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Essentials Of Understanding Psychology 10th Edition Robert Feldman - Solutions
1. Match the component of grammar with its defi nition: 1. Syntax 2. Phonology 3. Semantics a. Rules showing how words can be combined into sentences. b. Rules governing the meaning of words and sentences. c. The study of the sound units that affect speech.
4. Match the following memory disorders with the correct information: 1. Affects alcoholics; may result in hallucinations. 2. Memory loss occurring without other mental problems. 3. Beta amyloid defect; progressive forgetting and physical deterioration. a. Alzheimer's disease b. Korsakoff's
2. From the perspective of a child-care provider: Consider what factors might determine why a child is not learning to walk at the same pace as his peers. What kinds of environmental infl uences might be involved? What kinds of genetic infl uences might be involved? What recommendations might you
5. Match each of the following terms with its defi nition:1. Zygotea. Smallest unit through which 2. Gene genetic information is passed 3. Chromosomeb. Fertilized eggc. Rod-shaped structure containing genetic information
• Would you want to be tested if you might learn that you had a genetic disorder that was likely to shorten your life? Why or why not?
• Would you choose to be genetically tested so that you could know your susceptibility to genetic diseases?
LO 273 What factors aff ect a child during the mother’s pregnancy?
LO 272 What is the nature of development before birth?
LO 271 How do psychologists study the degree to which development is an interaction of hereditary and environmental factors?
4. How would you explain Wall’s seemingly contradictory desires to please others and to compete against others? Motivation and emotions are two interrelated aspects of psychology. In these modules, we fi rst considered the topic of motivation, which has spawned a great deal of theory and research
3. How might emotion play a role in whether Wall plays a good game or not? Motivation and emotions are two interrelated aspects of psychology. In these modules, we fi rst considered the topic of motivation, which has spawned a great deal of theory and research examining primary and secondary
2. What indications are there that Wall has a high need for achievement? What about a high need for affi liation? Motivation and emotions are two interrelated aspects of psychology. In these modules, we fi rst considered the topic of motivation, which has spawned a great deal of theory and research
1. How could Wall’s determination to succeed at basketball be explained by each of the diff erent approaches to motivation? Motivation and emotions are two interrelated aspects of psychology. In these modules, we fi rst considered the topic of motivation, which has spawned a great deal of theory
2. From the perspective of an advertising executive: How might you use Schachter and Singer’s fi ndings on the labeling of arousal to create interest in a product? Can you think of other examples whereby people’s arousal could be manipulated, which would lead to different emotional responses?
5. What are the six primary
4. Your friend—a psychology major—tells you, “I was at a party last night. During the course of the evening, my general level of arousal increased. Since I was at a party where people were enjoying themselves, I assume I must have felt happy.” What theory of emotion does your friend
3. According to the - theory of emotion, both an emotional response and physiological arousal are produced simultaneously by the same nerve stimulus.
2. The - theory of emotion states that emotions are a response to instinctive bodily events.
1. Emotions are always accompanied by a cognitive response. True or false?
LO 26-4 How does nonverbal behavior relate to the expression of emotions?
LO 26-3 What are the explanations for emotions?
LO 26-2 What are the functions of emotions?
LO 26-1 What are emotions, and how do we experience them?
2. From the perspective of a human resources specialist: How might you use characteristics such as need for achievement, need for power, and need for affi liation to select workers for jobs? What additional criteria would you have to consider?
3. is the rate at which the body produces and expends energy.
1. Match the following terms with their defi nitions:1. Hypothalamusa. Leads to refusal of food and 2. Lateral hypothalamic starvation damageb. Responsible for monitoring 3. Ventromedial food intake hypothalamicc. Causes extreme overeating damage
• Do you think it’s possible to combat obesity without stigmatizing obese people?Why or why not? With great publicity, the U.S. government launched a national campaign against the rising problem of childhood obesity, including specifi c recommendations for addressing the problem and an
• What do you think is driving the changes in cultural acceptance of overweight people? With great publicity, the U.S. government launched a national campaign against the rising problem of childhood obesity, including specifi c recommendations for addressing the problem and an ambitious goal of
LO 25-3 How are needs relating to achievement, affiliation, and power motivation exhibited?
