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physics
college physics 2nd

Questions and Answers of College Physics 2nd

A very myopic man has a far point of 20.0 cm. What power contact lens (when on the eye) will correct his distant vision?
Why not have the objective of a microscope form a case 2 image with a large magnification?
Repeat the previous problem for eyeglasses held 1.50 cm from the eyes.Previous ProblemA very myopic man has a far point of 20.0 cm. What power contact lens (when on the eye) will correct his distant
What advantages do oil immersion objectives offer?
How does the NA of a microscope compare with the NA of an optical fiber?
Repeat the previous problem for glasses that are 1.75 cm from the eyes.Previous ProblemA myopic person sees that their contact lens prescription is -4.00 D. What is their far point?
If you want your microscope or telescope to project a real image onto a screen, how would you change the placement of the eyepiece relative to the objective?
The contact lens prescription for a mildly farsighted person is 0.750 D, and the person has a near point of 29.0 cm. What is the power of the tear layer between the cornea and the lens if the
List the various types of aberrations. What causes them and how can each be reduced?
A nearsighted man cannot see objects clearly beyond 20 cm from his eyes. How close must he stand to a mirror in order to see what he is doing when he shaves?
A teacher sees that a child’s contact lens prescription is 0.750 D. What is the child’s near point?
Repeat the previous problem for glasses that are 2.20 cm from the eyes.Previous ProblemA teacher sees that a child’s contact lens prescription is 0.750 D. What is the child’s near point?
The contact lens prescription for a nearsighted person is -4.00 D and the person has a far point of 22.5 cm. What is the power of the tear layer between the cornea and the lens if the correction is
A boy has a near point of 50 cm and a far point of 500 cm. Will a -4.00 D lens correct his far point to infinity?
A microscope with an overall magnification of 800 has an objective that magnifies by 200.(a) What is the magnification of the eyepiece? (b) If there are two other objectives that can be used, having
(a) What magnification is produced by a 0.150 cm focal length microscope objective that is 0.155 cm from the object being viewed? (b) What is the overall magnification if an 8 × eyepiece (one
(a) Where does an object need to be placed relative to a microscope for its 0.500 cm focal length objective to produce a magnification of -400? (b) Where should the 5.00 cm focal length eyepiece be
You switch from a 1.40 NA 60 × oil immersion objective to a 1.40 NA 60 × oil immersion objective. What are the acceptance angles for each? Compare and comment on the values. Which would you use
An amoeba is 0.305 cm away from the 0.300 cm focal length objective lens of a microscope.(a) Where is the image formed by the objective lens?(b) What is this image’s magnification? (c) An eyepiece
What is the angular magnification of a telescope that has a 100 cm focal length objective and a 2.50cm focal length eyepiece?
Find the distance between the objective and eyepiece lenses in the telescope in the above problem needed to produce a final image very far from the observer, where vision is most relaxed. Note that a
A large reflecting telescope has an objective mirror with a 10.0m radius of curvature. What angular magnification does it produce when a 3.00 cm focal length eyepiece is used?
A small telescope has a concave mirror with a 2.00 m radius of curvature for its objective. Its eyepiece is a 4.00 cm focal length lens.(a) What is the telescope’s angular magnification? (b) What
Consider a telescope of the type used by Galileo, having a convex objective and a concave eyepiece as illustrated in Figure 26.23(a). Construct a problem in which you calculate the location and size
Critical Thinking A microscope has the objective lens 6.00 mm from an object. The focal length of the objective lens is 4.00 mm. The eyepiece has a focal length of 50.0 mm and is initially 25.0 mm
Calculate the speed of light in zircon, a material used in jewelry to imitate diamond.StrategyThe speed of light in a material, v, can be calculated from the index of refraction of the material using
Find the index of refraction for medium 2 in Figure 25.12(a), assuming medium 1 is air and given the incident angle is 30.0 and the angle of refraction is 22.0°.StrategyThe index of refraction for
Show that when light reflects from two mirrors that meet each other at a right angle, the outgoing ray is parallel to the incoming ray, as illustrated in the following figure. 0₁ 0202 0₁
Suppose that in a situation like that in Example 25.2, light goes from air to diamond and that the incident angle is 30.0°. Calculate the angle of refraction θ2 in the diamond.StrategyAgain the
Light shows staged with lasers use moving mirrors to swing beams and create colorful effects. Show that a light ray reflected from a mirror changes direction by 2θ when the mirror is rotated by an
What is the critical angle for light traveling in a polystyrene (a type of plastic) pipe surrounded by air?StrategyThe index of refraction for polystyrene is found to be 1.49 in Figure 25.14, and the
A flat mirror is neither converging nor diverging. To prove this, consider two rays originating from the same point and diverging at an angle θ. Show that after striking a plane mirror, the angle
Suppose you take a magnifying glass out on a sunny day and you find that it concentrates sunlight to a small spot 8.00 cm away from the lens. What are the focal length and power of the
What is the speed of light in water? In glycerine?
