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business
operations management 6th

Operations Management Providing Value In Goods And Services 3rd Edition Dilworth, James B - Solutions

1. As you read in the chapter, Ford Motor Company’s slogan is “Quality is job one.”Visit Ford’s Web site to find out exactly what this slogan means at Ford. You can use the key words “Ford Motor Company” in your search engine or www2.ford.com to access a variety of information about
6. Suppose that in problem 5 all parts that are too large can be reworked to be within the specs at a cost of $9.00. All parts that are too small will still be scrap, as stated in problem 5.a. Under these conditions, how many parts should be started to complete 10,000 good parts?b. What will be the
5. Suppose that the company in problem 4 wishes to produce 10,000 parts that are within the specs (specifications) and that it operates the process centered at 1.500 centimeters. All parts that are outside the specs are scrapped, and the company will receive only $1.00 for each of them. It costs
4. The specifications for one dimension of part of a ski binding are 1.50 plus or minus 0.002 centimeter. When the manufacturing facility makes parts of this general size, the process has a standard deviation of measurements of 0.0015 centimeter.a. Calculate the process capability index for this
3. The specifications for a critical characteristic of an electric resistor call for it to have a resistance of 500 25 ohms. The process for making the resistors produces a normal distribution of measurements of resistance with a standard deviation of 5 ohms.a. Calculate C, for this situation.b. Is
2. The manufacturer of a carbonated drink mix recommends that its drink concen- trate be 6+1 percent of each drink so the drinks will have the intended flavor. A manufacturer of drink dispensers is testing its mixer valves to determine the per- centage of concentrate dispensed. What would the
1. The specifications from the manufacturer of a particular type of metal coating call for the temperature of the drying oven to be 370 10F. The company that is con- sidering using this coating has run tests by taking a large number of temperature readings from various parts of its oven at random
13. Business results account for 45 percent of the total score a company can receive in the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria. How are business results related to quality?
12. What two measurements does a process capability index compare?
11. How can simplification and standardization of its goods and services benefit a company?
10. Briefly describe the application of quality function deployment.
9.a. What is concurrent engineering, or team design?b. What advantages can be gained from this approach to designing goods and services?
8. Why is a focus on processes important in a company?
7. How is strategic planning related to the achievement of a total quality management culture?
6. Can a company truly excel at quality without the efforts of the senior leadership of the company?
5. What are four conditions described as existing in true teams?
4. Figure 3.1 shows information and analysis as a central block that is linked to sev- eral other blocks in the figure. Discuss the reason for the relationship this repre- sents.
3. What are the seven major categories in the criteria for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award?
2. Give four characteristics that often are found in companies that have a total quality culture.
1. What is total quality management?
1.a. Compute the expected value for the number of trucks that arrive in | hour at the Mid-American Grain Company presented as an application within the supplement.Use the formulab. Obtain 20 two-digit random numbers by reading the first two digits in each of the first 20 rows of Appendix IV. Use
2. The time (rounded to the nearest 10 minutes) between customer arrivals at a shoe repair shop is distributed as follows:a. Calculate the means of this distribution by b. Construct a less-than-or-equal cumulative probability distribution suitable for usein a Monte Carlo situation.c. Make a table
7. A distribution center supplies three company outlets. The probability distributions for weekly demand at the three outlets are given below.a. Simulate the demand at the distribution center for each week of a 20-week period, and calculate the mean weekly demand. From Appendix IV, use the top 20
9. Suppose that the lead time for the distribution center in problem 8 can be 1, 2, or 3 weeks with these probabilities:a. Simulate the amount of demand that occurs at the distribution center for 20 lead times by using the weekly demand distribution constructed in problem 8 and the information
Shown below is an AOA network for a small project. The three time estimates, in weeks, for each activity are shown on each arrow.(a) Compute the expected time for each activity.(b) Find the expected duration of the project.(c) Find the slack at the nodes that are not on the critical path.(d)
1. The table below shows the precedence relationships among the activities required to complete the opening of a new store. Construct an AON network for the store opening. ACTIVITY MUST PRECEDE A B F, G, L A, F C D E HK K B C, D, H A G