LO 25-2 What are the varieties of sexual behavior?
LO 25-1 What biological and social factors underlie hunger?
2. From the perspective of an educator: Do you think that giving students grades serves as an external reward that would decrease intrinsic motivation for the subject matter? Why or why not?
6. According to Maslow, a person with no job, no home, and no friends can become self-actualized. True or false?
LO 241 How does motivation direct and energize behavior?
4. In what ways do you think divergent and convergent thinking are involved in the processes of invention? Do they play diff erent roles during the various stages of the act of invention, including identifying the need for an invention, devising possible solutions, and creating a practical
3. How do you think insight is involved in Matt and Akash’s “aha” moment?
2. Describe the process that Matt and Akash are likely to use to solve the problem of developing a computer program for their school’s science fair.
1. Why do you think it’s diffi cult to program a computer to recognize emotional infl ections in a speaker’s voice?
2. From the human resource specialist’s perspective: Job interviews are really a kind of test, but they rely on interviewers’judgments and have no formal validity or reliability. Do you think job interviews can be made to have greater validity and reliability?
3. is the most common biological cause of mental retardation.
2. Some psychologists make the distinction between intelligence, which refl ects reasoning, memory, and information-processing capabilities, and intelligence, which is the information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience.
Theories of Intelligence:Are There Diff erent Kinds of Intelligence?
LO 23-5 To what degree is intelligence infl uenced by the environment and to what degree by heredity?
L O 23-4 Are traditional IQ tests culturally biased?
LO 23-3 How can the extremes of intelligence be characterized?
LO 23-2 What are the major approaches to measuring intelligence, and what do intelligence tests measure?
LO 23-1 What are the diff erent defi nitions and conceptions of intelligence?
2. From the perspective of a child-care provider: How would you encourage children’s language abilities at the different stages of development?
5. theory assumes that language acquisition is based on principles of operant conditioning and shaping.
4. A child knows that adding - ed to certain words puts them in the past tense. As a result, instead of saying “He came,” the child says “He comed.” This is an example of .
The Infl uence of Language on Thinking: Do Eskimos Have More Words for Snow Than Texans Do?
LO 22-2 How does language develop?
LO 22-1 How do people use language?
2. From the perspective of a manufacturer: How might you encourage your employees to develop creative ways to improve the products that you produce?
5. Thinking of an object only in terms of its typical use is known as . A broader, related tendency for old problem-solving patterns to persist is known as a .
1. are representations in the mind of an object or event.
• Some people fear that artifi cial intelligence machines such as Watson might one day displace workers from jobs or even be entrusted with sensitive decisions, such as diagnosing diseases in medical facilities. Do these fears seem realistic to you?Might there be benefi ts to using machines in
• In what ways is Watson “thinking” like a human being, and in what ways is it not? “This facial wear made Israel’s Moshe Dayan instantly recognizable worldwide.”Such was the $1,600 clue in the category“The eyes have it” of a mock round of the popular television game show, Jeopardy
LO 214 What are the major obstacles to problem solving?
LO 213 How do people approach and solve problems?
LO 212 What processes underlie reasoning and decision making?
LO 211 What is thinking?
4. From a researcher’s perspective, how might you determine whether Louise Owen’s memory is truly accurate?
3. Would you expect Louise Owen to have perfect recall for all the facts and information she has encountered in her life, such as textbooks she has read? Why or why not?
2. Do you think that Louise Owen’s memory ability is more of a blessing or a curse? Why do you think so?
1. What part of Louise Owen’s memory is aff ected by her condition?
2. From a health-care provider’s perspective: Alzheimer’s disease and amnesia are two of the most pervasive memory dysfunctions that threaten many individuals. What sorts of activities might health-care providers offer their patients to help them combat their memory loss?
LO 20-2 What are the major memory impairments?
LO 20-1 Why do we forget information?
