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business ethics
Ethics in Information Technology 5th edition George Reynolds - Solutions
Check out the privacy policy of three social shopping Web sites to see if they say anything about selling user data to retailers. Write a couple of sentences summarizing your findings.
Your auto insurance company has offered you a 15 percent discount (roughly $200 per year) if you agree to let them install a sophisticated vehicle event data recorder (EDR) in your car. You have read over the terms of the agreement and discover that if you are involved in an accident, you must
You are a new brand manager for a product line of Coach purses. You are considering purchasing customer data from a company that sells a large variety of women’s products online. In addition to providing a list of names, mailing addresses, and email addresses, the data includes an estimate of
You are a recent college graduate with only a year of experience with your employer. You were recently promoted to manager of email services. You are quite surprised to receive a phone call at home on a Saturday from the Chief Financial Officer of the firm asking that you immediately delete all
Your friend is going through a tough time with his current significant other and believes she is cheating on him. He is aware of your technical prowess and has asked you to help him purchase and install a stalking app on her cell phone. What would you say?
Imagine that you have decided on a career in computer forensics. Do research to determine typical starting positions and salaries for someone with a four-year degree in computer forensics. Do further research to find three universities that offer four-year degrees specializing in computer
Some IT security personnel believe that their organizations should employ former computer criminals to identify weaknesses in their organizations’ security defenses. Do you agree? Why or why not?
You are one of the top students in your university’s computer science program of 200 students. You are surprised when you are met after class by two representatives from a federal intelligence agency. Over dinner, they talk to you about the increasing threat of cyberterrorist attacks launched on
What is the difference between breach of contract and material breach of contract? In a breach of contract dispute, what recourse can the non-breaching party take?
Describe a situation in which there could be a conflict of interest between an IT worker’s self-interest and the interests of a client. How should this potential conflict be addressed?
Does charging by the hour encourage unethical behavior on the part of contract workers and consultants?
Do you think that ethics training can really be effective in changing the behavior of employees? Why or why not?
It can be difficult for a large organization to act ethically consistently across all facets of its business. Identify a recent example of a usually ethical company acting in an unethical manner.
Describe a hypothetical situation in which the action you would take is not legal, but it is ethical. Describe a hypothetical situation where the action you would take is legal, but not ethical.
You have just completed a grueling 10-day business trip calling on two dozen accounts up and down the West Coast. There were even business meetings combined with social events late into the night and on the weekends. On the flight back home at the end of this marathon, you are tired and feeling as
It is a common practice for managers to hold people accountable to meet“stretch” goals, quotas, and budgets. How can this be done in a way that does not encourage unethical behavior on the part of employees?
Identify three CSR goals that would be appropriate for a large, multinational IT consulting firm. Create three such goals for a small, local IT consulting firm.
The Ethics Resource Center identified five characteristics of a successful ethics program. Suggest a sixth characteristic, and defend your choice.
Do you believe an organization should be able to escape criminal liability for the acts of its employees if it has acted as a responsible corporate citizen, making strong efforts to prevent and detect misconduct in the workplace? Why or why not?
Briefly discuss Title I and II of the DMCA, including the primary protections it provides for copyright material as well as the associated penalties. Do you believe that the DMCA has given excessive powers to copyright holders? Why or why not?
You are interviewing for the role of human resources manager for a large software developer. Over the last year, the firm has lost a number of high-level executives who left the firm to go to work for competitors. During the course of your interview, you are asked what measures you would put in
1. Clearly state three business reasons to justify why these major IT firms formed Rockstar Consortium.2. Although Rockstar is set up as an organization independent of its founders, what are the possible reactions if the firm aggressively pursues an important customer or supplier of one its
Identify the necessary conditions to grant a patent according to Title 35 of the U.S. Code.
You have been asked by the manager of software development to lead a small group of software developers in an attempt to re-engineer the latest release of the software by your leading competitor. The goal of the group is to identify features that could be implemented into the next few releases of
1. Do you think that Google should have taken a different approach that would have allowed it to avoid litigation and a lengthy delay in implementing its Book Search Library Project?Please explain your answer.2. As a potential user, are you in favor of or do you oppose the Book Search Library
How did the America Invents Act modify U.S. patent law? Do you think this act was an improvement over the preexisting way of patenting? Why or why not?
