture, or are you swimming against the tide?
What face concern (self-face, other-face, mutual-face) does your religious faith, political ideology, or personal set of values embrace? To what extent is the facework you do with others consistent with that face concern?
What style of conflict management would you use with the group member who did poor work? Is your response based on your culture, self-construal, face concern, gender, or status? What other factors affect your response to conflict?
Communication approach, communication orientation, and communicative practices are key concepts in Orbe’s theory. Can you explain their relationship to each other and how they differ from one another?
If you are a member of a co-cultural group according to Orbe’s definition, which communicative practices do you tend to use when you’ve experienced discrimination from members of the dominant culture?
Based on the framework of co-cultural theory displayed in Figure 36–1, which two communication orientations do you see as most similar? Which two are most different? What rationale can you offer for your answers?
Imagine you want to know more about how co-cultural group members use communication to negotiate their outsider-within status. What methodology will you select—phenomenology or surveys? Why?
Which thread most intrigues you? Are the theories it connects objective or interpretive?What communication principle that you’ve learned or discovered isn’t represented in this chapter? Why do you think it’s missing?
Showing 2900 - 3000
of 5138
First
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Last
Step by Step Answers
Get 50% OFF
Claim Now
