Exploring Psychology 10th Edition David G. Myers, C Nathan Dewall - Solutions

1.8. Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa?a. People with bulimia continue to want to lose weight even when they are underweight.b. Bulimia is marked by weight fl uctuations within or above normal ranges.c. Bulimia patients often come from middle-class families that are
1.7. PET scans of murderers’ brains have revealeda. higher-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes.b. lower-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes.c. more frontal lobe tissue than normal.d. no differences in brain structures or activity.
1.6. A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, is characterized bya. depression.b. hallucinations.c. infl exible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.d. an elevated level of autonomic nervous system arousal.
1.5. Dissociative identity disorder is controversial becausea. dissociation is quite rare.b. it was reported frequently in the 1920s but rarely today.c. it is almost never reported outside North America.d. its symptoms are nearly identical to those of obsessivecompulsive disorder.
1.4. Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best whena. onset is sudden, in response to stress.b. deterioration occurs gradually, during childhood.c. no environmental causes can be identifi ed.d. there is a detectable brain abnormality.
1.3. People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging selfdestruction, an example of a(n) ______________ .
1.2. A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experiencea. catatonia.c. withdrawal.b. delusions.d. fl at emotion.
1.1. Victor exclaimed, “The weather has been so schizophrenic lately: It’s hot one day and freezing the next!” Is this an accurate comparison? Why or why not?
1.14-21 What are the three main eating disorders, and how do biological, psychological, and social-cultural infl uences make people more vulnerable to them?
1.14-20 What are the three clusters of personality disorders? What behaviors and brain activity characterize the antisocial personality?
1.14-19 What are dissociative disorders, and why are they controversial?
1.14-18 How do genes infl uence schizophrenia?
1.14-17 What prenatal events are associated with increased risk of developing schizophrenia?
1.14-16 What brain abnormalities are associated with schizophrenia?
1.14-15 How do chronic and acute schizophrenia differ?
1.14-14 What patterns of perceiving, thinking, and feeling characterize schizophrenia?
1.• People with _______________ (anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa) continue to want to lose weight even when they are underweight. Those with _______________ (anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa) tend to have weight that fluctuates within or above normal ranges.
1.• How do biological and psychological factors contribute to antisocial personality disorder?
1.• The psychodynamic and learning perspectives agree that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are ways of dealing with anxiety. How do their explanations differ?
1.4. Psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression are working within the ___________-______________ perspective.
1.3. Treatment for depression often includes drugs that increase supplies of the neurotransmitters _______________and______________ .
1.2. Rates of bipolar disorder have risen dramatically in the twenty-fi rst century, especially amonga. middle-aged women.c. people 20 and over.b. middle-aged men.d. people 19 and under.
1.4. When a person with an anxiety disorder eases anxiety by avoiding or escaping a situation that inspires fear, this is calleda. conditioning.c. an epigenetic mark.b. reinforcement.d. hypervigilance.
1.3. Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities.Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having _____________-______________ disorder.
1.2. An episode of intense dread, accompanied by trembling, dizziness, chest pains, or choking sensations and by feelings of terror, is calleda. a specifi c phobia.c. a panic attack.b. a compulsion.d. an obsessive fear.
1.1. Anxiety that takes the form of an irrational and maladaptive fear of a specifi c object, activity, or situation is called a ______________ .
1.14-10 How do conditioning, cognition, and biology contribute to the feelings and thoughts that mark anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD?
1.14-9 What is PTSD?
1.14-8 What is OCD?
1.14-7 How do generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias differ?
1.• Researchers believe that conditioning and cognitive processes contribute to anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. What biological factors also contribute to these disorders?
1.• Those with symptoms of recurring memories and nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia for weeks after a traumatic event may be diagnosed with _____________ _____________disorder.
1.• Those who express anxiety through unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions may have a(n)______________-_______________ disorder.