You have procrastinated too long and now your final paper for your junior English course is due in just five days—right in the middle of final exam week. The paper counts for half your grade for the term and would probably take you at least 20 hours to research and write. Your roommate, an
What is a cross-licensing agreement? How do large software companies use such agreements? Do you think their use is fair to small software development firms? Why or why not?
Your friend is a two-time winner of the Ironman™Arizona Triathlon (2.4-mile swim, 112-mile bike, and 26.2-mile run). He is also a popular and well-known marathon runner throughout the Southwest. He has asked you to design a Web page to promote the sale of a wide variety of healt products,
What is the role of the WTO, and what is the scope and intent of its TRIPS agreement?
You are beginning to feel very uncomfortable in your new position as a computer hard-ware salesperson for a firm that is the major competitor of your previous employer. Today, for the second time, someone has mentioned to you how valuable it would be to know what the marketing and new product
Briefly discuss how the courts and USPTO have changed their opinions and attitudes toward the patenting of software over the years. Do you believe that software patents inhibit new software development? Why or why not?
Identify and briefly discuss three key advantages that trade secret law has over the use of patents and copyrights in protecting intellectual property. Are there any drawbacks with the use of trade secrets to protect intellectual property?
What problems can arise in using nondisclosure and noncompete agreements to protect intellectual property?
Under what conditions do you think the use of reverse engineering is an acceptable business practice?
How might a corporation use reverse engineering to convert to a new database management system? How might it use reverse engineering to uncover the trade secrets behind a competitor’s software?
Why might an organization elect to use open source code instead of proprietary software?
What is the nominative use defense? What are the three key elements of this defense?
What measures can companies take to combat cybersquatting?
Read the fictional Killer Robot case at the Web site for the Online Ethics Center for Engineering at www.onlineethics.com/CMS/computers/compcases/killerrobot.aspx. The case begins with the manslaughter indictment of a programmer for writing faulty code that resulted in the death of a robot
1. A mission-critical system is one whose failure will result in an organization being unable to continue business operations. A safety-critical system is one whose failure will result inhuman injury or loss of life. Is the John Hopkins system described above mission critical or safety critical?
Identify the three criteria you consider to be most important in determining whether or not a system is a quality system. Briefly discuss your rationale for selecting these criteria.
Your manager is leading a project to develop new software that is essential to the success of the midsized manufacturing firm where you work. The firm has decided to hire outside contractors to execute the project. One candidate firm boasts that its software development practices are at level 4 of
1. Should Apple conduct extensive screening of apps before they are allowed to be sold on the App Store? Why or why not?2. Do research to determine the current status of the FCC investigation of Apple for banning use of the Adobe Flash software on devices that use the iOS operating system.3. What
Briefly describe and give an example of a business information system, a decision support system, and a control system.
You are a programmer for a firm that develops a popular tax preparation software pack-age designed to help individuals prepare their federal tax returns. In the course of testing some small changes that were made to the software, you detect an error in the software that results in roughly a 5
1. What additional measures must be taken in the development of software that, if it fails, can cause loss of human life?2. What can organizations do to reduce the negative consequences of software development problems in the production of their products and the operation of their business
Define and briefly discuss the difference between white box testing and black box testing.
Explain why the cost to identify and remove a defect in the early stages of software development might be 100 times less than the cost of removing a defect in software that has been distributed to customers. What are the implications for a software development organization?
You have been assigned to manage software that controls the shutdown of the new chemical reactors to be installed at a manufacturing plant. Your manager insists the soft-ware is not safety critical. The software senses temperatures and pressures within a 50,000-gallon stainless steel vat and dumps
Identify and briefly discuss two ways that the use of an effective software development methodology can protect software manufacturers from legal liability for defective software.
You are a senior software development consultant with a major consulting firm. You have been asked to conduct a follow-up assessment of the software development process for ABCXYZ Corporation, a company for which you had performed an initial assessment using CMMI two years prior. At the initial
Your company is considering using N-version programming with three software development firms and three hardware devices for the navigation system of a guided missile. Briefly describe what this means, and outline several advantages and disadvantages of this approach.
