Exploring Psychology 10th Edition David G. Myers, C Nathan Dewall - Solutions

1.• The average of a distribution of scores is the __________ . The score that shows up most often is the _______________. The score right in the middle of a distribution (half the scores above it; half below) is the _________ . We determine how much scores vary around the average in a way that
1.• An American truck manufacturer offered graph (a)—with actual brand names included—to suggest the much greater durability of its trucks.What does graph (b) make clear about the varying durability, and how is this accomplished?
1.5. An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is calleda. deep brain stimulation.b. the mood-stabilizing perspective.c. spontaneous recovery.d. preventive mental health.
1.4. When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used as treatment, largely for people witha. severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.b. severe depression.c. schizophrenia.d. anxiety disorders.
1.3. A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and lows of bipolar disorder is _____________.
1.2. Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can become addictive when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as _____________drugs.
1.1. Some antipsychotic drugs, used to calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notablya. hyperactivity.b. convulsions and momentary memory loss.c. sluggishness, tremors, and twitches.d. paranoia.
1.15-17 What is the rationale for preventive mental health programs, and why is it important to develop resilience?
1.15-16 How, by taking care of themselves with a healthy lifestyle, might people fi nd some relief from depression? How does this reinforce the idea that we are biopsychosocial systems?
1.15-15 How are brain stimulation and psychosurgery used in treating specifi c disorders?
1.15-14 What are the drug therapies? How do double-blind studies help researchers evaluate a drug’s effectiveness?
1.• What is the difference between preventive mental health and psychological or biomedical therapy?
1.• The drugs given most often to treat depression are called __________ . Schizophrenia is often treated with_______________ drugs.
1.14. Studies show ______________ that therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders.a. behaviorc. psychodynamicb. humanisticd. no one type of
1.13. The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes froma. outcome research.b. randomized clinical trials.c. reports of clinicians and clients.d. a government study of treatment for depression.
1.9. At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n)_________________ ____________.
1.8. After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the freeway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his phobia, and why?
1.6. Behavior therapies often use ____________ techniques, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.
1.4. A therapist who restates and clarifi es the client’s statements is practicing _____________ ______________.
1.3. Compared with psychoanalysts, humanistic therapists are more likely to emphasizea. hidden or repressed feelings.b. childhood experiences.c. psychological disorders.d. self-fulfi llment and growth.
1.2. ____________therapies are designed to help individuals discover the thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.
1.1. A therapist who helps patients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams is drawing froma. psychoanalysis.b. humanistic therapies.c. client-centered therapy.d. behavior therapy.
1.15-13 What should a person look for when selecting a therapist?
1.15-12 How do culture and values infl uence the therapist-client relationship?
1.15-11 What three elements are shared by all forms of psychotherapy?
1.15-10 How do alternative therapies fare under scientifi c scrutiny?
1.15-9 Are some psychotherapies more effective than others for specifi c disorders?
1.15-8 Does psychotherapy work? How can we know?
1.15-7 What are the aims and benefi ts of group and family therapies?
1.15-6 What are the goals and techniques of cognitive therapy and of cognitive-behavioral therapy?
1.15-4 How does the basic assumption of behavior therapy differ from the assumptions of psychodynamic and humanistic therapies?What techniques are used in exposure therapies and aversive conditioning?
1.15-3 What are the basic themes of humanistic therapy? What are the specifi c goals and techniques of Rogers’ client-centered approach?
1.15-2 What are the goals and techniques of psychoanalysis, and how have they been adapted in psychodynamic therapy?
1.• Those who undergo psychotherapy are _______________ (more/less) likely to show improvement than those who do not undergo psychotherapy.
1.• What is evidence-based clinical decision making?
1.How might the placebo effect bias clients’ and clinicians’ appraisals of the effectiveness of psychotherapies?
1.• Which of the following is NOT a benefit of group therapy?a. more focused attention from the therapistc. social feedbackb. less expensived. reassurance that others share troubles
1.• Which therapeutic technique focuses more on the present and future than the past, and involves unconditional positive regard and active listening?
1.• What is cognitive-behavioral therapy, and what sorts of problems does this therapy best address?
1.• An influential cognitive therapy for depression was developed by_______________-_______________.
1.• How do the humanistic and cognitive therapies differ?
1.Some maladaptive behaviors are learned. What hope does this fact provide?
1.• What are the insight therapies, and how do they differ from behavior therapies?
1.• What might a psychodynamic therapist say about Mowrer’s therapy for bed-wetting? How about a humanistic therapist? How might a behavior therapist reply?
1.• In psychoanalysis, when patients experience strong feelings for their therapist, this is called _____________. Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive memories, indicating_________________ . The therapist will attempt to provide insight into
9. When sample averages are _____________ and the difference between them is ______________, we can say the difference has statistical signifi cance.a. reliable; largeb. reliable; smallc. due to chance; larged. due to chance; small
8. In ____________-_______________ studies, a characteristic is assessed across different age groups at the same time.
7. What is regression toward the mean, and how can it infl uence our interpretation of events?
5. If a study revealed that tall people were less intelligent than short people, this would suggest that the correlation between height and intelligence is _______________(positive/negative).