1.• If a person is focusing anxiety on specific feared objects or situations, that person may have a ______________ .
1.• Those who experience unpredictable periods of terror and intense dread, accompanied by frightening physical sensations, may be diagnosed with a ____________ disorder.
1.• Unfocused tension, apprehension, and arousal are symptoms of __________ _______________disorder.
1.8. The symptoms of ____________appear around age 10;______________tend[s] to appear later, around age 25.a. schizophrenia; bipolar disorderb. bipolar disorder; schizophreniac. major depressive disorder; phobiasd. phobias; major depressive disorder
1.7. One predictor of psychiatric disorders that crosses ethnic and gender lines is ________________ .
1.6. Why is the DSM, and the DSM-5 in particular, considered controversial?
1.5. Many psychologists reject the “disorders-as-illness”view and instead contend that other factors may also be involved—for example, the person’s bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the _____________ approach.a. medicalc. biopsychosocialb. culture-specifi cd. diagnostic
1.4. A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the ______________model.
1.3. What is susto, and is this a culture-specifi c or universal psychological disorder?
1.1. Two major disorders that are found worldwide are schizophrenia and _____________ .
1.14-6 How many people have, or have had, a psychological disorder? Is poverty a risk factor?
1.14-4 Why is there controversy over attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder?
1.14-3 How and why do clinicians classify psychological disorders, and why do some psychologists criticize the use of diagnostic labels?
1.14-2 How do the medical model and the biopsychosocial approach infl uence our understanding of psychological disorders?
1.14-1 How should we draw the line between normality and disorder?
1.• What is the value, and what are the dangers, of labeling individuals with disorders?
1.• What is the biopsychosocial approach, and why is it important in our understanding of psychological disorders?
1.• Are psychological disorders universal, or are they culture-specific? Explain with examples.
1.10. Individualist cultures tend to value _______________ ;collectivist cultures tend to value __________.a. interdependence; independenceb. independence; interdependencec. solidarity; uniquenessd. duty; fulfi llment
1.9. The tendency to overestimate others’ attention to and evaluation of our appearance, performance, and blunders is called the _______________ ________________- .
1.8. A fortune cookie advises, “Love yourself and happiness will follow.” Is this good advice?
1.7. Researchers have found that low self-esteem tends to be linked with life problems. How should this link be interpreted?a. Life problems cause low self-esteem.b. The answer isn’t clear because the link is correlational and does not indicate cause and effect.c. Low self-esteem leads to life
1.6. Critics say that ______________-________________ personality theory is very sensitive to an individual’s interactions with particular situations, but that it gives too little attention to the person’s enduring traits.
1.5. The social-cognitive perspective proposes our personality is shaped by a process called reciprocal determinism, as personal factors, environmental factors, and behaviors interact. An example of an environmental factor isa. the presence of books in a home.b. a preference for outdoor play.c. the
1.4. Our scores on personality tests best predicta. our behavior on a specifi c occasion.b. our average behavior across many situations.c. behavior involving a single trait, such as conscientiousness.d. behavior that depends on the situation or context.
1.3. Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality factors?a. Conscientiousnessb. Anxietyc. Extraversiond. Agreeableness
1.2. One famous personality inventory is thea. Extraversion–Introversion Scale.b. Person–Situation Inventory.c. MMPI.d. Rorschach.
1.1. _______________ theories of personality focus on describing characteristic behavior patterns, such as agreeableness or extraversion.
1.13-22 How do individualist and collectivist cultures differ in their values and goals?
1.13-21 What evidence reveals self-serving bias, and how do defensive and secure self-esteem differ?
1.13-20 Why has psychology generated so much research on the self? How important is self-esteem to our well-being?
1.13-19 What criticisms have social-cognitive theorists faced?
1.13-18 How do social-cognitive theorists view personality development, and how do they explore behavior?
1.13-17 Does research support the consistency of personality traits over time and across situations?
1.13-16 Which traits seem to provide the most useful information about personality variation?