You are the CEO for a small, struggling software firm that produces educational software for high school students. Your latest software is designed to help students improve their SAT and ACT scores. To prove the value of your software, a group of 50 students who had taken the ACT test were retested
Why is the system-human interface one of the most important but difficult areas of safety-critical systems? Do a search on the Internet and find three good sources of information relating to how to design an effective system-human interface.
What is the difference between system reliability and system safety? Give an example of a system that operates reliably but not safely.
Identify and briefly discuss the implications to a project team of classifying a piece of software as safety critical.
Your organization develops accounting software for use by individuals to budget and forecast their expenses and pay their bills while keeping track of the amount of money in their savings and checking accounts. Develop a strong argument for the management of your firm as to why the firm must
Discuss why an organization might elect to use a separate, independent team for quality testing rather than the group of people who originally developed the software.
Discuss how the average annual percent change in nonfarm productivity has varied over the past 65 years.
It is the year 2028, and robots are being introduced to handle the screening of patients at physicians’ offices in the United States. The robots look human and are able to speak and understand English and Spanish. The robots are capable of performing basic nursing tasks such as taking a
Briefly discuss the correlation between IT investment and U.S. productivity growth.
You have been diagnosed with a rare bone marrow disorder that affects only 2 people out of 1 million. The disease is potentially life threatening, but your symptoms are currently only mild and do not yet present a major concern. Your physician recommends that you go to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,
1. What do you think are the greatest benefits of the HealthConnect system for Kaiser Permanente subscribers? Can you identify any potential risks or ethical issues associated with the use of this system for Kaiser healthcare plan subscribers? How would you answer these questions from the
1. What concerns might a physician have about using a decision support system such as Isa-bel or Watson to make a medical diagnosis? How might those concerns be alleviated?2. Is it possible that in a decade this type of technology could be easily accessible by laypeople who could then perform
Define the term telework. What technologies are essential for effective telework?
You are a midlevel manager at a major metropolitan hospital and are responsible for capturing and reporting statistics regarding the cost and quality of patient care. You believe in a strict interpretation when defining various reportable incidents; as a result, your hospital’s rating on a number
Would you accept a telework position in which you would work from home three or four days per week? Why or why not?
As a second-year teacher at a low-rated inner-city elementary school, you have been asked to form and lead a three-person committee to define and obtain funding for an E-Rate program for your school. Do some research on the Internet and outline a process you would follow to request funding.
What is the digital divide? Where does it exist? Why is it important to bridge the digital divide?
What is your opinion of the effectiveness of the E-Rate program? What facts back up your opinion?
You are an elected official in a small, third-world country’s house of parliament, which is responsible for initiating revenue spending bills. Your country is very poor; unemployment is high; most families cannot afford a healthy diet; there is an insufficient amount of doctors and healthcare
1. Do further research on business results and employee morale at Yahoo! to develop an opinion on whether the ban on telework has helped the firm. Write a paragraph stating your opinion and providing supporting facts.2. Should telework only be considered a“perk” for those companies and
Which tool do you believe can be most effective in bridging the digital divide—the personal computer or the smartphone? Why?
You have volunteered to lead a group of citizens in approaching the board of directors of the nearest hospital (55 miles away) about establishing remote monitoring of 50 or so chronically ill people in your small community. What sort of facts do you need to gather to make a sound recommendation to
The development and use of new medical technology has increased healthcare spending. Should the medical industry place more emphasis on using older medical technologies and containing medical costs? Which approach to dealing with moral issues discussed in Chapter 1 would you use to analyze this
You have been offered a position as a software support analyst. If you accept, you will have three weeks of on-site training, after which you will work from your home full-time, answering customer service calls. What questions would you want answered before you decide whether or not to take this
The value of EHRs is being challenged by many in the healthcare industry. Why is this? In your opinion, is the investment in EHRs worth it? Why or why not?