A clear glass light bulb is placed 0.750 m from a convex lens having a 0.500 m focal length, as shown in Figure 25.33. Use ray tracing to get an approximate location for the image. Then use the thin
What is the speed of light in air? In crown glass?
Calculate the index of refraction for a medium in which the speed of light is 2.012 x 108 m/s, and identify the most likely substance based on Table 25.1.Data from Table 25.1 Medium Gases at 0°C, 1
Suppose the book page in Figure 25.35 (a) is held 7.50 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10.0 cm, such as a typical magnifying glass might have. What magnification is produced?Strategy and
In what substance in Table 25.1 is the speed of light 2.290 x 108 m/s?Data from Table 25.1 Medium Gases at 0°C, 1 atm Air Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Oxygen Liquids at 20°C Benzene Carbon
Suppose an object such as a book page is held 7.50 cm from a concave lens of focal length –10.0 cm. Such a lens could be used in eyeglasses to correct pronounced nearsightedness. What magnification
Electric room heaters use a concave mirror to reflect infrared (IR) radiation from hot coils. Note that IR follows the same law of reflection as visible light. Given that the mirror has a radius of
There was a major collision of an asteroid with the Moon in medieval times. It was described by monks at Canterbury Cathedral in England as a red glow on and around the Moon. How long after the
One of the solar technologies used today for generating electricity is a device (called a parabolic trough or concentrating collector) that concentrates the sunlight onto a blackened pipe that
A scuba diver training in a pool looks at his instructor as shown in Figure 25.51. What angle does the ray from the instructor's face make with the perpendicular to the water at the point where the
A keratometer is a device used to measure the curvature of the cornea, particularly for fitting contact lenses. Light is reflected from the cornea, which acts like a convex mirror, and the
Components of some computers communicate with each other through optical fibers having an index of refraction n = 1.55. What time in nanoseconds is required for a signal to travel 0.200 m through
(a) Given that the angle between the ray in the water and the perpendicular to the water is 25.0°, and using information in Figure 25.51, find the height of the instructor's head above the water,
On the Moon's surface, lunar astronauts placed a corner reflector, off which a laser beam is periodically reflected. The distance to the Moon is calculated from the round-trip time. What percent
Suppose Figure 25.52 represents a ray of light going from air through crown glass into water, such as going into a fish tank. Calculate the amount the ray is displaced by the glass (Δx), given that
Figure 25.52 shows a ray of light passing from one medium into a second and then a third. Show that θ3 is the same as it would be if the second medium were not present (provided total internal
Suppose light travels from water to another substance, with an angle of incidence of 10.0° and an angle of refraction of 14.9°. (a) What is the index of refraction of the other substance? (b)
Light traveling from water to a gemstone strikes the surface at an angle of 80.0° and has an angle of refraction of 15.2°.(a) What is the speed of light in the gemstone? (b) What is unreasonable
Verify that the critical angle for light going from water to air is 48.6°, as discussed at the end of Example 25.4, regarding the critical angle for light traveling in a polystyrene (a type of
(a) At the end of Example 25.4, it was stated that the critical angle for light going from diamond to air is 24.4°. Verify this. (b) What is the critical angle for light going from zircon to
An optical fiber uses flint glass clad with crown glass. What is the critical angle?
At what minimum angle will you get total internal reflection of light traveling in water and reflected from ice?
Suppose you are using total internal reflection to make an efficient corner reflector. If there is air outside and the incident angle is 45.0°, what must be the minimum index of refraction of the
You can determine the index of refraction of a substance by determining its critical angle.(a) What is the index of refraction of a substance that has a critical angle of 68.4° when submerged in
A ray of light, emitted beneath the surface of an unknown liquid with air above it, undergoes total internal reflection as shown in Figure 25.53. What is the index of refraction for the liquid and
A light ray entering an optical fiber surrounded by air is first refracted and then reflected as shown in Figure 25.54. Show that if the fiber is made from crown glass, any incident ray will be
(a) What is the ratio of the speed of red light to violet light in diamond, based on Table 25.2? (b) What is this ratio in polystyrene?(c) Which is more dispersive?Data From Table 25.2
A beam of white light goes from air into water at an incident angle of 75.0°. At what angles are the red (660 nm) and violet (410 nm) parts of the light refracted?
By how much do the critical angles for red (660 nm) and violet (410 nm) light differ in a diamond surrounded by air?
(a) A narrow beam of light containing yellow (580 nm) and green (550 nm) wavelengths goes from polystyrene to air, striking the surface at a 30.0° incident angle. What is the angle between the
A parallel beam of light containing orange (610 nm) and violet (410 nm) wavelengths goes from fused quartz to water, striking the surface between them at a 60.0° incident angle. What is the angle
A narrow beam of light containing red (660 nm) and blue (470 nm) wavelengths travels from air through a 1.00 cm thick flat piece of crown glass and back to air again. The beam strikes at a 30.0°
A narrow beam of white light enters a prism made of crown glass at a 45.0° incident angle, as shown in Figure 25.55. At what angles, θR and θV, do the red (660 nm) and violet (410 nm) components
What is the power in diopters of a camera lens that has a 50.0 mm focal length?
