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intercultural communication
Intercultural Communication For Everyday Life 1st Edition John R. Baldwin, Robin R. Means Coleman, Alberto González - Solutions
Analyze media of some form in your community, such as magazine covers in your local bookstore, the comics in your daily newspaper, or even the images or discussion of people of different religious, racial, sex/gender, sexuality, or other groups, in your favorite magazine. If your analysis reveals
Popular music has played a central part in revolutions and protest around the world, but people in many nations where it is used question its effectiveness. What do you think the strengths and benefits are of trying to mobilize publics for action or change using popular music (e.g., Green Day, Rage
Take a close look at journalistic media in your nation as it relates to other national cultures, such as the reporting of crisis in other nations. What ideologies or assumptions do you feel that your news media support in relation to specific nations?
How do you feel that the media “frames” certain groups in comparison to the dominant group? What is your evidence? Do you feel that framing in some media (such as news, reality shows) differs in its social importance or likelihood to be believed than framing in other media, such as The Simpsons
In what ways does your college or university encourage discourse of important issues?What are some of the media outlets that exist for both the college and for students to present their ideas openly, without restriction?
Pick a local magazine or newspaper and look through its advertisements. How can you tell the local advertisements from the chain or national advertisements? Do the local advertisements reflect “what everybody knows” about your area?Compare and contrast the transmission and ritual views of
Conduct a Google search for Mount Graham. Why is this a unique location for Native Americans, scientists, and environmentalists? What current actions are underway to resist development of this area?
In 2010, members of the Iroquois lacrosse team were denied travel to England to compete in the lacrosse world championships. To respect the sovereignty of their native nation—the Iroquois Confederacy—team members would not obtain U.S. passports. Yet due to new rules by Homeland Security, the
Have you ever spoken with members of a community on a particular issue? How did you build the relationship? What was the outcome?
What is the presence of vernacular terms and meanings on Facebook? On YouTube?
Make a list of three public figures you admire. What rhetorical tradition (or traditions)helps to explain how these individuals relate to audiences? What rhetorical tradition guides what these individuals say and do?
How do you attempt to create identification with others? In social settings? At work? At school? Do you think about how others are attempting to create identification with you?
While it is not good to be overly self-analytical, take a self-inventory of ways you might act around people of different groups. If you know someone who will be honest, and you are ready for an open discussion of your behavior, ask a friend in another group to give you feedback on behaviors of
Many people use nonverbal markers (tattoos, clothing, jewelry, etc.) to mark identities.But we can also use these to support important causes or raise awareness for issues.Think about an issue or cause or belief that is important to you. Find a nonverbal marker that represents this identity and
Do you think that more meaning lies in nonverbal or verbal communication? Justify your answer.Talk to someone who belongs to a group different from you, such as an immigrant or international traveler to your culture, a person in a wheelchair (if you are not), someone with a different sexual
In this chapter, we do not talk about interpersonal power—that is, who might have more power in a situation (this may not be formal power!). What are some nonverbal and paralinguistic ways one communicator might show—or try to establish—power over another communicator?
Many intercultural authors focus on how cultures might represent a fairly consistent set of behaviors (e.g., how they use touch, contact, facial expressions the same way). But very often, groups surprise us! We think that Koreans will show subdued emotions, then we see young friends showing great
What are some specific display rules for your own cultural group? For example, when might you exaggerate or mute an emotional expression? Or, to think of it differently, how might you show great joy or displeasure to a boss? How should you respond when you receive a gift you do not like? Are there
Analyze jokes that are popular in your culture (either among comedians or among you and your friends). What are some ways the jokes build or support lines of power (e.g., putting some groups over others)? Discuss in class or with friends appropriate ways to address jokes that cast people as
Identify metaphorical expressions from five different cultures. How do these metaphors reflect distinctive ways of understanding the world?
Review recent events at your school or within your city. What social dramas can you identify? Were existing values reaffirmed or weakened?
See what opportunities there are in your area to serve as a language instructor or tutor.Often there are volunteer agencies to teach people the local language (e.g., in the U.S.), or to teach visitors the local customs, immigration information, and so on.
What are the advantages and disadvantages to a country having a single national language? Think broadly both about economic advantages and about aspects of prestige for various groups. Do some investigation: does your country or state have an official language?
Give an example of a time when you adjusted your behavior toward another person(especially of another age, ethnic, class or other group). Include how you adjusted, various factors that may have influenced your adjustment, and outcomes—your feelings/perceptions or relational outcomes. What are
Visit a website that includes different mistranslations, such as in signs (e.g., http://www.engrish.com; http://www.lonelyplanet.com/blog/2011/10/20/12-funny-lost-in-translation-photos/) for mistranslations into English. If English is not your first language, find examples in your language of
What metaphors do you commonly use in your talk? How do these work to create shared meaning with the people you are speaking with? What cultural assumptions and values do these reflect?