1.13-15 What are personality inventories, and what are their strengths and weaknesses as trait-assessment tools?
1.13-14 What are some common misunderstandings about introversion? Does extraversion lead to greater success than introversion?
1.13-13 How do psychologists use traits to describe personality?
1.• How do individualist and collectivist cultures differ?
1.• ____________(Secure/Defensive) self-esteem correlates with more anger and greater feelings of vulnerability. _____________(Secure/Defensive) self-esteem is a healthier self-image that allows us to focus beyond ourselves and enjoy a higher quality of life.
1.• The tendency to accept responsibility for success and blame circumstances or bad luck for failure is called _______________- _________________ ________________- .
1.• What are the positive and negative effects of high self-esteem?
1.• What is the best way to predict a person’s future behavior?
1.• Albert Bandura proposed the ______________-______________ perspective on personality, which emphasizes the interaction of people with their environment. To describe the interacting influences of behavior, thoughts, and environment, he used the term _______________ _____________.
1.• What are the Big Five personality factors, and why are they scientifically useful?
1.• Which two primary dimensions did Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck propose for describing personality variation?
1.12. The total acceptance Rogers advocated as part of a growth-promoting environment is called _______________ _______________ ______________ .
1.11. How might Rogers explain how environment infl uences the development of a criminal?
1.10. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposes that we must satisfy basic physiological and safety needs before we seek ultimate psychological needs, such as self-actualization.Maslow based his ideas ona. Freudian theory.b. his experiences with patients.c. a series of laboratory experiments.d. his
1.9. Which of the following is NOT part of the contemporary view of the unconscious?a. Repressed memories of anxiety-provoking eventsb. Schemas that infl uence our perceptions and interpretationsc. Stereotypes that affect our information processingd. Instantly activated emotions and implicit
1.8. Modern-day psychodynamic theorists and therapists agree with Freud abouta. the existence of unconscious mental processes.b. the Oedipus complex.c. the predictive value of Freudian theory.d. the superego’s role as the executive part of personality.
1.7. In general, neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney accepted many of Freud’s views but placed more emphasis than he did ona. development throughout the life span.b. the collective unconscious.c. the role of the id.d. social interactions.
1.6. ____________ tests ask test-takers to respond to an ambiguous stimulus, for example, by describing it or telling a story about it.
1.5. Freud believed that defense mechanisms are unconscious attempts to distort or disguise reality, all in an effort to reduce our _______________ .
1.4. According to the psychoanalytic view of development, we all pass through a series of psychosexual stages, including the oral, anal, and phallic stages. Confl icts unresolved at any of these stages may lead toa. dormant sexual feelings.b. fi xation at that stage.c. preconscious blocking of
1.3. Freud proposed that the development of the “voice of conscience”is related to the____________ , which internalizes ideals and provides standards for judgments.
1.2. According to Freud’s view of personality structure, the“executive” system, the___________ , seeks to gratify the impulses of the_____________ in more acceptable ways.a. id; egoc. ego; idb. ego; superegod. id; superego
1.1. Freud believed that we may block painful or unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, or memories from consciousness through an unconscious process called ______________.
1.13-12 How have humanistic theories infl uenced psychology? What criticisms have they faced?
1.13-11 How did humanistic psychologists assess a person’s sense of self?
1.13-10 How did humanistic psychologists view personality, and what was their goal in studying personality?
1.13-9 How has modern research developed our understanding of the unconscious?
1.13-8 How do contemporary psychologists view Freud’s psychoanalysis?
1.13-7 What are projective tests, how are they used, and what are some criticisms of them?
1.13-6 Which of Freud’s ideas did his followers accept or reject?
1.13-5 How did Freud think people defended themselves against anxiety?
1.13-4 What developmental stages did Freud propose?

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Exploring Psychology 10th Edition David G. Myers, C Nathan Dewall - Solutions

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