Questions and Answers of Total Quality Management

Prepare a note on check sheet.
What is a histogram? What are the various types of histograms?
Name the new seven QC tools.
Explain the cause-and-effect diagram.
In small teams, develop cause-and-effect diagrams for the following problems:(a) Road accident.(b) Late arrival at work.(c) Poor exam grades.
How do you interpret control charts? Explain the possible causes of different out-of-control indicators.
Provide an application each for(a) Pareto chart.(b) Cause-and-effect diagram.(c) Check sheet.(d) Histogram.(e) Scatter diagram.(f) Control charts.
Discuss the Pareto chart.
Research several companies to identify the type of problem-solving approach that they use in their improvement efforts. Compare and contrast their approaches.
List the various tools that can be utilized for problem solving and situation analysis in the realm of TQM. Which of these tools are quantitative?
Name the seven QC tools.
Define Six Sigma quality with respect to defect expectations.
What is the significance of employee suggestion system?
Explain the concept of the house of quality.
Define the term house of quality.
Describe QFD.
What are the tools and techniques used for continuous improvement?
Which are the ways to identify opportunities for Kaizen?
Describe the lean business philosophy.
Build a house of quality for a university’s academic department and comment on the results.
Prepare a brief note on lean management principles.
What is the 5S in TQM? How does it help in improving the quality of products or services?
Organize a quality circle by involving 6–8 people in the class. The objective of this quality circle would be to help each other in sorting out individual problems faced on the campus. Decide about
Explain Kaizen with an example.
What is Kaizen? What are the five gemba principles in gemba management?
Discuss the systematic or tree diagram.
Explain PDPC.
Discuss the arrow diagram.
Write a note on the matrix data analysis diagram.
Explain the matrix diagram.
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) is India’s largest power company. The company was set up in 1975 to accelerate power development in India. NTPC is a diversified power major with presence
Which of the following techniques can be used in regression analysis to reduce higherorder terms in the model?a. Large samplesb. Dummy variablesc. Transformationsd. Blocking
Name the seven QC tools.
One characteristic of attributes data is that it is always:a. Continuousb. Discretec. Expensive to collectd. Read from a scale of measurementj
In order for a problem to be solved correctly, which of the following must occur first?a. The problem must be definedb. Relevant data must be gatheredc. The measurement system must be validatedd. The
Which of the following best describes internal failure costs?a. The economic costs associated with a catastrophic failure of an internal subsystemb. The unavoidable quality system costs associated
Which of the following tools has the highest resolution?a. A feeler gageb. A gage blockc. A caliperd. A micrometer
What is the standard deviation of a process that operates to an exponential distribution with a mean of 25 units?a. 0.4b. 5.0c. 12.5d. 25.0
The term used to describe the risk of a type I error in a test of hypothesis is:a. Powerb. Confidence levelc. Level of significanced. Beta risk
The primary reason that most companies implement Six Sigma is to:a. Reduce defectsb. Improve processesc. Improve profitd. Increase customer satisfaction
According to Deming, which of the following is not a key element of quality leadership?a. Establishment of an organizational goal to meet or exceed customer needsb. The use of displays and awards to
The most important aspect of functional requirements is that they:a. Describe a single, measurable performanceb. Describe how a product or service should operatec. Be traceable to the voice of the
Which of the following types of variation is least likely to occur in sequential repetitions of a process over a short period of time?a. Cyclicalb. Positionalc. Temporald. Seasonal
The primary factor in the successful implementation of Six Sigma is to have:a. The necessary resourcesb. The support/leadership of top managementc. Explicit customer requirementsd. A comprehensive
All of the following experimental designs could be used to investigate interactions except:a. Half-fractionb. Half-fraction with replicationc. Full-factorial with replicationd. Saturated screening
A randomized, paired-comparison design was used to test the wear rate of two products.The data from this test are as follows:• Average difference = 20.8 mm• Sum of differences = 208• Sum of
What is the calculated value for the test statistic?a. 0.46b. 1.01c. 2.17d. 9.70
Discuss the role of Green Belts in a Six Sigma programme.