3. The table below shows the durations for the activities necessary to open the new store in problem 1. Find the critical path, the project duration, and the float for each activity. ACTIVITY DURATION (DAYS) ABC 4 10 12 D E F 6 8 14 G 7 HKL 6 5 10
4. Given the following durations of and the precedence relationships among the activities required to complete a project:a. Construct an AON network for the project.b. Determine the critical path for the project.c. Calculate the completion time.d. Determine the slack for the activities not on the
5. Given below are the durations of and the precedence relationships among the activities required to complete a project.a. Construct an AON network for the project.b. Calculate the completion time for the project.c. Determine the critical path for the project.d. Determine the slack for each
6. A CPM diagram is shown below with the estimated times in weeks.a. Find the critical path.b. Find the expected completion date.c. Develop a table showing the slack for each activity. B, 10 C, 9 A, 3 D, 8 E, 6 F. 9 G, 9 H, 6
7. For the project shown in the network shown below:a. Find the expected project duration.b. Find the critical path.c. Find the slack at each activity. 8,9 E, 6 A, 5 C, 10 F,6 K, 5 M, 6 G, 6 D, 7 H, 7 7, 10 L, 8
8. The CPM network below represents a project with the times estimated in weeks.a. What is the expected project duration?b. What is the critical path?c. Find the ES, EF, LS, LF, and float at each activity C, 10 E, 12 H, 8 L9 A,5 B, 3 F,9 4, 6 K,7 N, 2 D, 7 G, 9 7,8 M, 6
9. Shown at the top of page 661 is an AON network for a PERT schedule on a project.The three time estimates, in weeks, for each activity are given in the table below.a. Compute 1, for each activity.b. Determine the expected completion time for the project.c. What is the critical path?d. Give the
10. Shown below is a network showing the sequence of activities that must be performed to complete a contract. The estimated duration for each task, without expediting, is indicated on the network. Because of the revenue generation ability of this project, the customer has offered an incentive
Shown at the top of page 663 is a network showing the sequence of activities that must be performed to complete a project. The estimated duration in days of each activity, without expediting, is indicated in each node. The following table shows the cost to reduce the duration of each activity by 1
12. A PERT diagram is shown below with the optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic times, in days, shown above each arrow.a. Find ¢, for each activity.b. Find the slack for each event and find the critical path.c. What is the expected completion time?d. What is the probability that the critical
14. With regard to problem 13:a. Find the standard deviation of the critical path.b. What is the probability of completing the critical path in 2 days less than the expected duration? 10 10 7, 10, 12 20 9, 11, 13 8,14,20 5, 9, 15 40 70 7, 10, 13 30 6, 15, 21 50 12, 15, 17 6,10,16 60 7,9, 13 80 9,
Twenty samples were taken from a cable-weaving machine while it was being operated under closely controlled conditions. The number of defects per 100 meters for the samples is recorded in the chart below. Determine the control chart limits for the machine. 4 4 5 3 6 2 2 4 5 3 4 2 3 2 4 5 5 7 5 3
2. If graphics are available, plot the control limits and the X and R values from the samples. SAMPLE OBSERVED DIMENSIONS (CM) SAMPLE OBSERVED DIMENSIONS (CM) 4.843 4.863 4.859 4.904 4.863 4.866 4.925 4.882 4.891 10 4.921 4.920 4.894 4.866 4.914 4.873 11 4.914 4.884 4.899 4.852 4.883 4.880 12 4.892
3. Here’s a chance to relive your childhood. Visit the Web site for Mattel Inc. at www.service.mattel.com, and browse through its various sections to learn more about how the company operates. Click on the products that strike you—Barbie, Hot Wheels, Cabbage Patch Kids (or go high-tech and
2. Clairol isn’t just for women; the company manufactures hair products for men as well.The hair care market is so competitive that Clairol must strive for continuous improvement in its processes and products in order to gain a competitive edge. Visit the Clairol Web site at www.clairol.com, and
1. If you’ve ever painted a room—or helped paint the exterior of a house—you know how important the quality of paint you use is to getting the results you want. Benjamin Moore & Co. is one paint company that continuously strives to bring high-quality paint to market, for consumer and
13. Other than improving work steps and processes, how are companies improving their competitiveness today?
12. Why would a company restudy its processes after they have been carefully designed and debugged initially?
11. Why is it beneficial to view work from a process perspective?
10. What, if anything, is the difference between process reengineering and process improvement?
9. In brainstorming, why is it recommended that'a group not evaluate ideas as they are generated in order to keep ideas more realistic and practical?
8. Do cause-and-effect diagrams have any advantages over a simple list of possible causes of a problem? Why?
7.a. How is a Pareto analysis useful in guiding the selection of areas where improvement efforts will be directed?b. Give two selection criteria other than frequency of occurrence that could be plotted in a Pareto diagram and used to select the problem that should be improved.