If your community has festivals to celebrate identity or marches that address intolerance or oppression, learn more about them and share the information with your class. If your investigation leads you to believe that this is an organization or cause you can support, join the march!What mythic
Plan a contact event that brings together members of different groups that may not always get along. Work to include some of the factors from contact theory research that lead to successful contact, such as the possibility for dialogue and ongoing interaction after the event.
Conduct an analysis of media in terms of the representation of a group (such as women in sports magazines, people with disabilities in prime-time television, for example). The analysis might be quantitative (a content analysis that counts how often certain types of representation occur) or
Locate the Southern Poverty Law Center’s website on hate groups and crimes in the United States (http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/hate-map). What types of solution could individuals or groups enact to address hate crimes or more subtle intolerance in your country or area?
Read Peggy McIntosh’s (1988) essay about the Invisible Knapsack. Extend her analysis to your own culture. Which of her aspects of White privilege have changed since she wrote it in 1988? What are some examples of how invisible privileges might be experienced by those with privilege?
Who can be racist (etc.)? As we were writing this chapter, we posted a news note on our Facebook page about a woman pilot in Brazil who ejected a male passenger who was making sexist comments about woman pilots, and one of our friends complained about the inability to discuss how women can be
The notion of sexism is strongly influenced by feminist authors in the West. To what degree does it extend to other cultures? If beliefs and norms in a culture support men’s protection of women, and so on, is it still sexist? Why or why not?
Make a list of public service organizations in your area that work for equality of(identity) opportunity, such as teaching immigrants the dominant language in your country, tutoring children in lower socio-economic neighborhoods, or providing more equality in housing. Choose one and donate your
Look through newspaper archives or public records of your local community. See if you can locate whether minority groups are treated equally to dominant groups in terms of public policy, such as police stops or arrests, housing availability, public school funding, marriage or insurance laws, or
Look again at the analysis of the comics section of your local newspaper in the “Break it down” textbox. Conduct a similar analysis of your favorite television show (e.g., Smallville, Grey’s Anatomy), or magazine (e.g., Sports Illustrated). For example, analyze how Sports Illustrated
Think about one or more of the identities that you hold. In what ways are these identities changing, and in what way are they remaining the same? What types of messages work to change or maintain the identities (media, computer, face-to-face, rituals, etc.)?
On the Internet, locate a list of “ethnic identity markers.” Think of an ethnic identity that you hold. How does it represent each of the different markers? How might another identity community, such as the deaf community, be similar to or different from an ethnic identity? (See
Given the power of media’s influence on identities, in what ways can identities be linked to resistance?
Why would a person emulate or appropriate the practices of someone ethnoculturally different from themselves? How might reasons be similar or different between someone from a dominant group emulating a minority group and vice versa?
Either in a group or on your own, come up with as many advantages you can think of, of being in the dominant ethnic or racial group in your country. For example, in the United States, what are the advantages of being White? How do majority Blacks’ advantages compare in a different country, such
The International Youth Foundation (http://www.iyfnet.org) describes stories of young people—teens and young adults changing their world in different ways. Go to the“success stories” link (http://www.iyfnet.org/success-stories) and locate a particular success story to read. In your journal,
Go online and view the 20-minute video, “The Story of Stuff ” (http://www.storyofstuff.com). Think about your own use of goods and resources. How does this use reflect or contradict your own culture’s values? How does your usage impact people in other cultures for good or bad? What changes
Are there different cultural groups within your community? If so, discuss how these groups might be alike and different in terms of some of the concepts in this chapter.Find a current political issue in a country besides your own. For example, at the writing of this chapter, people are wondering
What seem to be the dominant concepts of world view in your culture? Don’t just answer in terms of overall religious belief, but with a deeper discussion of what you think underlying views of reality, knowledge, or the purpose of life are in your culture.
As we note in this chapter, some scholars claim that there is a decline of “civility” and social capital in America. If you are in an American classroom, discuss whether you agree or disagree with this notion. If you are not in an American classroom, think of a particular cultural value or
Martin et al. (2002), suggest that change and stability exist in all cultures in tension with each other. Think of your own culture. What are some things that you see changing, and what are some things that seem to stay the same? Are the things that remain the same on the top or the bottom of the
What do you think are the disadvantages and advantages of each of the two approaches to understanding cultural communication, etic and emic?
Interview a politician in your city or an administrator in your school about current issues or debates in your community. Write a short paper or blog post summarizing the issue—what are the sides? How does the notion of culture (or competing cultures)inform your understanding of the debate?