As a relatively new hire within a large multinational firm, you are extremely pleased with the many challenging assignments that have come your way. Now another new hire with whom you have become friends is seeking your input on an important decision that she must make within the next week. She has
You are an entry-level worker in the audit department of the Internal Revenue Service, and you have stumbled across evidence of a program to turn off the audit process for major contributors to the current president’s reelection campaign. In effect, select taxpayers can make any claim on their
1. Why does IBM’s supply chain program have such a large impact on environmental health?2. How do companies like Cisco ensure that their suppliers are complying with their supply chain programs?3. How might IBM influence members of its supply chain to follow its environmental program?In 2013, the
Edward Snowden—an employee of defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton, working at the National Security Agency (NSA)—is responsible for what may turn out to be the most significant leak of classified information in U.S. history. In June 2013, Snowden admitted to passing classified documents to
A coworker complains to you that he is sick of seeing the company pollute the waters of a nearby stream by dumping runoff water into it from the manufacturing process. He plans to send an anonymous email to the EPA to inform the agency of the situation. What would you do?
1. Do you support the implementation of enhancements such as photo matching and access to additional government databases to improve the accuracy of the E-Verify system? Why or why not?2. If you were the owner of a small business, would you use the E-Verify system to screen prospective workers? Why
During a time in which unemployment in the United States exceeds 7 percent, some people feel that it is unethical to hire H-1B workers to work in the United States. Prepare a brief summary of reasons why hiring H-1B workers might be considered unethical. Make a list of reasons why hiring H-1B
1. What responsibility does an organization have to ensure that its suppliers and business partners behave ethically? To whom is this responsibility owed?2. How can an organization monitor the business practices of its suppliers and business partners to determine if they are behaving in an ethical
Wipro received the highest rating of electronics manufacturers from Greenpeace for its efforts in green computing. Visit Wipro’s Web site, and document several examples of the company efforts to improve its green computing results.
Your firm has just added six H-1B workers to your 50-person department. You have been asked to help get one of the workers“on board.” Your manager wants you to introduce him to other team members, provide him with some basic company background and information, and explain to him how work gets
What factors must a company consider in deciding whether to employ offshore outsourcing on a project?
Dr. Jeffrey Wigand is a whistle-blower who was fired from his position of vice president of research and development at Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation in 1993. He was interviewed for a segment of the CBS show 60 Minutes in August 1995, but the network made a highly controversial
Visit the EPEAT Web site (www.epeat.net), and use the organization’s tool to select your next laptop computer. How would you make trade-offs between an expensive machine with a Gold rating and a less-expensive machine with the same features and performance but only a Bronze rating?
You are in the last stages of evaluating laptop vendors for a major hardware upgrade and standardization project for your firm. You will be purchasing a total of 1,200 new laptops to deploy to the worldwide sales force. One vendor’s product carries a Bronze EPEAT rating; the other vendor’s
You work for an electronics manufacturer that does not belong to the EICC. Present a strong argument for your firm to join. Then present a strong argument for why it makes sense for your firm not to be a member.
You are the manager of a large IT project that will involve two dozen offshore outsourced workers who will do program development and testing. Identify several potential issues that could arise on this project due to the outsourcing arrangement. What specific steps would you take to improve the
Although labor savings associated with offshore outsourcing may look attractive, what cost increases and other problems can you expect with such projects?
Your firm relies heavily on temporary workers. To minimize potential legal issues, it ensures that the temporary workers are not mistaken about their place within the com-pany. Therefore, temporary employment agencies provide these workers with a handbook that lays out the ground rules in explicit
Why do companies that make use of a lot of contingent workers fear getting involved in a coemployment situation? What steps should they take to avoid this situation?
Catalytic Software—a U.S.-based IT outsourcing firm with offices in both Redmond, Washington, and Hyderabad, India—wants to tap India’s large supply of engineers as contract software developers for IT projects. However, instead of just outsourcing projects to local Indian software development
Your company has decided to offshore outsource a $50 million project to an experienced, reputable firm in India. This is the first offshore outsourcing project of significant size that your company has run. What steps should your company take to minimize the potential for problems?
Briefly describe a situation that could occur at your employer or your school that would rise to the level of a potential whistle-blower situation. What steps would you take and to whom would you speak to call this matter to the attention of appropriate members of management?
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