2. From a social worker’s perspective: Should a child victim of sexual abuse be allowed to testify in court, based on what you’ve learned about children’s memories under stress?
2. is the process of retrieving a specifi c item from memory.
LO 19-1 What causes diffi culties and failures in remembering?
2. From a marketing specialist’s perspective: How might advertisers and others use ways of enhancing memory to promote their products? What ethical principles are involved?Can you think of a way to protect yourself from unethical advertising?
• Do you agree that the risks of using neurological drugs for performance enhancement in healthy people are not worth the potential benefi ts? Why do you think so?
• How would you explain the drawbacks of using drugs that alter brain chemistry for performance enhancement to a friend who wants to try them?
LO 183 What are the biological bases of memory?
LO 182 Are there diff erent kinds of memory?
LO 181 What is memory?
4. If you were in charge of implementing the Snapshot device program, what additional program features could you implement to take advantage of cognitive learning principles?
3. Why would a device that provides real-time feedback on energy use (and cost) be a more eff ective conditioning tool than the electric bill that customers ordinarily get each month?
2. For users of the Snapshot device, what is the reinforcement?
1. Does the Snapshot device make use of classical conditioning or operant conditioning principles? What are your reasons for your answer?
2. From the perspective of a social worker: What advice would you give to families about children’s exposure to violent media and video games?
LO 17-1 What is the role of cognition and thought in learning?
2. From the perspective of an educator: How would you use your knowledge of operant conditioning in the classroom to set up a program to increase the likelihood that children will complete their homework more frequently?
1. Using the scientifi c literature as a guide, what would you tell parents who wish to know if the routine use of physical punishment is a necessary and acceptable form of child rearing?
5. Match the type of reinforcement schedule with its defi nition.1. Reinforcement occursa. fi xed-ratio after a set time period.b. variable-interval 2. Reinforcement occursc. fi xed-interval after a set number ofd. variable-ratio responses.3. Reinforcement occurs after a varying time period.4.
2. Match the type of operant learning with its defi nition:1. An unpleasant stimulus a . positive reinforcement is presented to decrease b . negative reinforcement behavior. c . positive punishment 2. An unpleasant stimulus d . negative punishment is removed to increase behavior.3. A pleasant
• Why is it important for employees to feel a sense of personal control over the safety of their workplace? “This workplace has gone 279 days without an accident.”Signs such as this displayed in work environments are intended to remind employees about safety concerns and to motivate them to
• Why do you think it’s important to use checklists that identify positive safety behaviors as well as risky behaviors? “This workplace has gone 279 days without an accident.”Signs such as this displayed in work environments are intended to remind employees about safety concerns and to
LO 16-2 What are some practical methods for bringing about behavior change, both in ourselves and in others?
LO 16-1 What is the role of reward and punishment in learning?
2. From the perspective of an advertising executive: How might knowledge of classical conditioning be useful in creating an advertising campaign? What, if any, ethical issues arise from this use?
1. How likely is it that Little Albert, Watson’s experimental subject, might has gone through life afraid of Santa Claus?Describe what could have happened to prevent his continual dread of Santa.
2. is the name of the scientist responsible for discovering the learning phenomenon known as conditioning, whereby an organism learns a response to a stimulus to which it normally would not respond.The last three times little Theresa visited Dr. Lopez for checkups, he administered a painful
LO 152 How do we learn to form associations between stimuli and responses?
LO 151 What is learning?
4. If meditation is simple to do and produces psychological benefi ts, why do you think more people aren’t doing it? How would you explain the benefi ts of meditation to a friend? Our examination of states of consciousness has ranged widely. It focuses both on natural factors such as sleep,
3. In what ways are meditation and hypnosis similar? In what ways are they diff erent? Our examination of states of consciousness has ranged widely. It focuses both on natural factors such as sleep, dreaming, and daydreaming and on more intentional modes of altering consciousness, including
2. Why do you think Lynn Blakes was able to prevent a recurrence of depression by meditating regularly? Our examination of states of consciousness has ranged widely. It focuses both on natural factors such as sleep, dreaming, and daydreaming and on more intentional modes of altering consciousness,
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