1.4. In a ______________ correlation, the scores rise and fall together; in a(n) _____________ correlation, one score falls and the other rises.a. positive; negativec. negative; inverseb. positive; illusoryd. strong; weak
1.3. Another name for a bell-shaped distribution, in which most scores fall near the middle and fewer scores fall at each extreme, is a _____________ ______________.
1.A-4 How do we know whether an observed difference can be generalized to other populations?
1.A-3 What is regression toward the mean?
1.A-2 What does it mean when we say two things are correlated?
1.A-1 How do we describe data using three measures of central tendency, and what is the relative usefulness of the two measures of variation?
1.• You hear the school basketball coach telling her friend that she rescued her team’s winning streak by yelling at the players after they played an unusually bad first half. What is another explanation of why the team’s performance improved?
1.• The average of a distribution of scores is the ___________. The score that shows up most often is the __________ . The score right in the middle of a distribution (half the scores above it; half below) is the ___________. We determine how much scores vary around the average in a way that
1.5. An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is calleda. deep brain stimulation.b. the mood-stabilizing perspective.c. spontaneous recovery.d. preventive mental health.
1.4. When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used as treatment, largely for people witha. severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.b. severe depression.c. schizophrenia.d. anxiety disorders.
1.3. A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and lows of bipolar disorder is ____________ .
1.2. Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can become addictive when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as ____________ drugs.
1.1. Some antipsychotic drugs, used to calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notablya. hyperactivity.b. convulsions and momentary memory loss.c. sluggishness, tremors, and twitches.d. paranoia.
1.15-17 What is the rationale for preventive mental health programs, and why is it important to develop resilience?
1.15-16 How, by taking care of themselves with a healthy lifestyle, might people fi nd some relief from depression? How does this reinforce the idea that we are biopsychosocial systems?
1.15-15 How are brain stimulation and psychosurgery used in treating specifi c disorders?
1.15-14 What are the drug therapies? How do double-blind studies help researchers evaluate a drug’s effectiveness?
1.• What is the difference between preventive mental health and psychological or biomedical therapy?
1.• The drugs given most often to treat depression are called _____________ . Schizophrenia is often treated with ______________ drugs.
1.14. Studies show that _____________ therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders.a. behaviorc. psychodynamicb. humanisticd. no one type of
1.13. The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes froma. outcome research.b. randomized clinical trials.c. reports of clinicians and clients.d. a government study of treatment for depression.
1.9. At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n) __________ ______________.
1.8. After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the freeway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his phobia, and why?
1.6. Behavior therapies often use _____________ techniques, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.
1.4. A therapist who restates and clarifi es the client’s statements is practicing ____________ ______________.
1.3. Compared with psychoanalysts, humanistic therapists are more likely to emphasizea. hidden or repressed feelings.b. childhood experiences.c. psychological disorders.d. self-fulfi llment and growth.
1.2. ______________therapies are designed to help individuals discover the thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.
1.1. A therapist who helps patients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams is drawing froma. psychoanalysis.b. humanistic therapies.c. client-centered therapy.d. behavior therapy.
1.15-13 What should a person look for when selecting a therapist?
1.15-12 How do culture and values infl uence the therapist-client relationship?
1.15-11 What three elements are shared by all forms of psychotherapy?
1.15-10 How do alternative therapies fare under scientifi c scrutiny?
1.15-9 Are some psychotherapies more effective than others for specifi c disorders?
1.15-8 Does psychotherapy work? How can we know?
1.15-7 What are the aims and benefi ts of group and family therapies?
1.15-6 What are the goals and techniques of cognitive therapy and of cognitive-behavioral therapy?
1.15-4 How does the basic assumption of behavior therapy differ from the assumptions of psychodynamic and humanistic therapies?What techniques are used in exposure therapies and aversive conditioning?
1.15-3 What are the basic themes of humanistic therapy? What are the specifi c goals and techniques of Rogers’ client-centered approach?
1.15-2 What are the goals and techniques of psychoanalysis, and how have they been adapted in psychodynamic therapy?
1.• Those who undergo psychotherapy are _______________ (more/less) likely to show improvement than those who do not undergo psychotherapy.
1.• What is evidence-based clinical decision making?
1.• How might the placebo effect bias clients’ and clinicians’ appraisals of the effectiveness of psychotherapies?
1.• Which of the following is NOT a benefit of group therapy?a. more focused attention from the therapistc. social feedbackb. less expensived. reassurance that others share troubles
1.• Which therapeutic technique focuses more on the present and future than the past, and involves unconditional positive regard and active listening?
1.• What is cognitive-behavioral therapy, and what sorts of problems does this therapy best address?
1.• An influential cognitive therapy for depression was developed by ____________ _____________.
1.• How do the humanistic and cognitive therapies differ?
1.• Some maladaptive behaviors are learned. What hope does this fact provide?
1.• What are the insight therapies, and how do they differ from behavior therapies?
1.• What might a psychodynamic therapist say about Mowrer’s therapy for bed-wetting? How about a humanistic therapist? How might a behavior therapist reply?
1.In psychoanalysis, when patients experience strong feelings for their therapist, this is called _______________. Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive memories, indicating ____________ . The therapist will attempt to provide insight into the

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Exploring Psychology 10th Edition David G. Myers, C Nathan Dewall - Solutions

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