What is the focal length of 1.75 D reading glasses found on the rack in a pharmacy?
You note that your prescription for new eyeglasses is –4.50 D. What will their focal length be?
How far from the lens must the film in a camera be, if the lens has a 35.0 mm focal length and is being used to photograph a flower 75.0 cm away? Explicitly show how you follow the steps in the
A certain slide projector has a 100 mm focal length lens. (a) How far away is the screen, if a slide is placed 103 mm from the lens and produces a sharp image?(b) If the slide is 24.0 by 36.0 mm,
A doctor examines a mole with a 15.0 cm focal length magnifying glass held 13.5 cm from the mole (a) Where is the image?(b) What is its magnification? (c) How big is the image of a 5.00 mm diameter
A camera with a 50.0 mm focal length lens is being used to photograph a person standing 3.00 m away. (a) How far from the lens must the film be?(b) If the film is 36.0 mm high, what fraction of a
A camera lens used for taking close-up photographs has a focal length of 22.0 mm. The farthest it can be placed from the film is 33.0 mm.(a) What is the closest object that can be photographed? (b)
Suppose your 50.0 mm focal length camera lens is 51.0 mm away from the film in the camera. (a) How far away is an object that is in focus? (b) What is the height of the object if its image is 2.00
(a) What is the focal length of a magnifying glass that produces a magnification of 3.00 when held 5.00 cm from an object, such as a rare coin? (b) Calculate the power of the magnifier in
Suppose a 200 mm focal length telephoto lens is being used to photograph mountains 10.0 km away. (a) Where is the image? (b) What is the height of the image of a 1000 m high cliff on one of the
A camera with a 100 mm focal length lens is used to photograph the sun and moon. What is the height of the image of the sun on the film, given the sun is 1.40 x 106 km in diameter and is 1.50 x 108
Combine thin lens equations to show that the magnification for a thin lens is determined by its focal length and the object distance and is given by m = f/(f - do).
What is the focal length of a makeup mirror that has a power of 1.50 D?
Some telephoto cameras use a mirror rather than a lens. What radius of curvature mirror is needed to replace a 800 mm focal length telephoto lens?
(a) Calculate the focal length of the mirror formed by the shiny back of a spoon that has a 3.00 cm radius of curvature. (b) What is its power in diopters?
Find the magnification of the heater element in Example 25.9. Note that its large magnitude helps spread out the reflected energy.Data from Example 25.9Electric room heaters use a concave mirror to
A shopper standing 3.00 m from a convex security mirror sees his image with a magnification of 0.250. (a) Where is his image?(b) What is the focal length of the mirror? (c) What is its radius of
An object 1.50 cm high is held 3.00 cm from a person’s cornea, and its reflected image is measured to be 0.167 cm high. (a) What is the magnification? (b) Where is the image? (c) Find the radius
Ray tracing for a flat mirror shows that the image is located a distance behind the mirror equal to the distance of the object from the mirror. This is stated di = -do, since this is a negative image
Show that for a flat mirror hi = ho, knowing that the image is a distance behind the mirror equal in magnitude to the distance of the object from the mirror.
Use the law of reflection to prove that the focal length of a mirror is half its radius of curvature. That is, prove that f= R/2. Note this is true for a spherical mirror only if its diameter is
Calculate the intensity of IR radiation in W/m2 projected by the concave mirror on a person 3.00 m away. Assume that the heating element radiates 1500 W and has an area of 100 cm2, and that half of
Consider a 250-W heat lamp fixed to the ceiling in a bathroom. If the filament in one light burns out then the remaining three still work. Construct a problem in which you determine the resistance of
Light composed of multiple frequencies passes through crown glass.(a) How much faster does the violet component of the light with a wavelength of 410 nm travel in the crown glass than the component
Calculate:(a) The number of moles in 1.00 m3 of gas at STP, and (b) The number of liters of gas per mole.
Assume the helium-neon lasers commonly used in student physics laboratories have power outputs of 0.250 mW.(a) If such a laser beam is projected onto a circular spot 1.00 mm in diameter, what is its
Distances in space are often quoted in units of light years, the distance light travels in one year.(a) How many meters is a light year? (b) How many meters is it to Andromeda, the nearest large
Suppose your 60.0-L (15.9-gal) steel gasoline tank is full of gas, so both the tank and the gasoline have a temperature of 15.0°C. How much gasoline has spilled by the time they warm to
What magnification will be produced by a lens of power –4.00 D (such as might be used to correct myopia) if an object is held 25.0 cm away?
(a) Find the magnetic field strength when the electric field strength is 1,250 V/m. (b) If E is increased, would B be increased, decreased, or remain the same? (c) By what factor would the change
If the Sun suddenly turned off, we would not know it until its light stopped coming. How long would that be, given that the Sun is 1.50 × 1011 m away?
If you wish to detect details of the size of atoms (about 1x10-10 m) with electromagnetic radiation, it must have a wavelength of about this size. (a) What is its frequency? (b) What type of

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