6. In developing a flow process chart, what are the five types of activities used to describe the steps involved in the job or process?
5. In an improvement study, what are some reasons for or advantages of documenting the current methods of performing the job or process that is being studied?
4. Why might a graph of improvement over time show a decline between improvement steps if the company concentrates only on finding major improvements?
3. What is kaizen? ,
2. Why is change inevitable for most companies?
1. A company’s facilities (buildings and equipment) last for many years. Is it reasonable to expect that they may be revised after only a few years of use?
2. Pfizer is a 150-year-old company that refers to itself as a “research-based global health care company.” You probably know the company better by its products, which include Bengay (an ointment for sore muscles) and Visine (eye drops that “get the red out”).Of course, quality control is
1. Columbia Sportswear Company is perhaps still best known for its original 3-in-1 parka.However, the company has grown so that it now offers a full line of outerwear, footwear, and products for hunting and fishing as well as for children. Access Columbia’s Web site at www.columbia.com, and click
1. Construct a spreadsheet template to compute the 30 control limits for X and R from 15 samples of size n = 3. You will need 15 rows and 3 columns to record the data given in the following table. Determine X, the maximum, the minimum, and R for each sample; then compute X and R. Store the
28. A single sampling plan uses n = 60 and c=2. The lot size of 600 is large enough that the Poisson table in Appendix III can be used. Construct the OC curve for this sam- pling plan.
27. A single-sampling plan uses n = 30, c = 1. What is a at AQL = 0.01? What is at LTPD = 0.06? Assume the Poisson approximation can be used.
26. Develop the OC curve for the sampling plan n = 40, c = 2, and for the plan n = 80, c = 4. Assume that the Poisson distribution can be applied. What are the a's for the two plans if AQL = 0.02? What are the 's for the plans if LTPD = 0.08? ==
25. Rocky Davis has stated that a sampling plan of n = 100, c = 4 will be used for pur- chasing simulated granite paperweights. Find the probability that a lot with the AQL of 0.02 defective will be rejected. Find the probability that a lot of 0.03 defective will be accepted. Find the probability
24. Cases of a particular type of computer disks have been found to contain an average of 1.62 defects per case. Construct the 30 limits for the number of defects in a case of these disks.
23. Twelve rolls of wallpaper have been examined to estimate the average number of de- fects per roll. The number of defects found in each was 2, 2, 3, 5, 1, 6, 4, 5, 7, 0, 3, and 1, respectively. The wallpaper manufacturer paid careful attention to the process to make sure it was in control when
22. Spools of wire have been tested and found to contain an average of 3.71 defects per spool. Establish the 30 control limits for the defects per unit when the wire-making process is in control.
21. The principal of a large high school wants to establish control limits for the number of truancies per week so that she will know when and if enforcement should be in- creased. If an average of 16.5 truancies per week occurs, establish control limits for the truancy process when the sampling
20. A manufacturing process sews buttons on cardigan sweaters with a reject rate of 11.8 percent when it is operating satisfactorily. During a day when the process was oper- ated with buttons from a new supplier, 15 defective button attachments were found in 52 randomly selected sweaters. Should
19. A production process makes large sheets of plate glass with an average of 2.42 defects per sheet. Establish 30 control limits for the defects per unit for this process.
18. A sharpening machine at the Carolina Electric Razor Company sharpens the blades on rotary cutter heads for electric razors. If there is a burr on any of the cutter blades, the razor will not operate properly, so random samples of 50 parts are inspected reg- ularly to see if the machine is
A Touch of Class Catering washes its china in an automatic dishwasher. Each piece is inspected as employees select six 5-piece settings to pack in special boxes for storage and travel. Normally this procedure averages 2 unsatisfactorily cleaned items out of 30. Today, an average of 5 out of 30 were
16. The supervisor of a stenographic pool is developing control charts for typing reports and memorandums. Random samples of 30 pages of the daily output have been se- lected and proofread. The fractions defective for 15 samples were recorded as follows: 0.067, 0.10, 0.133, 0.133, 0.067, 0.0, 0.10,
15. A process has been operating for several weeks and found to produce an average of 1.22 percent defectives. Establish the 30 limits for the proportion defective when sam- ples of 1,000 units are to be taken.
14. A process is known to have a of 1.27 kilograms. Control limits have been established at 3 standard deviations on either side of a target weight of 20 kilograms for samples of size n = 4. What is B if the process is actually centered at 19.82 kilograms?