Volunteer to work in a homeless shelter or soup kitchen, hopefully more than once.Before you go, look up the “culture of poverty” on the Internet—don’t forget also to look up criticisms of the idea that there is a culture of poverty. Serve, but also observe people around you. Talk to them
Do you feel that “race” is biological, or socially and politically created? Give evidence for your opinion. What are the implications of either approach to “race?”Find a copy of your local school or community paper and read through the editorial section (paper editorial and letters to the
Do you feel that different genres of music in your culture reflect different “cultures?”Find a video (on YouTube, if it is available in your culture) or a song from the type of music you like. Analyze the lyrics and style of music to see if you can determine some things about culture at
Think about an interaction you have recently had with someone from a different group(in terms of age, culture, ethnicity, etc.). Look at it using the model of culture. Which aspects of communication were most relevant in the interaction (personal, cultural, intergroup) and why?
Describe a traditional fairy tale in your culture. What values, beliefs, or behaviors does it promote? If you could write a new ending to the tale to reflect cultural change, what would you write?
In groups or pairs, with your instructor’s supervision, conduct a small research project in which you either interview or survey people in a group that is involved in the community or about such a group (e.g., you might ask about motivations or the activities of group members, or perceptions of
Go to your college’s website or visit its student services office. Make a list of all student organizations that are focused in some way on helping others (service organizations) or working for social causes. Which do you find most interesting? Visit a meeting and see what it is about.
Consider socially motivated music groups or artists (Woodie Guthrie, Bob Dylan, Greenday, U2, Sting, Nas) or genres (some rap music). What potential, if any, do you feel this work has for social change?
Join a group at your school or in your community that is dedicated toward alleviating some sort of social distress. This might be a known group, like Amnesty International, or it might be a group in your community, for example, to help repair cars for people who do not have money.Look through your
The Internet joins us in many ways to people from different cultures. Join Yahoo.groups(http://groups.yahoo.com/) or some other chat or listserv. Join a group specifically related to a specific culture or global issue. See what you can learn about the culture or issue, especially from people within
Join a group at your school or in your community that is dedicated toward alleviating some sort of social distress. This might be a known group, like Amnesty International, or it might be a group in your community, for example, to help repair cars for people who do not have money.Perform an
The Internet joins us in many ways to people from different cultures. Join Yahoo.groups(http://groups.yahoo.com/) or some other chat or listserv. Join a group specifically related to a specific culture or global issue. See what you can learn about the culture or issue, especially from people within
The sweatshop issue (question 4) and others presented in this chapter raise a difficult question. Each issue seems to have two—or several—sides. How can we maintain hope to seek solutions without falling into a despair of not knowing what the action is?Perform an Internet or library search to
The use of international “sweatshops”—factories in developing nations with an inexpensive labor force, or using child labor, is controversial. Some feel that it is abusing people, especially children, in those cultures. Others feel it provides wages that the people might not have otherwise.
There are many possible issues in the world to be concerned about. Alone or in groups, come up with a list of what you think are the top five issues that demand global cooperation. What are the top five issues in your own community?
In what ways, if any, do you think globalization of media, especially social media like Facebook, is influencing your culture? Does it influence all cultures equally?Why or why not?
Think about the people around you at your school, in your workplace, or in your neighborhood. How would you describe their level of awareness of domestic and international cultures and identities? How about your own? What are some specific areas in which you would like to develop in terms of your
Provide examples of specific organizations and individuals who use organizational communication for civic or political engagement
Compare the divergent and convergent views of business in a globalizing world
Outline specific dimensions of cultural difference that may impact organizational communication
Discuss the strengths and limitations of globalization on world cultures
Describe specific changes in the global corporate workplace and worker as a result of new technology and information
Understand values for intercultural political leadership
Understand the politics of immigration
Identify examples of culturebased social movements
Explain how politics and culture are interrelated
Understand and explain politics as cultural communication
Discuss some of the issues someone would need to be aware of in intercultural negotiation
Illustrate the behaviors associated with five different conflict styles and discuss how personal and cultural factors may lead someone to prefer one style over another
Summarize five stages of conflict
Outline five patterns of possible integration of cultural difference in a relationship
Describe several approaches to what makes relationships grow more intimate
Define intercultural communication competence, and list three main areas that influence it
Differentiate between psychological adjustment, behavioral adaptation, and assimilation
List at least three reasons why coming home from another culture may be difficult
Compare the U-curve notion of adjustment, with alternative views for how adjustment happens
Explain the notion of culture shock, its symptoms, and some basic causes
Discuss positive and negative implications for global media in terms of local cultures
Describe what is driving globalization of the media and predictions about its long-term effects
Evaluate the impact of globalization on notions of time and space
Outline some of the historical and technological influences in the history of global media
Provide examples of media products that have crossed borders or have inspired cultural productions in another country
Define and give examples of global media
Discuss ways in which media can distort our image of people of different cultures or groups, but can also be used in social and political action
Apply media framing to the representation of a particular identity, such as gender
Define the notion of the public sphere and understand its implications for us as citizens
Evaluate the role media communication plays in terms of intercultural communication
Contrast the transmission and the ritual views of media communication
Outline Lasswell’s model of mediated communication
Compare mediated communication to face-to-face communication
Reflect a greater understanding and appreciation for the complexities of trying to persuade multicultural audiences
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