Correction, overproduction, inventory and motion are all examples of:a. Wasteb. 5 S target areasc. Noised. Value-added activities
Which of the following most influences consumer perception of quality?a. Industry standardsb. Company’s financial performancec. Audit resultsd. Service and repair policies
Which of the following is the best technique for improving the precision of a designed experiment when the experimental material is not homogeneous?a. Blockingb. Confoundingc. Randomizationd.
Compared to a two-level factorial experiment, which of the following is an advantage of an experiment in three levels?a. Interaction effects can be estimatedb. Curvature can be characterizedc. The
Discuss the role of Master Black Belts in a Six Sigma programme.
A Green Belt is going to monitor the number of defects on different size samples. Which of the following control charts would be most appropriate?a. Ub. Npc. Cd. P
Name the two main approaches to implementing Six Sigma.
Discuss Six Sigma champions, sponsors, Master Black Belt, Black Belts and Green Belts?
Define DPU.
Define opportunities with reference to Six Sigma.
Process data being used in the initial set-up of a process are assumed to have a normal distribution. If the nominal (target) is set at the centre of the distribution, and the specification limits
An airline wants to compare two processes, landing and take-off against the baggage handling.If average number of bags per customer is 1.5 and the airline recorded 3 lost bags for 9,000 passengers in
What are the two main approaches to explain the working of Six Sigma?
Explain Six Sigma as a business strategy.
All of the following are effective when a team leader is giving feedback to the team except:a. Describing the behaviour in contextb. Describing the reasons for giving feedbackc. Giving feedback when
In measurement system analysis, which of the following pairs of data measures is used to determine total variance?a. Process variance and reproducibilityb. Noise system and repeatabilityc.
What is cost of poor quality (COPQ)? Explain the concept of defects per million opportunities(DPMO) by taking a suitable example.
How do you measure Six Sigma quality levels?
What is a shifted process?
For consumer products, an increase in the percentage of returned goods most likely equates to an increase in:a. Product not meeting specificationsb. End-user dissatisfactionc. Internal reject ratesd.
What are the Six Sigma training hierarchies?
Explain shift and its role with reference to Six Sigma.
What is a centered process?
Explain the DMAIC process using a suitable example.
Identify the number of opportunities of defects a computer can have. Find the DPMO and the related sigma quality level for the computers in the laboratory of your institute.
What are the key concepts of Six Sigma?
Which of the following is the most important in evaluating and understanding design intent?a. Identifying the functional requirementb. Brainstorming failure modesc. Conducting computer simulationsd.
What would Three Sigma quality mean if applied to processes? Give examples.
What do you understand by Six Sigma? How is it different from Three Sigma?
Visit a company that has implemented a Six Sigma programme. What changes have they made in the organization in order to develop their Six Sigma approach?
For a normal distribution, two standard deviations on each side of the mean would include what percentage of the total population?a. 47 per centb. 68 per centc. 95 per centd. 99 per cent
Wipro Limited was founded in 1945 and commenced operations in 1946 as a vegetable oil company. In the early 1980s, Wipro diversified into the Information Technology sector when India witnessed waves
Define Six Sigma.
What is an OC curve? How can we make an acceptance sampling plan stricter?
What are probability distributions?
What is an ideal OC curve? Explain the producer’s and consumer’s risk.
What is measurement system analysis (MSA)?
How many types of OC curves are there? Briefly explain the situations in which these different types of OC curves are used.
Name the five parameters of MSA.
Explain quality assurance with an example.
What is the difference between precision and accuracy?
Define process capability.
What are the two types of quality control measurements?
How many types of sampling plans are there? Briefly explain by giving examples.
Define SPC.
What is acceptance sampling? What are the reasons for acceptance sampling?
What are the two types of variation?
Visit the production units near you and look out for the types of SPC practices there. Ask the concerned managers about the most common type of assignable causes detected by them resulting in the
Name the two main approaches to quality control.
Visit any industrial unit near you. Find out from the concerned managers about the kind of acceptance sampling plans they use for incoming material and outgoing inspection.
What is statistical process control? What are random causes and assignable causes of variation? What are the two ways of monitoring the variation?
Why is Walter Shewart often referred to as the “grandfather of quality control”?

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