13. Refer to the data in problem 11. Suppose that the process is correctly centered at 1,100 kilograms but or increases to 150. What portion of production will be below the specifications limit?
12. Find the probability that the X of a random sample of 6 observations will fall inside the control limits for X that were found in problem 11 if remains equal to 100 kilo- grams but the mean of the process shifts to (a) 1,050, (b) 1,000, (c) 950.
11. Specifications for an item call for it to have a strength of at least 900 kilograms per square centimeter. The ingredients and processing that raise the item's strength are expensive, so the intent is to center the process so that the mean strength will be 1,100. The process has a of 100 and is
10. Specifications for the plastic material used in the action figure in problems 8 and 9 call for one of the ingredients to be between 5.94 percent and 6.06 percent, with a target composition of 6.00 percent. The current measuring and mixing procedures result in a normally distributed variation of
9. Suppose the toy company in problem 8 works to reduce the process standard devia- tion to 0.003 inch.a. What percentage of the parts will be out of spec if the process is properly centered?b. What percentage of the parts will be out of spec if the process is actually centered at 2.143 inches?
8. Specifications for a part that fits into a toy action figure call for one of the dimensions to be 2.145 plus or minus 0.006 inch. The variation in the equipment and processing results in a standard deviation of 0.004 inch for this dimension. —a. What percentage of the parts will be outside the
7. The specifications for a shaft diameter call for it to be 2.000 inches with a tolerance of +0.005 inch. The processing equipment has an inherent variation that is normally distributed with o = 0.002 inch.a. When the process is correctly set at 2.000 inches and maintained in control, what
6. A process is to produce a product that will stand an average force of 20,000 pounds.The variance of the product’s strength is 727,618 pounds-squared.a. Specify the control limits for _X so that a = 0.05 when samples of size 4 are used.b. Establish control limits for X when samples of size 5
5. A process is set so that it coats roofing with a layer of material that weighs an average of 6 pounds per square yard. The standard deviation of the process, under controlled conditions measured on a square yard of roofing, is 0.124 pound. Determine the upper and lower control limits for X so
4. A machine for bagging hard candy will drop at least one more piece into a bag if the contents weigh 8 ounces or less. Twenty-five samples of size n = 4 were taken, and the following sums were calculated: 2X = 205.513 and XR = 2.325 ounces.a. Establish 30 control limits for X. ;b. Establish 30
3. Thirty samples of size n = 8 were taken from a process, and the following measures were calculated: 2X = 44.682 and ZR = 0.114.a. Determine the 30 control limits for X, using Appendix V.b. Determine the 30 control limits for R, using Appendix V.
2. Samples of size 6 were taken from a process while it was operated under carefully controlled conditions, and the following measurements were found: X = 5.240 cm, and R= 0.0026 cm. Establish 30 control limits for the mean and the range.
1. An experienced operator has operated a machine over several days, being careful to keep assignable causes of variation absent from the process. Twenty-five random samples of n = 6 were taken during this time, and 2X = 75.186 cm and ZR = 4.270 cm.Compute control limits for X and R that are 3
13. Can proper application of quality control methods actually reduce costs while im- proving quality? Give a reason for your response.
12.a. Can you inspect quality into a product? Explain.b. Can extreme care in production offset a poor design? Explain.
11. Would it ever be advisable for control limits to be placed much beyond the 3x con- trol limits? When?
10. How does the precision or exactness of the testing or measuring method that is used affect the applicability of control charts? What does variability in the testing method do to a? To b?
9. Under what conditions would a por c chart be used instead of X and R charts?
8. Supplier selection and supplier relations are considered important to the purchasing department. Should the quality assurance department ever become involved in these issues? Why, or why not?
7.a. What is meant by the consumer's risk?b. What is meant by the producer's risk?
6. In establishing trial control limits, why are the limits for R established first?
5. What are the meanings of the terms in control and out of control?
4. What is the purpose of SPC?
3. Which are generally considered better, preventive or corrective approaches to quality control? Why?
2. Give four reasons why companies may use samples instead of checking every item. When might a company prefer to check every item?
1. What are three general areas in which statistics can be applied to control and improve quality?
The radiology department at a large hospital has an average retake rate of 8.8 percent; that is, 8.8 percent of its radiographs must be repeated because the picture is not sufficiently clear. Errors can occur because of incorrect patient measurement, improper calibration or setting of the machine,

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